2019高考英语二轮题海特训营（15）阅读理解主旨大意三.doc

1、1阅读理解-主旨大意三1、 Americans are expected to spend $8.4 billion on candy and costumes this Halloween, according to an annual survey from the National Retail Federation (NRF). The figure marks an all-time high for the survey, which has been conducted for the past 11 years.Halloween spending for 2016 is up

2、 nearly 22% from last years $6. 9 billion. The NRF predicts that more than 171 million American consumers will participate in Halloween celebrations, and will spend an average of $ 82. 93 per person, up from last years $ 74. 34. Shoppers are expected to spend a total of $3. 1 billion on costumes, wi

3、th $2. 5 billion being spent on candy, $2.4 billion on decorations, and $390 million on greeting cards.“After a long summer,families are excited to welcome the fall season celebrating Halloween,“ NRF President and CEO Matthew Shay said in a statement. Retailers (零售商)are preparing for the day by offe

4、ring a wide variety of options in costumes, decorations and candy, while being aggressive with their promotions to capture the most out of this shopping event.“Proper Insights dressing in costume ( 47% ) ; pumpkin carving (46% ) ; throwing or going to a party (34% ) ; taking their kids trick-or-trea

5、ting (30% ) ; and dressing their pet(s) in costume (16% ).If you find yourself with leftovers, you can use them for a good deed. Many dentist offices across the country participate in the Halloween Candy Buy Back program. Through the program, they buy back extra candies and send them in care package

6、s to troops overseas. That ought to leave you with a sweet feeling!1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.Halloween spending on costumes is more than spending on other items.B.Halloween spending on candy is decreasing.2C.Halloween is the most important holiday for Americans.D.Americans seld

7、om send post cards these days.2.According to Matthew Shay, _.A.most shops will be shut off for the holidayB.retailers are well prepared for the holidayC.people can wear various clothes for the holidayD.most people will go shopping on Halloween3.Which can be the best title for the passage?A.A survey

8、conducted for the past 11 yearsB.What Americans buy for HalloweenC.How much does Halloween cost?D.How do Americans celebrate Halloween?2 Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are warm and friendly. They often s

9、tand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch

10、 for hourstheres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, po

11、lite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is 3about money. Rank is imp

12、ortant and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The

13、handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at rest

14、aurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe S

15、wiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be

16、 safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish th

17、e food on your plate.1.The passage is mainly about _.A.communication typesB.the workplace atmosphereC.customs and social mannersD.living conditions and standards2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?4A.They put efficiency in the first place.B.They dislike face-to-face communication.C.T

18、hey want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.3.In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?A.When greeting seniorsB.When meeting the host aloneC.When attending a presentationD.When dining with business partners.4.In whi

19、ch country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?A.In Brazil.B.In Singapore.C.In the United Arab Emirates.D.In Switzerland.3、 In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern business

20、es have been following his lead, with more tactics(策略).One tactic involves where to display the goods. For example,stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品)later in their

21、 trip. In department stores,the womens shoe section is generally next to the womens cosmetics(化妆品)section: while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.Besides, businesses seek to ap

22、peal to customers senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was 5played, sales of Frenc

23、h wines went up.When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly.

24、 When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.1.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the fi

25、rst section?A.To save customers time.B.To show they are high quality foods.C.To help sell junk food.D.To sell them at discount prices.2.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?A.Opening the store early in the morning.B.Displaying British wines next to French ones

26、.C.Inviting customers to play music.D.Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.3.What is the California builders story intended to prove?A.The house structure is a key factor customers consider.B.The more costly the house is, the better it sells.C.An ocean view is much to the customers taste.

27、D.A good first impression increases sales.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.C.To report researches on customer behavior.D.To show dishonest business practices.64、 Some of the w

28、orlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential

29、as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran h

30、opes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to

31、 reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to

32、continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, its the re

33、contextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider

34、 context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”71.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What

35、does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains bla

36、ck and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of Jazz.B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz.C.The Story of a Jazz Musician.D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.5、Food serves as a form of communication in two

37、 fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a parti

38、cular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion(时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among

39、 the guests. 8Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺) in the New Y

40、ear. InGreece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. InChina, when a baby is one mon

41、th old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising tha

42、t food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.1.According to the passage, sharing bread _.A.indicates a lack of foodB.can help to develop unityC.is a custom unique to rural areasD.has its roots in birthday celebrations2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its recei

43、ver in the New Year?A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by _.A.using examplesB.making comparisonsC.analyzing causesD.describing processes4.What is the passage mainly about?9A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The

44、role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture. 6、 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited tocommunications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a

45、 large harbour at the mouthof the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was disco

46、vered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in theWest,with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundredsof miles up icy

47、 rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich. A

48、bout100 of these stayed rich men for therest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like foodand wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all beenfound.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in se

49、ttling down,andwhen they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quicklyas they had come.Today,people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rushhappened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.101.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of f