（通用版）2019高考英语二轮复习第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO.2再研考点第三层级注意“行文逻辑”—争满分讲义.doc

1、1第三层级|注意“行文逻辑”争满分语法填空和短文改错这两种题型主要是从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。相对于词法、句法来说，行文逻辑题是考生失分最多的题目。究其原因，这类题目的解题信息不局限于某句或某个句群，大多是需要从全文的角度去审视、去思考，对于这类较难题目，考生在做题时，一定要注意以下三点：一、注意时态是否一致有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。若全文都是在使用过去时态，则考查角度一般就是针对过去时态的。典例 1 (2016全国卷)So it was a great honour

2、 to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _62_ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador .易误点拨 分析句子成分可知句子缺少谓语动词，需要考虑其时态、语态及主谓一致。I 与 allow 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定

3、此句也用过去时。再根据主语 I，可知应填 was allowed。本题容易受下文将来时态的影响而错填别的时态。典例 2 (2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that (where) I live. Though not very big, but (去掉 but) the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had (have) to wait out

4、side. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest (honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or (and) high quality oil are using (used) for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams (of) becoming rich in the (a) short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our (his) busin

5、ess will grow steady (steadily)易误点拨 全文的时态为一般现在时，第四句中用了过去时 had，应该引起重视，重点核查。因为没有具体的时间状语，故此处需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。二、注意行文逻辑是否一致解决这一类型的问题应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑。检查逻辑一致主要是从肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如 come 与 go, take 与 bring, sell 与 buy)的使用上着手。典例 1 There once was a forest filled with happy animals. One day a raccoon (浣熊 ) found som

6、e socks left behind by picnickers, and 1.decided (decide) to wear them. They fitted so well, and felt so fortable (comfort) that he kept them on. He spent his days 3.walking (walk) through the forest in 2his new socks.Other animals became envious of the raccoons new look and followed his trend. Firs

7、t it was squirrels in 4.shirts (shirt), then rabbits 5.with hats on, and finally birds wearing underpants!Doctor Bear, the forest physician, disapproved and tried to warn the clotheswearers. _6_ no one listened. Instead, they urged him to follow the latest trend too.Soon, the problems started. A squ

8、irrel caught his shirt on a branch and crashed to the ground. A rabbit tried entering his hole while 7.wearing (wear) his hat and got stuck. Even the raccoon, thanks to his bright coloured socks, slipped into the river and almost died.易误点拨 第 6 空我们需从整个段落及上下文的行文逻辑上考虑，分析上下文语境可知，前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词 But。本题容

9、易误认为前后为补充、并列关系而错填 And。典例 2 (2018长春模拟)Last week, there was a program calling (called) “Learning to Respect Our Parents” in our school. That (It) is known to us that respect for ones parents is one of Chinese traditional moral value (values). And (But) most students nowadays are “the only child”. We (

10、They) often think of themselves as the centre of their family.As for the program, eight “dos” have (been) worked out for the students to follow. For an (去掉 an) example, we are advised to remember our parents birthdays. Beside (Besides) this, it is necessary that we should also tell our parents what

11、we are going to do when we go out. The program has been such (so) successful that it has been high (highly) praised by many people.易误点拨 第三句需从第一段整体上来把握，尤其根据第一段最后一句“We (They) often think of themselves as the centre of their family.”可知前后句之间为转折关系，故将 And 改为 But。此处容易错认为上下文为补充、并列关系而看不出错误。三、注意指代是否一致注意查看代词所指

12、代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确及前后是否一致，包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。典例 1 (2017全国卷)Steam engines 65.were_used (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, 3with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and withi

13、n six months, more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.易误点拨 本空没有提示词，需从介词、冠词、连词、代词等方面考虑，结合空格前后内容可知应该填代词，此时要结合整句话或整段话去检查代词的指代一致。本题填it，指代前半句的 the railway。本题容易误认为指代首句中的 Steam engines 而误填them。典例 2 (2018昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)Im one of the students in our class who has (have) ever been to England. Last su

