浙江省2019年高考英语二轮复习专题二阅读七选五讲义.doc

1、1阅读七选五阅读七选五真题检测(一) 2018 年 6月浙江高考Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor sh

2、ould._31_Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产 ) neat, clean, and in good repair._32_ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance o

3、f the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag._33_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area._34_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the groce

4、ry shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._35_ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you w

5、ill quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.AIn general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.BA good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.DSometimes neighbors may go to the supermar

6、ket together to do shopping.EShould you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.FPeople tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居，介

7、绍了几个帮你迅速地融入新的社区的小技巧。231选 G 第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选 G项“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖” ，承上启下。32选 F 第二段介绍和邻居关系融洽其中一个最重要的事情是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境。该空格前面的“neat, clean, and in good repair” 以及空格后面的“in great shape”都与 F项中的“fresh and inviting”相对应，故选 F项。33选 E 第三段主要是建议要重视社区的整体面貌。空格前

8、提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。E 项“如果你碰到从路过的车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来” ，与空格前后衔接，故选 E项。34选 B 第四段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。由本段中的“you are there to help in any way”可知， B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人” ，符合本段内容。35选 C 只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为社区的整体面貌感到自豪，你很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。空格后的“respecting others, taking care o

9、f, taking pride in”都是替别人着想的表现，故 C项符合语境。阅读七选五真题检测(二) 2017 年 11月浙江高考How to Remember What You ReadReading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what youve read! _31_ You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images (形象 ) may fly right out of your head. Here

10、 are a few tricks for remembering what you read._32_If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely wont be able to remember what you read. Its a bit like reading a foreign language. If you dont understand what youre reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few thi

11、ngs you can do . Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.Are you connected?Does a character remind you of a friend? Does the setting make you want to visit the place? Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more? With some books, you may feel a connection right away. _33_ How will

12、ing are you to make the connections happen?Read it; hear it; be it!Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into 3the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. Hed make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for eac

13、h character. _34_How often do you read?If you read frequently, youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading (and what youve read). _35_ As you make reading a regular part of your life, youll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. Youll learn

14、to enjoy literature as you remember what you read!AAre you confused?BPractice makes perfect.CWhats your motivation?DMemory is sometimes a tricky thing.EMarking helps you remember what you read.FBut other books require a bit more work on your part.GYou can do the same thing when you are reading the t

15、ext!语篇解读：本文主要介绍了记住阅读过的内容的技巧。31选 D 根据空前的“the next step is making sure that you remember what youve read”和空后的“but the ideas, concepts and images (形象) may fly right out of your head”可知，阅读是重要的，但是你要确保记住所阅读的内容。你可能刚读过了文本，但并没有记住其中的思想、概念和形象。由此可知 D项“记忆有时候是一件很困难的事情”能衔接上下文，所以选 D项。32选 A 本空是段落主题句。由“If the plot, c

16、haracters，or word usage is confusing for you, you likely wont be able to remember what you read.”可知，本段主要介绍了由于对所读的内容有困惑，从而导致记不住所读的东西，故 A选项与此处匹配。33选 F 根据空前的“With some books, you may feel a connection right away.”可知，读有些书时，你可以很快建立联系；空后一句提到“你有多大意愿让这些联系发生” ，故 F项“但是 (阅读) 其他书对你的要求更多一些”与前后句衔接紧密，故选 F项。34选 G 本

17、空位于段尾，是段落结尾句。由本段内容可知，大声读出来所阅读的材料并加以演绎也是一个技巧。本段又以狄更斯写作时演绎自己作品中的角色为例来说明我们也可以这样做，所以选 G项。35选 B 根据空前的“If you read frequently, youll likely have an easier 4time with remembering”和空后的“As you make reading a regular part of your life”可知，有规律的阅读可以让记忆变得更加轻松，即“熟能生巧” ，所以选 B项。浙江省英语高考试卷中阅读理解部分的第二节，要求考生从七个选项中选出五个填入短

18、文空白处，此题型一般通俗地称之为“阅读七选五” 。该题型需要考生能够把握整篇文章的主旨，文章的整体思路和每一段的用意以及作者的写作意图。一、命题特点要知晓1短文特点阅读七选五题型是在一篇长度约 300词的短文中留出 5个空白，要求考生从短文后所给的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项，其中两项为多余选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。所选文章的题材大多贴近考生生活，与考生的日常生活、学习紧密相关。2体裁特点阅读七选五文章体裁以说明文为主，这种文体的文章结构严谨、脉络清晰、层次分明、逻辑性强，有利于考生在阅读的基础上进行综合理解。3设空特点阅读七选五文

