2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit19Language讲义北师大版选修7.doc

1、1Unit 19 Language(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1explicit adj. 明确的；清楚的2transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的3ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的4certificate n 纵联 1 证书；证明5competence n. 纵联 1 能力6diploma n. 毕业证书7stewardess n. 纵联 2 女乘务员8steward n 纵联 2 男乘务员9amateur adj. 业余的.重点单词写其形1nationwide adv. 全国性地2thankful adj. 高兴的；感谢的3attain vt. 达到；获得4ens

2、ure vt. 纵联 3 保证，确保5accelerate vt. boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are gre

3、ater than you ever dreamed.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：acquisition选择加黑词的词义：A.保证书 B保证 C抵押品_B_，用 guarantee 作动词改写加黑词所在分句：boldness_in_itself_cant_guarantee_success写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：competence，加黑词所在短语 beyond your ability 意为超出你的能力3(2015北京高考阅读 C)Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to ma

4、ke all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear： for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process.When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.

5、写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：explicit写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：enlarge，该动词的前缀为 en，以 en为前缀的常见动词还有 enrich,_enable,_encourage 等写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：transparent高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018浙江高考书面表达)我学习英语已经 10 年了，我能说一口流利的英语，因此我能保证在向学生介绍中国的时候没有困难。(fluency, ensure)Ive_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_I_can_speak_English_with_fluen

6、cy,_so_I_can_ensure_that_I_have_no_trouble_introducing_China_to_students.2(2016全国卷书面表达)我已经写好简历，但是由于是第一次作为申请人写申请书，所以我给你写信是希望你能给予我一些帮助。如果那样的话我将不胜感激。(applicant, thankful)I_have_already_finished_my_resume.But_this_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_written_an_application_as_an_applicant,_so_Im_writing_to_you

7、,_hoping_you_can_giv5e_me_some_help.I_will_be_very_thankful_if_you_can_do_me_the_favor.3(2015江苏高考书面表达)事实上，交通规则是规章制度的一部分，与公众秩序紧密相关。如果没有它们，人们不可能享受到和谐，或者整个国家也会处于混乱中。但只有规则是不能保证一个有序的社会，只有人们服从规则才会变的重要。(regulation, guarantee)In_fact,_traffic_rules_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_closely_related_to_pu

8、blic_order._Without_them,_people_could_not_enjoy_harmony_or_the_country_would_be_in_chaos._But_rules_alone_dont_guarantee_an_orderly_society._It_is_the_people_who_obey_the_rules_that_matter.(二)课堂重点释疑1absence n 不在，缺席；缺乏，没有记牢(1)absence from . 缺席；离开absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence in the absence of

9、sb.在某人不在的时候(2)absent adj. 缺席的；茫然的absentminded adj. 心不在焉的be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少练通 单句语法填空The little girl often takes the responsibility to look after her young brother in the absence of her parents.It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.Hopef

10、ully，the robot like human beings will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 句型转换Her absence from the meeting caused lots of doubts.That she was absent from the meeting caused lots of doubts.He acted as chairman in my absence.He acted as chairman in the absence of me.

11、完成句子6The mistake was made due to his absence_of_mind.他因心不在焉才犯了这个错误。While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to get absentminded.当我们在 WatchedPot Wait 的时候，往往会心不在焉。写美(2014北京高考书面表达)我很遗憾地告诉你，因为我左脚受伤我可能缺席。Im_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I_can_be_absent_from_it,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured.2surround vt.环绕，围绕；

12、包围记牢(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth. 用某人/某物包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境；气氛练通 单句语法填空The experiment is carried out to prove the earth is surrounded by/with a layer of air called the atmosphere.When I headed toward the centre, I foun

13、d myself surrounded (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.Only if we take good care of the surrounding trees and rivers can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.(surround)I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creati

14、ve people.用准 surroundings 意为“周围的事物；环境；气氛”时为复数形式。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)令我非常高兴的是，一个漂亮的新体育场建成了，周围环境优美。To_my_great_joy,_a_wonderful_new_gymnasium_has_been_built_up_with_beautiful_surroundings_around_it.3inform vt.告知；通知记牢(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb.that . 告知某人7(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的keep sb.

