GA 515-1999 Gypsum Board A Key to a Quieter Home《石膏板是家庭静音的关键》.pdf

1、The information for these systems is based on characteristics, properties, and performance ofmaterials and systems obtained under controlled test conditions as set forth in the appropri-ate standards in effect at the time of the test. The Gypsum Association makes no warrantiesor other representation

2、s as to the characteristics, properties, or performance of any materialsor systems in actual construction.odays homeowners are demanding effective sound control capabilitiesfrom their new and remodeled homes. As the excessive noise of ourautomated society rises, so do the concerns of consumers, who

3、wanttheir homes to be a haven from noise produced outside and within thehome. For example, rising population densities, and the ever-growing level ofnoise from traffic, sirens, and the multitude of household appliances place a pre-mium on sound control. Often, even normal conversations can be heard

4、fromroom to room through thinly constructed walls; but at the end of a hectic day whowants to retreat home to a house full of unwanted noise?Fortunately, more and more builders are addressing the demand by consumers forimproved sound construction. New construction is beginning to reflect this change

5、in attitude through the incorporation of noise control construction techniquesdesigned to reduce the quantity, and volume, of noise that is transmitted throughwalls, ceilings, and structural elements. Many builders and designers are alreadyaware of the added value and benefits of upgrading from the

6、bare minimum require-ments of the building codes.Gypsum board, or drywall, a familiar and versatile building material, is being usedincreasingly to control noise and reduce sound transmission. One of the best valuesin any economy, gypsum board represents about 3% of the total cost of a homewhile pro

7、viding about 80% of the visible interior. There is no need to skimp onthis cost-effective building material when a modest additional amount can renderappreciable benefits. These benefits include enhanced fire resistance, improvedlong-term durability, and added sound attenuation. Additionally, gypsum

8、 boardsound control upgrades can enhance builder profits and play a positive role in abuilders image and brand identity.Noise from lawn mowers, traffic, etc., is reduced when gypsum board is used on exterior wallsand ceilings. Unwanted noise from TVs, radios, and distracting conversations is also dr

9、amati-cally reduced or eliminated when gypsum board is used on interior partitions and ceilings.SYSTEM A - STC RATING = 59Resilient channels placed 24 inches on center and attached to one side of woodstuds, 16 inches on center. A base layer of 5/8-inch type X gypsum board applied tothe channels with

10、 1-inch Type S drywall screws placed 12 inches on center. A facelayer of 5/8-inch type X gypsum board applied with 3/4-inch daubs of adhesive 12inches on center vertically and horizontally. Opposite Side. A base layer of 5/8-inchtype X gypsum board applied with 5d nails 32 inches on center. A second

11、 layer of1/2-inch type X gypsum board applied with 8d nails 12 inches on center. A facelayer of 1/4-inch regular gypsum board applied with 3/4-inch daubs of adhesive 12inches on center vertically and horizontally; 2-inch glass fiber insulation stapled tothe 3-layer side in the stud space.Test refere

12、nce: RAL TL69-286, GA File No. WP 3110.SYSTEM B - STC RATING = 50Resilient channels placed 24 inches on center and attached to one side of 2 x 4 woodstuds, 16 inches on center. One layer of 5/8-inch type X gypsum board applied tothe channels with 1-inch Type S drywall screws placed 6 inches at horiz

13、ontal jointsand 12 inches on center at intermediate channels. Opposite Side. One layer of 5/8-inch type X gypsum board applied to the studs with 6d nails 8 inches on center.31/2-inch glass fiber insulation placed in the stud space.Test reference: RAL TL77-138, GA File No. WP 3230.SYSTEM C - STC RATI

14、NG = 45A base layer of 1/2-inch gypsum board applied to each side of 2 x 4 wood studs, 16inches on center with 5d nails 24 inches on center. A face layer of 1/2-inch type Xgypsum board applied to each side with 8d nails 12 inches on center at verticaljoints and 24 inches on center at intermediate st

15、uds.Test reference: KG 196, CONC 1.2.1.2.4.12.SYSTEM D - STC RATING = 30One layer of 1/2-inch regular gypsum board applied to each side of 2 x 4 woodstuds, 16 inches on center with 5d nails 8 inches on center.Test reference: NRC #66, CONC 1.2.1.1.4.1.n Improved sound control can be achievedwhen a ho

16、mes interior walls and ceilings arefinished with multiple layers of gypsum board.n Gypsum board area separation walls used inmulti-family and townhouse construction providea high degree of sound isolation.TWOOD-FRAMED WALL SYSTEMSThe interior walls of most homes have an STC of about 35.ADCBGYPSUM AS

17、SOCIATION810 First Street NE, #510 Washington, DC 20002 Tel: 202-289-5440 Fax: 202-289-3707 www.gypsum.org810 First Street NE, #510 Washington, DC 20002 Tel: 202-289-5440 Fax: 202-289-3707 www.gypsum.orgGYPSUMASSOCIATIONGYPSUM BOARDGYPS BOA Key To A Quieter Home!HVAC DuctsAdding mass to walls in the