19、中设五个空，依据挖空位置，可将 5个题目分为段首题、段中题和段尾题；依据句子在文中的作用，可分为“主旨概括句(涉及文章整体内容)” “语段过渡句(反映文章结构)”和“细节注释句(反映上下文的逻辑关系)”三个类型。二、题型技法要用好主旨概括题主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面

20、设题：概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。典例 (20186 月浙江高考节选)_34_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help i

21、n any way that is acceptable, 5while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.AIn general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.BA good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.DSometimes neighbors

22、may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.EShould you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.FPeople tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.分析：选 B 设空位于

23、段首，属于主旨概括句。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。由本段中的“you are there to help in any way”可知，B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人” ，能概括本段内容。语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该

24、空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。典例 (20176 月浙江高考节选)Hit the streets with confidence. _33_ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a qui

25、ck way to get people to warm up to you.ALimit your time.BAs you approach people, be polite.CIf you dont own a camera, you can buy one.DFor new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.ETo get good and useful results, ask them the same question.6FThat number of interviews should give you all

26、the answers you need.GWith a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.分析：选 B 设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。由空前的“confidence”和下文中的“Excuse me”和“I was wondering”可知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选 B，起承上启下的作用。细节线索题细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1词汇复现法复现法是保

27、证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。典例 (2018全国卷节选)_38_. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring t

28、han painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most famil

29、iar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析：选 D 解此题可运用词汇复现法。该空所在段最后一句中的“small color choices”是 D项“Small color choices”的原词

30、复现。故选 D。2词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。7典例 (2018全国卷节选) _40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You w

31、ill want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to

32、burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析：选 A 解此题可用词汇同现法。由选段的关键词 stick to healthy food choices, eating junk food, positive choices等可知，这一段说的是晨练对饮食的影响，与选项 A的内容属同一范畴。3代词线索法英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代

33、词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。典例 (2018全国卷节选) Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the sma

34、ll ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to

35、get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways8分析：选 A 解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的 they指代上文中的 techniques，且与 A项中的 all of them相呼应，代入 A项“尽管它们都很有用” ，符合语境，故选 A。4逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种

36、这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。典例 1 (2017全国卷节选) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people

37、who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer .I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness .We have done a lot

38、of it since ._40(E)_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then,

39、however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析：选 D 此题从行文逻辑上判断属转折关系。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后来对野营的态

40、度不一样。D项表示“但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识” ，however 与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是 however这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下文内容作铺垫。9典例 2 (2018北京高考节选)Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to ge

41、t angry. _53_ Also, sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.AOur attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.BBut some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence

42、 of anger.CAnger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.DAnger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.EHaving these personality traits implies the preanger state, where anger is in the backgroun

43、d of your mind.FUnderstanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.GNot everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.分析：选 E 此题从行文逻辑上判断属递进关系。由空后的 Also可知，选项与空后句构成递进关

44、系。上面提到：每个人都有自己心理不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，preanger 并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的 preanger，故选 E。典例 3 (2017北京高考节选)One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. _72_ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) conn

45、ections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.AWe should also try to sleep well the night before.BIts as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.DThe proc

46、esses take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with 10memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F “Sleep is the price we pay for learning， ” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections, or syn

47、apses, in the brains of 12 mice.分析：选 E 此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。空前一句的意思是，有一种观点认为，睡眠有助于增强新的记忆，选项 E(那就是为什么学生如果在学习之后能有机会睡觉的话，他们就会在考试中发挥更好)是上文产生的结果。该项中的 That指代的就是前面的观点，因此正确答案为 E。本部分独立页面设计，若作为检测使用，可裁下上交作业。 阅读七选五模拟检测(一)(共 4篇，限时 40分钟)A(2018金丽衢十二校联考)How to Cut Back on Playing Video GamesAs you get older and shoulder

48、 more responsibilities in your life, your gaming time might need to adjust.Heres what worked well for me.Start Tracking Your Gaming TimeOne of the reasons why video games eat up so much time is that theyre so engaging.I cant count how many times Ive sat down to play games for “a couple of minutes” t

49、hen looked up to see hours have gone by.“Tracking your gaming time can help， ” says psychologist John MGrohol.Prepare a spreadsheet or a piece of paper, and write down when you start playing a game and when you stop._1_ I found it helpful.Start Choosing Games Wisely_2_ MMOs and RPGs, for example, are major time sinks.I would probably cry if I looked at my total time spent during the golde