14、mmer I was lucky enough to be sent there to study. As soon as I arrived on (in) England by plane, I was picked up by the Smiths, which (whom) I would live with for the next two weeks. We (I) felt like a fish out of water when I got to(去掉 to) there. The Smiths did what they could (to) make me feel at

15、 home. I study (studied) at an international school, where I met friend (friends) from all over the world.I seized the opportunity to practise my speak (spoken) English. Soon I made such a rapid progress that I received highly (high) praise from all the people around.易误点拨 通过检查全文的人称可知，全文均为第一人称 I, 故第四

16、句出现了第一人称复数形式 We 要重点核查。根据本句后的“when I got there”可知，此处应将 We 改为 I。如果不检查人称的指代关系是否一致的话，本错误很可能就看不出来。课堂应用体验 .语法填空Switzerland is famous _1_ its watches. However, this country didnt invent the watch. It was the British who did it. Here is a story of how the watch _2_ (bring) to Switzerland.Many years ago, _3_

17、 Englishman travelled to Italy and on his way he stopped in a small town _4_ (call) Geneva in Switzerland. This Englishman travelled in a carriage inside which there was a carriage watch. This was the _5_ (early) kind of watch. A Blacksmith happened to see the watch. He wondered what it was _6_ aske

18、d the Englishman about it. “It is a carriage watch， ” answered the man. “This machine can tell the time but now _7_ isnt working.” At once the man offered to try repairing it. So the _8_ (travel) handed him the watch. The man was very clever. It was easy for him _9_ (repair) it. He even remembered h

19、ow it was made. And he made a watch of _10_ 4(exact) the same type.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了手表不是瑞士发明的但瑞士却以手表而闻名于世。1for 考查介词。be famous for 是固定搭配，意为“以而著称” 。故填 for。2was brought 考查动词时态和语态。根据句意可知，这里有一个故事，讲的是手表是如何被带到瑞士的。故事讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且 bring 这一动作与主语“the watch”之间构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动式。故填 was brought。3an 考查冠词。根

20、据上下文语境可知，此处“Englishman”是第一次提到的名词，且表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且 Englishman 的读音以元音音素开头，故用 an。4called 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，一个英国人去意大利，途中他留宿在瑞士一个叫做 Geneva 的小镇。因为 call 与“Geneva”之间为被动关系，所以此处应用 call的过去分词形式构成分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词 town。故填 called。5earliest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空格前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，表示这是最早款式的表。故填 earliest。6and 考查连词。根据语境可知，他想知道这是什么

21、东西，并向这个英国人询问，应用连词 and 连接。故填 and。7it 考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的“This machine”，是同类同物。故填 it。8traveller/traveler 考查名词。根据语境可知，这个旅行者把表递给了他。此句中缺少主语，且主语是指人的名词。故填 traveller/traveler。9to repair 考查非谓语动词。该空考查句型“Its形容词for sb. to do sth.” ，意为“某人做某事” 。故填 to repair。10exactly 考查副词。句意：他做了一款完全一样的表。此处应用 exact 的副词形式修饰形容词短语“o

22、f the same type” 。故填 exactly。.短文改错(2018成都模拟)Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, tried to call a taxi. But no luck. Then I thought of the taxibooking app my friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cell phone. Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty proudly of my hight

23、ech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cell phone to get the next order. It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. Whats bad, the drivers informations might be unreliable. How can we passengers l

24、egal rights be protecting if something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxibooking app the next time.5答案：第一句：triedtrying第三句：hashad第四句：proudlyproud第五句：SoBut/Yet; looking 后加 at第六句：whenthat第七句：badworse; informationsinformation第八句：protectingprotected第九句：去掉第二个 the“语法填空短文改错”组合练(一)(共 4 组，每组限时 2

25、0 分钟)第一组.语法填空Henry Bond was about ten years old when his father died. His mother found it difficult to support a large family, but still everything _1_ (leave) in her care. By good management, she managed _2_ (send) Henry to school and supply him, for the most part, _3_ books he needed.At one time,

