广东省广州市天河区2019高考英语二轮复习阅读理解及解析（科普类）06专题训练（含解析）.doc

1、1阅读理解（科普类）06十四、The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid_we simply weigh too much， and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressur

2、e that makes us sink.However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴)native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the wat

3、ers surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we，d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate w hitting. But fortunately there is an alternative ：cornflour. By adding enough of this com

4、mon thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot)，you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesnt behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough

5、 force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick Liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound, its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sin

6、k_and take a shower afterward!44.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans_.A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitationsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt45.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?2A.It is light enough to

7、 walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.46.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid.C.To help the liq

8、uid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.47.What is the authors attitude toward the idea of humans walking on water?A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.IC.t is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.【考点】考察科普知

9、识类阅读【文章大意】人类一直都希望能够达到草上飞的境界。文章中叙述了使用 cornflour在水面上产生一层，让我们能够在水上奔跑的新的理论，虽然在理论上可行，但是并不实际。44.B 推理题。根据文章第 2行：We simply weigh too much, and all our mass push down through our relatively small feet.可知我们人类太重 了，我们的身体把太多的重量都加到了我们的脚上，带来了太多的压力，让我们会沉下去。故 B正确。45.C 细节题。根据第二段第 4行：The lizard will take as many as 20

10、 steps per second to keep moving forward。可知这种蜥蜴可以在水面之上连续奔跑一段距离而不沉到水里。故 C正确。46.A 推理题。根据文章第三段第 2,3行：you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesnt behave like normal water. Now ,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough 可知这种 cornflour会让水面上形成一个很厚的表层。故 A正确。47.D 推理题。根据文章倒数第三行 Fun though all thi

11、s may sound, its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice。可知这种做法仍然只是停留在理论上，并不能在实际上有应用。说明作者认为这是不实际的。故 D正确。3【长难句解析】1.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water（and it does take a lot）, you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesnt behave like

12、 normal water.【翻译】通过向水面添加一些这样的常见的东西，你会创造出一种不同于正常的水的非牛顿规律的液体。【分析】本句中的介词 by表示通过某种手段或方法，后面要接动名词短语做宾语。同时本句中有一个定语从句 that doesnt behave like normal water.修饰前面的先行词liquid。2.Fun though all this may sound, its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.【翻译】尽管所有这些听起来很有趣，但是这

13、仍然只是理论上更好一点，而不是实际执行。【分析】本句中的 Fun though all this may sound是一个形式倒装，相当于一个让步状语从句 Though all this may sound fun。十五、Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay S5 for a ca

14、ramel brul6e latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情） ，but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to

15、ourselves. If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we

16、 dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of characterwe infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is 4often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt. Maybe we b

17、uy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do， though it may not be in compliance (符合)with their true desires. The

18、refore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegufs advice： “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. 52.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _.A.determine ones behaviorB.reflect ones tasteC.influence ones surroundingsD.

19、result from ones habits53.Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?A.The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.54.What can be i

20、nferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A.Pe

21、rsonalities and attitudes.B.Preferences and habits.C.Behavior and personalities.D.Attitudes and preferences.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读5【文章大意】很多人都认为人的性格决定了人的行为。作者在本文中提出了另外一个理论，很多情况下人们的行为收到了外界压力的影响，并不一定能够反映我们的真正的性格。52.A 推理题。根据文章第一段 1,2行 It is generally believed that people act the way they do because of their pers

22、onalities and attitudes。可知人们都认为他们做事情是因为他们的性格让他们这样做了。也就是说他们认为他们的性格决定了他们的行动。故 A正确。53.A 推理题。根据文章第二段第一句：Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions.可知作者认为：无法否认我们的行为来自我们内心的性情。这句话说明我们的行为可以说明我们的性格。A 项：归还钱包的做法可以说明人们很善良。故 A正确。54.B 推理题。根据下划线前面一句：Our behavior is often shaped by little pressu

23、re around us, which we failed to recognize。可知我们的行为经常受到我们周围的压力的影响，这一点我们很少意识到。接着就列举下划线的例子，说明该例子表示的正是我们容易受到外界压力的影响，做出一个与内心性格不一样的事情。故 B正确。【长难句解析】1.Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.【翻译】人们通常都认为人们是因为他们的个性和态度而决定他们做事的方式。【解析】本句中的 the way表示.的方式

24、后面的从句有多种连接方法，如：the way that/in which/不填.；另外本句中的 it是形式主语，真正的主语是 that引导的主语从句。2.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance with their true desires.【翻译】无论可能有什么样的压力或者做出什么样的推论， 人们总是成为他们想成为的那个样子，尽管这也许和他们真正的想法是不一致的。【解析】本句中的 Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make是一个让步状语从句，同时也是一个形式倒装。 “特殊疑问词+ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句；而“no matter+特殊疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。6