（全国）2020高考英语大一轮复习话题版主题语境Unit6家人、朋友与周围的人讲义.doc

1、1家人、朋友与周围的人.单词拼写1.Not wanting to depend on her parents for a living, my cousin(堂姐) took up two part-time jobs in her spare time.2.Eventually，the couple(一对夫妻) found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had lost forever.(2018江苏)3.He was unconscious and

2、 as I looked at his face，something occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very familiar(熟悉的).(2018全国)4.In my opinion, honesty is the most important part of lasting friendship(友谊)，which is why I hate being cheated.5.We seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generatio

3、n(一代) of farmers from all backgrounds.(2018江苏)6.When meetings are one-to-one，if the host(主人) offers you coffee，you should refuse.7.Though they have never had a serious quarrel(争吵)，the mutual indifference caused the couple to drift apart.8.The company was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration

4、s decision five years ago to create a separate(单独的) set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.(2017全国)9.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect(尊敬)，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.(2

5、016全国)10.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding(误解) of traditions.They think traditions mean old things from the past.单句语法填空1.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely(close) related.(2018江苏)2.Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery(deliver).(2017江苏)3.But

6、 when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage(marry) and was 2healthier.(2016天津)4.Looking around，he hoped he might find an old box，a rock，or with luck，even a ladder，but it was a tidy neighbourhood(neighbour) and there was n

7、othing he could use.5.Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal(person) qualities，and learn new skills.(2018全国)6.The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads，leaving public land in between privately(private

8、) owned land.7.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively(relative) few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.(2018全国)8.Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment(treat)，she finally

9、 became healthy.(2016天津)9.A team made up only of “yes men” can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly agreed with in the first place.10.We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance(distant) to take the shower and use the bathroom.(2017全国).单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)1.Kate，

10、whose sister I shared a room when we were at college，has gone to towithwork in Australia.2.After I had quarrel with my husband，I realized that I wasnt going to afeel any better just sitting there.3.She was married a lawyer.withto4.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water so much

11、that she had had it from the pump to her house every day.deliverdelivered5.The students who have graduated from Beijing University are invited to a reception by Professor Smith.hostinghosted.选词填空bring up， be on good terms with， get along with， depend on， break up1.Races of different religion and cul

12、ture should be able to be on good terms 3with each other.2.Norton Sound，a frozen body of water，was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.(2016北京)3.Brought up in a family with great academic atmosphere, Hawking was admired for his vast intelligence and wisdom.4.Thinking hard

13、 about it，I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were depending on me.(2018天津)5.As a team，we should possess good communication skills and get along with each other.relate to， go wrong， go ones separate ways， keep in touch with， make friends6.The driver ex

14、amined the engine carefully in case it went wrong on the way.7.If you cannot overcome the obstacles with joint efforts，you had better go your separate ways as early as possible.8.It is a common practice for Britons to send cards to keep in touch with people that they do not know well or they do not

15、see very often.9.Seniors may fear to leave cherished belongings behind or being unable to make friends in a new setting.10.Many people often handle these things separately and fail to see how they all relate to one another.同义词语替换1.The conference will also foster relations between the U.S.and Chinese

16、 governments by providing valuable research opportunities.promote/strengthen2.Try not to speak to him when he is absorbed in reading.is buried in3.The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.(2017全国)firm4.Standing on a stage in front of a group of people to deliver a s

17、peech certainly calls for great courage.give5.You can depend on her，who always keeps her promises.rely on/uponcompany n.公 司 ； 做 伴 ； 同 伴(1)keep sb. companyaccompany sb. 陪伴某人4in the company of在的陪伴下(2) accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与同时发生；为伴奏accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某地accompany sb. at/on.用为某人伴奏be accompanied wi

18、th/by与同时存在或发生；伴随(3)companion n.伙伴；同伴(1)Whats more，I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency，accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.(2018浙江)(2)While she was singing on the stage，her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano.(3)The disease is accompanied wi

19、th/by(伴随) sneezing and fever.(4)同义句改写 I shall accompany him to Beijing.He shall go to Beijing in the company of me.(company)易错点拨(1)accompany是及物动词，不要在其后误加介词 with，如不说：Thunder accompanies with lightning.但是，用于被动语态的 accompany后可接介词 with或 by。(2)accompany习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，如：He accompanied her to go to the st

20、ation.中应去掉 to go。deliver vt.递 送 ， 传 递 ； 发 表 演 说 等 ； 生 小 孩 儿 ； 接 生(1)deliver.to sb. 把传递给某人(deliver 后不跟双宾语)deliver a speech发表演说be delivered of(give birth to)生(2)delivery n.传递，递送，传送(1)On Sunday afternoon， I was reading my favorite book when the doorbell rang.It was a package delivered(deliver) to Mum.(