26、however, Henry wanted a grammar book, and his mother couldnt afford it. He became very _4_ (worry), and went to bed with a heavy heart. On waking in the morning, he found that a deep snow had fallen, and the cold wind was blowing _5_ (fierce). Then an idea struck him.He rose and ran to the house of

27、_6_ neighbor, offering his service to clear a path around his house. The offer was accepted. _7_ (complete) this work and received his pay, he went to another place for the same purpose, and then to another, _8_ he earned enough to buy a grammar book.When school began, Henry was ready to begin the l

28、esson in his new book. From that time, Henry was always the first in all his _9_ (class). He knew no such word as “fail”， and always _10_ (succeed) in all he had tried. Having 6the will, he always found the way.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Henry Bond 家境贫寒，一次，在母亲没钱为他买语法书的情况下，他通过自己的劳动赚钱买语法书来继续自己的学业。1was left 考查动词时态和

29、语态。根据语境可知，此处指一切都留给她打理。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；又因为 everything 与 leave 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 was left。2to send 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.是固定用法，意为“努力完成某事，成功做某事” 。故填 to send。3with 考查介词。此处指 Henry 的母亲给他提供大部分他需要的书。supply sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb.“给某人提供某物” ，是固定搭配。4worried 考查形容词。他很发愁，心情沉重地去睡觉了。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表

30、语，应用形容词，故填 worried“担忧的，发愁的” 。5fiercely 考查副词。应用副词修饰谓语动词 was blowing。fiercely“猛烈地” 。6a 考查冠词。他起床，然后跑到一户邻居家，提出要帮他在房子周围清理出一条路。neighbor 在文中第一次提到，此处表示泛指，且因 neighbour 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词 a。7Having completed 考查非谓语动词。完成这项工作并得到应有的报酬后，Henry为同样的目的去了另一个地方。he 与 complete 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，且 complete的动作发生在 went 之前，故用现在分词的完

31、成式在句中作状语。8until 考查状语从句。此处指直到他赚到足够的钱来买语法书。until“直到” ，在此引导时间状语从句。9classes 考查名词复数。从那时起，Henry 在他所有的课程里都是第一名。根据句中的“all”可知此处应用名词复数形式。10succeeded 考查动词时态。空处与 knew 在句中并列作谓语，应用一般过去时。故填 succeeded。.短文改错When a student told Katie that he wanted bike but couldnt afford it, she decided to make his dream come true.

32、And she even took the whole school under consideration. At the school that she worked, a lot of students were poor. But Katie thought own their own bikes would make wonderfully memories for every child. To earn money for hundreds of new bike, Katie launched an online page, and finally raise enough m

33、oney to pay for them. Katie was surprised the kids by announcing a gift over a loudspeaker at school. “Joy is the basic childhood 7right， ” she said. “A bike is one of the top things that represents that.”答案：第一句：wanted 后加 a; itone第二句：underinto第三句：thatwhere第四句：第一个 ownowning; wonderfullywonderful第五句：b

34、ikebikes; raiseraised第六句：去掉 was第八句：representsrepresent第二组.语法填空According to the UK Parliament, Big Ben, which is considered as _1_ landmark building in London, will keep silent for four years as major conservation works are carried out on the tower that houses the bell. Visitors to London may feel _2

35、_ a pity that they wont hear the chimes (钟声) in the next few years.The chimes from the bell, one of Londons most famous _3_ (attract), have kept time in the British capital for 157 years. At noon on August 21, 2017, Big Ben sounded for the last time until 2021. The repairs _4_ (assess) at around 29

36、million. Big Ben _5_ (fall) silent is a significant milestone in this _6_ (extreme) important conservation project. This important program of works will safeguard the clock _7_ a longterm basis, as well as protecting and preserving its home.Big Ben is the name of the bell inside the tower (St. Steph

37、ens Tower, renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012), and not the building or the clock simply _8_ (know) as the Great Clock itself.The chimes were last silent in 2007 during conservation and before that from 1983 to 1985 during a period of refurbishment (翻新). Londoners, however, neednt worry _9_ Big Ben wil

