1、,Grammar,专题三 非谓语动词,PART 1,高频考点清单,PART 2,重温高考真题,PART 3,热考点集训,PART1,高频考点清单,非谓语动词的核心考点,1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth. ”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。 My job is to teach English.(说明内容) beto do sth. (表示按计划要做的事) He is to go abroad.,(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。 下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，of
2、fer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。 下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。 (3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主
3、语补足语。,常用不定式作宾补的几种情况： 主语ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do sth. 主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to have done 主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。 下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，
4、the first，the second，the last，the only等。 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 There is no one to look after her.,不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。 She is now looking for a room to live in. (5)不定式作状语的用法。 不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。 We hurried to the classroom only to find none there. in order (not) to，so as (
5、not) to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。 The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. Im not such a fool as to believe that.,(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. see
6、m，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等) Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久),不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(
7、A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成时。(B)was/were to不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/ supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 (7)不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。 I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be
8、，this is a question. It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比),不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。 What he did was lose the game. 句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。 Dont do anything silly，such as marry him. 主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。 Why not，had better，would rather，ca
9、nt but等词后省to。 Youd better take it seriously.,多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。 Susan is not what she used to be. You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. I know I ought t
10、o have.,题组训练1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Its important for the figures (update) regularly. 2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem _(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face. 3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city _(cheer) by their enthusiastic suppo
11、rters. 4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable (hold).,查看答案,to be updated,to be,losing,to hold,to be,cheered,5.Simon made a big bamboo box (keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 6.Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of h
12、and luggage onto the plane. 7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced _(raise) peoples concern over food safety. 8.The ability (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.,查看答案,to keep,to carry,to,raise,to express,2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，av
13、oid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。 (2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。 (3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about
14、，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。 On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.,(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别： begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand,remember，forget，regret，try，mean,want，require，need,题组训练2 用
15、所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Its no use (complain) without taking action. 2.Lydia doesnt feel like (study) abroad. Her parents are old. 3. (expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin. 4.She is afraid of (take) to the public. 5.Marys (come) late made her mother angry.,查看答案,complaining,studying,Being exposed,being
16、 taken,coming,3.现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题 (1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等) Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy. 原因状语 Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her. Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 伴随状语 The girls came in，following their parents.,结
17、果状语 The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children. 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 (2)现在分词作表语。 主语bev.-ed表示被动，主语是人；主语bev.-ing表示主动，主语是物。,4.过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题 过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。
18、(1)作原因状语 Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep. Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep. Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car. As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.,(2)作时间状语 Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden. When the city is seen from the hill，it looks l
19、ike a garden. (3)作条件状语 Given more time，I would have worked out the problem. If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem. (4)作伴随状语 The teacher came in，followed by some students. The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students. 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑
20、上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。 Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.,题组训练3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.The island， (join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. 2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired， (keep) on your feet. 3.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from beh
21、ind the house. 4.Look over theretheres a very long，winding path (lead) up to the house. 5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose) for words.,查看答案,joined,keeping,rising,leading,lost,6. (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous. 7. (gather) around the f
22、ire，the tourists danced with the local people. 8.More highways have been built in China， (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 9.The players (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game. 10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and alw
23、ays keeps her colleagues _ (amuse) with her stories.,查看答案,Offered,Gathering,making,selected,amused,PART2,重温高考真题,1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江苏，26) A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding,答案,解析,解析 句意为
24、：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的12 000个的预期数量。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。A项having exceeded表示exceed的动作发生在were created之前，不符合语境； B项to exceed不能作伴随状语； C项exceeded表示主语与exceed之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and
25、rewarding experience.(2018北京，3) A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled,答案,解析,解析 选项中只有B项能作句子的主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。 C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，用作本句的主语自然不符合语法逻辑。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family memb
26、ers often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018北京，6) A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared,答案,解析,解析 此处需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意为：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria eff
27、ectively. (2018北京，10) A.used B.to use C.using D.use,答案,解析,解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该选A项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.I need a new passport so I will have to have
28、my photograph . (2018天津，7) A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt
29、help it.(2018天津，12) A.to eat；to try B.eating；trying C.eating；to try D.to eat；trying,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Many Chine
30、se brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏，21) A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing,答案,解析,解析 句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“ their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是
31、主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作，因此选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：医院最近获得
32、了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.(2017北京，27) A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved,答案,解析,解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。不定式短语to sa
33、ve their valuable time在句中作目的状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30) A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged,答案,解析,解析 句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从到(的范围)。a large collection of w
34、ildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,答案,解析,解析 句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。,1,2,3,4,
35、5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10) A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动
36、词，且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students. (2016浙江，19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
37、，是固定搭配，故选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4) A.making B.to make C.made D.being made,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词，所以make只能用非谓语动词形式；句子主语the cooling wind与make是
38、主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. (2015北京，21) A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。这里逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。,1,
39、2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16. more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建，28) A.Learn B.Learned C.To learn D.To be learning,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。逗号后面没有连词，可以判断此处应填非谓语动词，排除A项； learn与其逻辑主语
40、Jack之间是主动关系，排除B项； 此处用动词不定式作目的状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18) A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足
41、语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort. (2014四川，5) A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“see宾语宾语补
42、足语”结构，develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .(2014福建，30) A.connected B.connecting C.to connect D.to be connected,答
43、案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21) A.to be accompanied B.to accompany C.accompany
44、ing D.accompanied,答案,解析,解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,PART3,热考点集训,1.The Lifelong Learn
45、ing Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.(2018苏锡常镇一调，23) A.having been designed B.being designed C.designed D.designing,答案,解析,解析 句意为：这个旨在帮助人们参与到学习中的终身学习计划已经在全欧洲取得重大成功。design与主语是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19
46、,20,2.I find singing Karaoke ，for it takes my mind off my work for a while. A.being relaxed B.to relax C.relaxed D.relaxing,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我觉得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因为它让我暂时不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的复合结构，relaxing是宾语补足语，修饰事物，意为“令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.An
47、app that rewards students for time away from their phones is being released in the UK.(2018苏锡常镇四市二调，25) A.spending B.spent C.to spend D.spend,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在英国一种能奖励学生不把时间花在手机上的应用软件正在被推出。time与spend之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词spent作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is spent away from their phones，故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1
48、2,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out.(2017南京九中模拟，22) A.getting B.got C.to get D.get,答案,解析,解析 句意为：水现在有两英尺深，即使有可能，也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语，it是形式宾语，difficult是补足语，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.No one can avoid by advertisements. A.influencing B.influenced C.being influenced D.to influence,答案,解析,解析 动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，本题属被动语态。故答案为C。,
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