21、2018北京西城区质检)(2)The king delivered a speech(发表讲话) to the nation on November 5.(3)Would you deliver my message to your mother(传口信给你母亲)?图解助记5易错点拨 “接生”可表示为：deliver the baby使婴儿出生deliver the woman帮助孕妇分娩familiar adj.熟 悉 的 ； 常 见 的 ； 亲 近 的sb. be familiar with.某人对熟悉.be familiar to sb. 为某人熟悉(1)You seem to be f

22、amiliar with this city.I lived here for three years.Its so great to be back.(2018北京朝阳区二模)(2)同义句改写 Are you familiar with the computer software they use?Is the computer software they use familiar to you? (3)我相信，这些捐赠的书籍不仅会让你更加熟悉中国，而且会帮助提高你的中文。(2015天津)I believe these donated books will not only make you

23、 more familiar with China but also help enhance your Chinese.marry vt.嫁；娶；与结婚vi.结婚(1)marry sb. /oneself to sb. 让与结婚；把嫁给(2)married adj.已婚的；有配偶的be married to与结婚(表状态)get married to与结婚(表动作)(3)marriage n.结婚；婚姻6(1)Mr Green wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.(2)In a good marriage(marry)，both husban

24、d and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.(3)Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle down，get married(结婚)，and have kids.(2017天津)易错点拨 问某个人是否结婚，实际是要了解他(她)的婚姻状态，即已婚还是未婚，所以应用形容词 married(表示状态)，而不用 marry(表行为)，如将“她结婚没有？”译成英语是“Is she married？”不能是“Does she marry？”或“Has she marrie

25、d？” 。quarrel n.& vi.争 吵 ； 争 论 ； 吵 架(1)have a quarrel with sb. about/over sth因某事和某人争吵(2)quarrel with sb. about/over sth因某事和某人争吵(1)On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling(quarrel) and fighting.(2)Then they started shouting and yelling，and i

26、t turned into a horrible quarrel.(3)同义句改写 After they quarreled with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame.After they had a quarrel with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame.(quarrel n.)respect vt.尊重；尊敬n.尊重；尊敬；问候；方面(1)have/s

27、how respect for尊敬；尊重；重视in every respect/in all respects在各方面out of respect出于尊敬(2)respect sb. for sth因某事而尊重某人7(3)respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的respectable adj.可敬的；体面的respective adj.各自的(1)According to his students，he is a hard-working and respectable(respect) teacher.在学生眼里，他是一位勤勉可敬的老师。(2)He went to law schoo

28、l out of respect for his fathers wishes.他出于尊重父亲的愿望而去了法学院。(3)We should show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them.(2018湖北荆州模拟)我们应该尊重我们的父母，尽我们所能帮助他们。熟词生义 写出句子中 respect的汉语意思(4)In many respects the new version is not as good as the old one.方面易错点拨 respect 作“问候；敬意”讲时，常用复数形式。如：Give my

29、 respects to your parents.代我问候你的父母。separate v.把分开；分隔adj.分开的；单独的；独立的(1)separate A from B 把 A和 B分开divide.into.把分成(2)separation n.分开；分离；分居(1)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.(2018全国)去年冬天，当我再次去那里的时候，他们有一个很大的独立房屋来饲养许多鸡。(2)I separated the good a

30、pples from the bad ones and she divided the best into halves.我把好苹果和坏苹果分开，然后她把最好的分成了两半。熟词生义 选择句子中 separate的汉语意思8(3)Millies parents separated when she was five years old. C A.分类 B.区分 C.(夫妻或伴侣)分居treat n.招待；款待v.对待；治疗；款待；请客(1)treat sb. as.把某人看作treat sb. to sth招待某人吃；用款待某人treat sb. with.以方式对待某人(2)My treat.

31、我请客。(3)treatment n.治疗；处理；待遇under treatment在治疗中(1)Police say theyre treating it as a case of attempted murder.(2)It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.(2018浙江)(3)Weve got to treat people with respect and dignity.(4)She is now under treatment in a local hospital.b

32、reak up打 碎 ； 粉 碎 ， 破 碎 ； 解 散 ， 驱 散 ； 结 束 ； 分 手 ； 拆 开 ； 放 假break down出故障；垮掉；分解；谈判 破裂break in in 为介词 破门而入；打断break into强行闯入；突然起来 n.break out战争、火灾等 爆发；突然起来doingbreak away from脱离；挣脱写出下列句子中 break up的汉语意思(1)Police were called in to break up the meeting.解散，驱散(2)My girlfriend has broken up with me.分手(3)Sente