38、l continue to strike for important _10_ (nation) events such as New Years Eve and Remembrance Sunday.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大本钟是英国伦敦的地标性建筑，因要对其进行保护性修缮，自 2017 年 8 月 21 日起大本钟将不再敲响。但像除夕之夜和阵亡将士纪念日这种重要的全国性活动，它将仍然会为伦敦市民报时。1a 考查冠词。大本钟被认为是伦敦的一个地标性建筑。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词 a。82it 考查代词。去伦敦旅游的游客可能会感到遗憾，他们在之后的几年里听不到钟声了。分析句子结构可知，

39、空处在此作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面 that 引导的从句。故填 it。3attractions 考查名词复数。大本钟的钟声是伦敦最有名的魅力之一。根据语境及句中的“one of”可知此处应填 attractions。4are assessed 考查动词时态和语态。此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；又因assess 与 The repairs 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 are assessed。5falling 考查非谓语动词。fall 与 Big Ben 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填 falling。6extremely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词 impor

40、tant，故用副词 extremely“非常” 。7on 考查介词。basis 在此意为“基准，准则，方式” ，常用于“on a . basis”结构中。故填 on。8known 考查非谓语动词。know 与 the clock 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 known。9because 考查状语从句。但是伦敦人不用担心，因为大本钟会继续为像除夕之夜和阵亡将士纪念日这样重要的全国性活动报时。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导原因状语从句，前面是果，后面是因，故填 because。10national 考查形容词。空处修饰名词“events” ，应用形容词。故填nationa

41、l“国家的，全国的” 。.短文改错The other day I as well as my parents were eating in a restaurant when we noticed a foreigner coming in. He seats himself at a table by the window. Soon a waitress came and wanted to take her order. However, the foreigner couldnt got his needs across. Seeing this, I went up immediat

42、e to offer some helps. We communicated with simple English for a while but I later knew why the waitress couldnt understand him. The foreigner actually wanted roast Beijing duck, but he had a wrong Chinese pronunciation. Hearing my explanation, the waitress couldnt help to laughing. The foreigner hi

43、mself also laughed.答案：第一句：werewas第二句：seatsseated第三句：herhis第四句：gotget第五句：immediateimmediately; helpshelp9第六句：within; butand第七句：roast 前加 a第八句：去掉 to第三组.语法填空(2018重庆调研)Now, Id like to share what I _1_ (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala Nationa

44、l Park, one of the _2_ (unusual) national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui. Ships stop at the island and buses take _3_ (group) of visitors to see the huge volcano there. Visitors also may take a walk in the rain forest _4_ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.The park off

45、ers visitors a sight of nature at _5_ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look. At the top of Haleakala, _6_ (look) down inside what is the most active part of the volcano, we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔岩) stone ever since. Hundreds of

46、years _7_ rain and bright sun have cut long paths in the stone. There are mainly 3 stone areas. One big area seems _8_ (be) deep and dark red. _9_ two areas seem almost yellow and green. It looks as if someone spilled (泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas. The lava stone areas are _10_ (colo

47、r) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈雷阿卡拉国家公园。1learned/learnt 考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“a few weeks ago”可知，该空应用一般过去时。2most unusual 考查形容词最高级。此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一” ，这里应用形容词的最高级修饰 national parks，故该空填 most unusual。3groups 考查名词复数。根据上文中的“Thousands of visitors”可知游客很多，又因 group 是可数名

48、词，这里表示“成群的游客” ，故用 group 的复数形式。4created 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，forest 后面的部分作定语修饰rain forest，且 rain forest 与动词 create 之间在逻辑上是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。5which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句， “at _ majorities . a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作 at 的宾语，代指 a sight of nature，故填 which。106looking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句中第二个逗号后面的部分是主句，空处为非谓语动词作状语，look 与主句的主语 we 之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故此处用现在分词形式。7of 考查介词。of 用于 month, year 等名词后以表示某状态或活动持续的时长。8to be 考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.为固定用法。9Another 考查代词。根据上文中的 3 stone areas 和 One big area 可知，这里用 Another。Another two areas 表示“另外两个地区” 。10colorful 考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主