1、1第三讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高 级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为 th
2、an，但需特别注意没有 than 时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此 时往往用 in 或者 of 表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)London is one of the 1._ (large) cities in the world. Its population is 2._ (small) than Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the 3._ (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably most famou
3、s for its museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a 4._ (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say that it was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 5._ (clean) than it was. To the surprise of many people, it now has some
4、 of the 6._ (good) restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London the 7._ (exciting) city in Europe. Unfortunately, London is definitely not the 8._ (expensive) city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.答案：1.large
5、st 2.smaller 3.most popular 4.wider 5.cleaner 6.best 7.most exciting 8.least expensive2(二)快捷技法思考趋向 解题规则1.填形容词或副词的比较级提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than 时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。使用比较级的常见情况：(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有 than 就用比较级。(如题 2,4,5)(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现 than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如 a bit, a little,
6、 much, far, a great/good deal, a lot 等或有 still, even 等词修饰时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级 ., the比较级 .”结构。(5)“否定词比较级”可以表达最高级含义。2.填形容词或副词的最高级提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。使用最高级的常见情况：(1)表达在某个范围内“最”时，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有 in, of, among 等。(如题 6,7,8)(2)当空格前有 the second/
7、third ., one of .等词时，需填最高级。(如题 1,3)(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及 by far, almost, nearly 等。如：I am by far the most active member in our group.我是我们组最活跃的成员。(一)考点练悟下文中共有 8 处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。Dear Lily，Well, weve moved at last! When we got here, the flat seemed large than we remembered, because it was empty, bu
8、t now its got our furniture in it, so it doesnt feel as large as before. Weve got to do some decorating, and that will be expensive than we expected because the walls are in a bad condition than we thought. But well manage somehow, and soon well have the more attractive house in the town. And if you
9、r Uncle Bob has his way, well have the lovely 3garden as well. Well also be the poorer and the most exhausted householders in the country, but never mind. We still think moving here is the best thing weve done for years. We cant imagine now why we didnt do it when we were more younger. Come and see
10、us soon. Catch a train if you can, because its almost as cheaper as the bus, and the railway station is nearer to our end of town.Love from us both，Auntie Rosie答案：第二句：第一个 largelarger第三句：expensive 前加 more; badworse第四句：moremost第五句：lovelyloveliest第六句：poorerpoorest第八句：去掉 more第十句：cheapercheap(二)快捷技法思考趋向
11、解题规则1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用1.根据标志词“than, in, of, among”等，并结合具体语境检查是否存在比较等级的错用。2.熟记使用比较等级的常见情况。3.熟记使用最高级的情况。2.检查是否存在比较级修饰比较级的情况若形容词和副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用 more。形容词和副词之间的转化是高考的一大重点，在每年高考中都占有相当大的比重。语法填空和短文改错的此类考点均是根据形容词或副词的功能做出相互转化。因此考生应注意总结变化规律，尤其是其中的特殊变化形式。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Some people think that they will get
12、 ill if they use their brains too much. It is not 1._ (truly). Through many studies, scientists show us that the more you use your brain the better it will be and the cleverer you will become.Of course, if you want to keep your mind 2._ (clearly) and active, you must take a proper rest and study 3._
13、 (proper). To the teenagers, 4using their brains in the morning is 4._ (well) for their health.There are many ways to rest. One is a 5._ (peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an 6._ (act) rest. For example, take a walk 7._ (outdoor) and do more exercise every day. To change the way of b
14、rains activities is also a good way to rest.In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains. Wish you a wise man and a 8._ (happily) life.答案：1.true 2.clear 3.properly 4.good 5.peaceful 6.active 7.outdoors 8.happy(二)快捷技法思考趋向若提示词是形容词或副词，考虑形容词和副词之间的转化。解题