15、informed of sth. 使某人知道某事(3)information n U 信息练通 单句语法填空The Internet keeps us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.The main thing is to inform the public about/of it so that people learn what is needed to be done.In fact, the aim of reading is to express the information (inform)

16、 you have got from the text. 完成句子A month ago, our_teacher_informed_us_that we would take the test on April 12th.一个月前，老师通知我们 4 月 12 日考试。We try and keep_ourselves_informed_of current trends.我们设法随时了解形势的发展。写美My cousin informed me of his return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the air

17、port with his family.(用复合句和现在分词短语作状语改写句子)My_cousin_informed_me_that_he_would_return_this_Saturday_morning,_asking_me_to_pick_him_up_at_the_airport_with_his_family.4purchase vt.购买 n.购买；购买力记牢(1)purchase sth.from sb. 从某人那里买到某物(2)make a purchase 购买on special purchase 特价出售练通 完成句子Many commercial websites

18、have a red “Buy Now” button to encourage people to make_a_purchase.为了鼓励人们购买，许多商业网站都有一个红色的“现在就买”的按钮。The equipment can_be_purchased_from your local supplier. 这种设备可以从您当地的供应商那里购买。8These goods are on_special_purchase,_so the sooner the better.这些商品在特价销售，所以越快购买越好。用准 make a purchase 意为“购买”时，purchase 为可数名词，所

19、以要加冠词a。写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)无论我在网上购买什么商品，我都倾向于参考消费评级。I_tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings_whatever_I_purchase_on_the_Internet.5embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难记牢(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的be embarrassed at/about 对感到为难/尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassment n

20、. 困窘，难堪to ones embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是练通 单句语法填空One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention.He told a rather rude joke, and everyone

21、 present looked embarrassed (embarrass) 完成句子It_embarrassed_me_to_meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。Much_to_her_embarrassment,_she realized that everyone was staring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。写美She felt embarrassed by so much praise and rose from her s

22、eat and left quietly.(用过去分词短语作状语)9Embarrassed_by_so_much_praise,_she_rose_from_her_seat_and_left_quietly.6resemble vt.像；与相似记牢(1)resemble sb./sth. in . 在方面与某人/物相似 (2)resemblance n. 相似练通 完成句子She resembles her mother in_character but not in_appearance.她性格像她母亲，但样貌不像。The_resemblance_between_the_two_signa

23、tures was remarkable.两个签名的相似之处非常明显。用准 resemble 不能用于进行时，也没有被动语态。写美Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you are similar to a famous star in appearance.(用 resemble 改写)Looking_at_the_photos_that_you_have_posted_me,_I_am_amazed_that_how_closely_you_resemble_a_famous

24、_star_in_appearance.7adequate adj.足够的，充分的；胜任的记牢be adequate for 足够，对来说是足够的be adequate to (do) sth. 胜任(做)某事；足够(做)某事练通 单句语法填空A bit too old as he is, he is still adequate to the work.The information available on the Internet is adequate for our needs.Is your salary adequate to_support (support) your fam

25、ily？写美(2018全国卷书面表达)因此，你可以和朋友的家人一起准备晚餐你不需要做任何事情，和他们在一起就足够了。Thus,_you_can_join_your_friends_families_to_prepare_the_dinner_you_neednt_do_anything,_and_just_being_with_them_is_fair_adequate.8negotiate vt.谈判；协商记牢(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth. 与某人商谈某事(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商，洽谈under negotiation 在商谈中1

26、0练通 单句语法填空/句型转换We have been negotiating with the manager for/about improving the salary.We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation (negotiate)He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.He asked me to tell you that the contract was under negotiation.写美(2017北京高考书

27、面表达)如果你是外国游客，那就和导游商量一下你在景区的住宿。If_youre_a_foreign_tourist,_you_will_negotiate_with_the_guide_about_your_accommodations_in_the_scenic_spot.9guarantee vt.保证；担保 n.保证；保证书；抵押品记牢(1)Error! 保证某人得到某物guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb.a guarantee (that .) 向某

28、人保证()练通 单句语法填空I guarantee to_finish (finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens.This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to_make (make) him angry.The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 完成句子Temporary extension of two years will guarantee_scien

29、tists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.临时延长两年将保证科学家有足够的时间。Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？用准 如果表示“保证某人做某事” ，guarantee 不能用于 guarantee sb. to do .，只能用于 guarantee to do .或 guarantee that .。写美(2018北京高考书面表达)首先，我要对你表示最热烈的欢迎，我保证你在北京的11大学期间会有最

30、难忘的经历。Firstly,_I_would_like_to_express_my_warmest_welcome_to_you_and_I_guarantee_that_you_will_have_the_most_unforgettable_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.10adjust vt.调节；调整；整理 vi.适应辨清 写出下列句中 adjust 的含义The body can adjust itself to the change of temperature. 调节Watch out for sharp bends and

31、adjust your speed accordingly. 调整Once youve adjusted to your new independence you may find you can go further. 适应记牢(1)adjust to 适应于adjust sth. to sth. 调整以适应adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to . 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应make an adjustment/adjustments to .对作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调节

32、的，可调整的练通 单句语法填空If you adjust to someone, the person will begin to feel that you are with him on the same wave.With the continuous changes of job market, I made adjustments (adjust) to my job expectations time and again.You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.A chair with adjustab