33、nces can be broken up into clauses.拆开(4)When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假(5)The ship broke up on the rocks.粉碎，破碎9bring up抚 养 ； 养 育 ； 教 养 ； 提 出 ； 呕 吐bring about引起；导致bring down降低；减少bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入bring out使显现；阐明；出版写出下列句子中 bring up的汉语意思(1)Her parents died when she was a bab

34、y and she was brought up by her aunt.抚养(2)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出(3)Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐depend on rely on依 靠 ； 依 赖 ； 取 决 于(1)depend on/upon sb. to do/doing.依靠某人做depend on sb. for sth依靠某人提供depend on/upon it that.指望；相信(2)It/That (all) depends.视情况而定。(1)Frozen

35、 bananas will last several weeks，depending(depend) on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.(2018全国)(2)There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on(完全依赖) the ratings in consumption.(2018江苏)(3)一句多译 你可以指望他来帮你。You can depend on/upon him to help you.You can depend on/upon him

36、helping you.You can depend on/upon it that he will help you.易错点拨 因为介词后不能直接跟 that引导的宾语从句，故 depend on/upon后跟 that从句时，先在介词后接 it，再跟 that从句，即 depend on/upon it that.。have.in common有 共 同 之 处in common共有；共用；共同in common with与一样common sense常识；情理It is common for sb. to do.某人做某事很平常。10(1)It is quite common for p

37、eople to do things like this.(2)For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming home to an empty house.All of them have something in common(有共同之处).(3)I must say，in common with(与一样) Helen，that I strongly oppose the proposal.(4)They had nothing in common(没有共同之处) with

38、me.(2017全国)make up编 造 ， 杜 撰 ； 组 成 ， 构 成 ； 化 妆 ； 补 上 ； 凑 数 ； 和 好 ； 占 make up for弥补；补偿be made up of由组成构成 be made of/from由制成be made into把制成be made out of由制成make it获得成功；约定时间写出下列句子中 make up的汉语意思(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成(2)I think its very unkin

39、d of you to make up stories about him.编造(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上(5)They had a violent quarrel yesterday，but quickly made up again.和好(6)一句多译 我们班由 56名同学组成。Our class is made up of 56 students.(be made up of)56 st

40、udents make up our class.(make up)Our class consists of 56 students.(consist of)Our class is composed of 56 students.(be composed of)易错点拨 make up表示“组成，构成”时，其被动语态为 be made up of，而不是 be made up by。relate to涉 及 ； 和 相 关 ； 谈 到 ； 理 解(1) relate v.有关；涉及；使联系；讲述，叙述relate.to.把和联系起来11(2)related adj.有关的；相关的(be)

41、related to有关系的；有关联的(3)relation n.关系；联系；亲属in relation to关于；与相比(1)Deeply related to the matters，he has to answer all the related questions.(relate)(2)Your statement doesnt relate well to the facts.(3)I have nothing to say in relation to(关于；relation)that matter.However busy we may be，we should spare so

42、me time to accompany our parents.无论我们可能会多忙，我们都应该抽出时间来陪陪父母。句 型 ： “疑 问 词 ever”引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句(1)whenever，wherever，however 引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter when/where/how。(2)“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。(3)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter what/who/which/whom

43、。(1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018全国)锻炼使你更清醒，无论这一天发生什么，都能够让你做好准备去应对。(2)一句多译 无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。However far away we are，we feel close to each other.(however)No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(no matter how)(3)这

44、个故事的寓意是：无论处境可能有多困难，我们都应该不遗余力地获取知识，并且永远不要轻易气馁。(2015福建)The moral of the story is：we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.12The more friends we have，the more pleasure we can gain.我们拥有的朋友越多，我们能获得的快乐也就越多。句 型 ： th

45、e 比 较 级 .， the 比 较 级 .(1)“the比较级.，the比较级.”意为“越就越” ，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看，第一个“the比较级.”是表示条件的状语从句，第二个“the比较级.”是主句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。(3)本结构中常用省略结构。(1)The more，the better.越多越好。(2)The more difficult the questions are，the less likely he is to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就

46、越小。(3)同义句改写 If you study harder，you will make greater progress in your study.(用“the比较级.，the比较级.”改写)The harder you study，the greater progress you will make in your study.Born into a family with three brothers，Tom was brought up to value the sense of sharing.出生在有三个哥哥的家庭里，汤姆从小就被培养重视分享的意识。句 型 ： 过 去 分 词

47、短 语 作 状 语过去分词短语在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。(1)Built of steel，this machine has a greater strength.由于这台机器是用钢造的，它具有更大的强度。(2)Stopped by the guard，he produced his identity card.当被卫兵拦住后，他出示了自己的身份证。句式升级(3)The woman scientist entered th

48、e room，who was followed by her assistants.The woman scientist entered the room，followed by her assistants.(4)The book was clearly and thoughtfully written， and it inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.13Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in stu

49、dents who wish to seek their own answers.(2017全国，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to th