15、规则分析句子成分，看空格处所要填的词是作定语还是状语，如果作定语修饰名词，就用形容词；如果作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，则用副词。(三)重点强化形容词变副词的规则1一般情况加lycommoncommonly immediateimmediately2以“辅音字母y”结尾，将 y 改为 i 然后加lysteadysteadily busybusily3以le 结尾，去掉 e 加ysimplesimply gentlegently4以ic 结尾，加allyeconomiceconomically scientificscientifically (一)考点练悟下文中共有 5 处错误，每句中最
16、多有两处。请找出并改正。Dear David，It has been half a year since you left China. Hows everything going?Recent, an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school. Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it. I think you are suitably for the activity, for
17、you used to live in China and learned so many about the country. You can write about your understanding of Chinese culture as good as your personally experiences in 5China. You are expected to write an article about 500 words in English. Id appreciate it if you could mail your article to before May
18、 21st, 2019.Im looking forward to your participation.Yours, Li Hua答案：第三句：RecentRecently第五句：suitablysuitable; manymuch第六句：goodwell; personallypersonal(二)快捷技法思考趋向 解题规则1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用(1)“意近”引起的错用：例如 many 和 much 都表示“很多” ，但 many修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词。(2)“形近”引起的错用：例如 hard 与 hardly，前者表示“努力地” ，后者表示“几乎不” 。(3)意思
19、重复：例如 so 和 very 表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。(4)像 deep, high, slow 等本身也是副词，加上ly 后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。2.形容词与副词之间的错用一般来说，作定语和表语时用形容词；作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子时用副词。课堂应用体验 .语法填空(2018昆明调研)The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times. Lots of relics on the road can still _1_ (see) now. From
20、the relics, tourists can see the outline of the ancient metropolitan (大都会的) areas along _2_ fantastic road. In the tour packages, tourists can imagine _3_ (they) to be ancient merchants by riding camels in deserts.The Silk Road is a long route, _4_ Xian in the east to Gansu and Xinjiang in the west.
21、 If it is your first trip to China, we _5_ (sincere) suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting Beijing, Xian, Dunhuang, Urumqi and Kashi. You could get to know about the history of China and 6experience _6_ (color) scenery along the Silk Road.If you are an _7_ (experience) traveler wanting
22、 to explore China fully, it is recommended _8_ you should travel to Dunhuang, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Turpan, Kashi and Urumqi to follow the footprint of Marco Polo. This route may take about 15 days. If you have only a oneweek holiday, the _9_ (choose) of three most famous cities will be fit for you.Al
23、ong the Silk Road route, Xian and Gansu are suitable to visit all year round. The best time _10_ (visit) Xinjiang is from May to October because the weather is mild.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了中国的“丝绸之路” ，并为如何游览“丝绸之路”提出了一些建议。1be seen 考查动词语态。句子的主语是 Lots of relics，与谓语动词 see 之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；空格前面有情态动词 can，所以填 be
24、 seen。2the 考查冠词。上文已经提到了丝绸之路，此处再次提到，表示特指，要用定冠词，所以填 the。3themselves 考查反身代词。本句表达的意思是“通过在沙漠中骑骆驼，游客们可以把他们自己想象成古代的商人” ，they 指代主语 tourists，所以要用反身代词。4from 考查介词。此处表达的是“从东部的西安到西部的甘肃和新疆” ，表达“从到”要用介词短语 from . to .。5sincerely 考查副词。修饰动词 suggest 要用副词，所以填 sincerely。6colorful 考查形容词。修饰名词 scenery，要用形容词来作定语，所以填colorful
25、。7experienced 考查形容词。根据空后的名词 traveler 可知，空处应用形容词作定语，表示“有经验的” ，故填 experienced。8that 考查主语从句。本句为“It is recommendedthat 从句”结构，it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正的主语，故填 that。9choice 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词 the 和空后的 of 可知，空处应填名词，所以空处要用 choice。10to visit 考查非谓语动词。the best time to do sth.的意思是“做某事的最好的时间” ，其中的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的 the best t
26、ime，所以填 to visit。.短文改错(2018武汉市武昌区调研)Dear Li Hua，7Im pretty delighting to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive been thinking about a question you asked me. In your opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed
27、 nowadays in China. It will be quite easier for you to find a good job. As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you. For other reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent when they are getting old. Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting?Best wishes!John答案：第一句：delightingdelighted第二句：athe第三句：第一个 yourmy; beforeafter第四句：badbadly第五句：easiereasy第六句：去掉第二个 of第七句：otheranother; parentparents第九句：waiting 后加 for8
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