33、le (adjust) height is beneficial to your health. 完成句子In the new term, most students adjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environment very quickly.在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了他们的新环境。I heard that the company would make_an_adjustment_to_your_salary.12我听说公司将对你的薪金作出调整。用准 在 adjust to .中，to 为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。写美(2014天津高考

34、书面表达)然而，虽然天气、食物与你以往有所不同，我相信你会很快适应的。However,_I_think_that_you_will_quickly_adjust_to_the_weather_and_the_food_although_they_are_different_from_yours.11congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜记牢(1)congratulate sb. onError! 就向某人祝贺congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜offer/send o

35、nes congratulations to sb.(on sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺练通 单句语法填空The manager congratulated the employees on their great efforts.I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success. 完成句子/一句多译我由衷地为自己有这么知识渊博的父母而感到高兴。I heartily congratulate_myself_on having such profound parents.我们祝贺你们通过了

36、高考。We congratulate_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)We offer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)用准 congratulate“祝贺；道贺” ，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon 连接，构成 congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”

37、，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语写美(2017天津高考书面表达)我为自己成为 8 月底在天津举办的第 13 届全运会志愿者13而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1If you witness the accident, please inform (通知) the police.2His comprehensive surveys have provided the mo

38、st explicit (清楚的) statements.3Exposure to the sun can accelerate (加快) the ageing process.4He was absent (缺席的) from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.5Police will have the pictures enlarged (扩大) in an attempt to identify the thief.6After discussing it with my teacher, I made a f

39、ew adjustments (调整) to my original design.7They agreed to go merely (仅仅) because they were getting paid for it.8The couple was very thankful (感谢的) and praised him for his honesty.9I appreciate your hard work, but I can not give you a guarantee (保证) that you will surely get promoted.10An evening part

40、y was held to congratulate (祝贺) my classmate on his winning the English contest.单句语法填空1Was your knowledge of the languages adequate for the job?2Its difficult to tell the plant from others because it resembles grass in appearance.3We must think twice before we decide to make a purchase on the Intern

41、et.4We negotiated with the school administration about the tuition increase.5The whole family congratulated Jack on being admitted to the key university.6The cell phone will be repaired free when it is under guarantee without human damage.7Surrounded (surround) by a lake, the building looks very bea

42、utiful under the lights at night.148If she wants to settle in an Englishspeaking country, she must adjust herself (her) to English life.9As a monitor, I would keep you informed (inform) of what happened in the classroom every day.10It is rather embarrassing (embarrass) that we still do not know how

43、many species there are in the world today.单句改错1Our coach is negotiating to the headmaster for the use of their gym. towith2The boy is poor, to whom love was totally absent of his childhood. offrom3She was always calm and never seemed embarrassing. embarrassingembarrassed4You must measure the length

44、accurate in order to get the number. accurateaccurately5It keeps us informing of what has happened both national and international news. informinginformed.完成句子1The trade agreement is still under_negotiation among members of WTO.世贸组织的成员国之间正在讨论这个商业协定。2The manager required that he (should)_be_informed_

45、of_the_latest_developments.经理要求把最新的进展情况通知他。3It made his boss angry that he_was_absent_from_the_meeting so many times.他多次缺席会议使他的老板很生气。4We offered/sent_our_congratulations_to_him_on his success in business.我们祝贺他生意兴隆。5Much_to_her_embarrassment,_all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.令她非

46、常尴尬的是，她所有的朋友都拒绝参加她的生日聚会。15(一)课前自主学习1keep_in_mind 串记 1 记住2be_aware_of 意识到，觉察到，明白3rely_on 依靠；依赖4adjust_.to_. 调整以适应5on_purpose 串记 2 故意地6regardless_of 不管；不顾7on_the_other_hand 另一方面8get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步9take_the_form_of 以的形式出现(存在)10inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事11consist_of 串记 3 由组成/构成12catch_on 学会；受欢迎13congrat

47、ulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺14I_bet 我肯定15more_than 串记 4 不仅仅；超过16stand_out 出色；突出同根短语串记串记 1.mind 短语个个清make up ones mind 下决心 bear/keep in mind 记住change ones mind 改变主意come to mind 突然记起或想到串记 2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少purposely adv. 故意地，蓄意地deliberately adv. 有意地，故意地intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地by design 故意地，有意地on purpose 有

48、目的地，有意地串记 3.盘点“组成”短语16consist of make upbe made up of be composed of串记 4.与 than 有关的短语more than 超过；不止；不仅仅是no more than 仅仅；只不过not more than 至多；不超过other than 除了rather than 不愿；而不是more .than . 比更less than 少于1jump for joy 欢呼雀跃2be in a state of unrest 处于不安的状态3the school curriculum 学校课程4outside of the classroom 课外5an Englishspeaking country 一个讲英语的国家6make a circle with his fingers 用他的手指做一个圈7a native language environment 本地语言环境