18、 form of gypsum board, filling the wall cavity with insulation, and decoupling one side of the wall using resilient channels or staggeredstuds, provide the essentials for an effective sound control wall system. For rea-sons of cost, disruption, and effectiveness, it is best to specify the design of

19、thesound control system during the design phase of new homes or major renovations.For any sound control system, high quality construction practices must be followed toensure the system performs as intended. For example, sealing all gaps around electri-cal outlets, plumbing fixtures, and doors and wi

20、ndows with flexible caulk will stop thepassage of air and drafts that also transmit sound waves. Electrical outlets and switch-es should not be placed back to back, but should be staggered in the cavities to inhibita direct path for sound to travel from room to room. Properly caulking the perimeter

21、ofeach wall is equally important. Sound waves will seek all penetration points in a room,so the importance of sealing the perimeter gaps must be emphasized.It is widely recognized that an STC of 50 is a minimum acceptable level for separa-tions between apartments, town homes, and condominiums in mul

22、ti-family hous-ing. STCs over 55 are considered excellent. As shown by the examples that follow,gypsum board systems consisting of a combination of decoupling, additional mass,and insulation can achieve an STC rating of over 55.The systems on the back page of this document illustrate construction me

23、thods toachieve higher STC ratings and will provide home owners and home builders withguidelines for selecting a satisfactory combination of sound control techniques.Sound test reports are available from the Gypsum Association for a nominal charge.n The trend to in-home offices and homeentertainment

24、 rooms is creating a moresound control conscious consumer.ound is generated by vibrations resulting in what are commonlyreferred to as “sound waves.” Sound waves can be airborne, struc-ture-borne, or a combination of both. Airborne sound travels inthe form of waves through the air such as those gene

25、rated byspeech or the whistle of a kettle. Structure-borne sound is createdwhen a wall or floor is made to vibrate by direct contact with amechanical device, such as a stereo speaker, washing machine, or footstep.Perhaps the most common type of noise is a combination of airborne and struc-ture-borne

26、. For example, a stereo speaker emits airborne sound and the speakercabinet can be set in motion as the speaker reverberates, causing the floor tovibrate. The vibrating floor then transmits the sound to other rooms and floors inthe same building. Airborne sound also travels around walls and through

27、“flankingpaths” such as doors, windows, and electrical boxes.The amount of sound transmission that is eliminated by a wall, or floor and ceil-ing, is stated numerically as an “STC rating” (sound transmission class). The high-er the STC rating, the more effective is the systems sound-controlling abil

28、ities. AnSTC of over 50 is considered very good. An average partition wall constructed of 2x 4 wood studs and one layer of 1/2“ regular gypsum board applied to each side hasan STC of around 30. However, higher STCs can be achieved by adding an extralayer of easy-to-install gypsum board. The construc

29、tion details shown on theback of this brochure illustrate that it is not difficult to achieve an STC of 50 orhigher with gypsum board construction.A combination of materials is best to reduce noise levels because sound is madeup of a wide variety of frequencies. Various frequency ranges are best con

30、trolledby particular construction methods. Some frequencies are best controlled by addi-tional insulation; others are better controlled by the additional mass of gypsumboard; others may be more effectively controlled by decoupling the structural elements that transmit sound.The additional thickness,

31、 density, and weight of 5/8“ gypsum board over 1/2“ gypsumboard is extremely beneficial in attaining improved sound control.n An existing home can be made more live-able through improved sound control. This is anatural for new rooms or upgrading of base-ments, garages, or attics into new living spac

32、e.Adding an extra layer of gypsum board on each side of adecoupled wall will improve the sound rating substantially.Increase the physical mass of the wall or ceiling by adding a layer of gypsum board.Decouple one side of the wall with resilient channels or staggered studs.Incorporate sound absorbing

33、 material into the wall cavity.Seal flanking paths.FOUR KEYS TO SOUND CONTROL1234JointsElectrical OutletsPlumbingn Minimize wall penetrations. Where they doexist, ensure that they are adequately sealedto prevent unwanted sound intrusion.SHVAC DuctsAdding mass to walls in the form of gypsum board, fi

34、lling the wall cavity with insulation, and decoupling one side of the wall using resilient channels or staggeredstuds, provide the essentials for an effective sound control wall system. For rea-sons of cost, disruption, and effectiveness, it is best to specify the design of thesound control system d

35、uring the design phase of new homes or major renovations.For any sound control system, high quality construction practices must be followed toensure the system performs as intended. For example, sealing all gaps around electri-cal outlets, plumbing fixtures, and doors and windows with flexible caulk

36、 will stop thepassage of air and drafts that also transmit sound waves. Electrical outlets and switch-es should not be placed back to back, but should be staggered in the cavities to inhibita direct path for sound to travel from room to room. Properly caulking the perimeter ofeach wall is equally im

37、portant. Sound waves will seek all penetration points in a room,so the importance of sealing the perimeter gaps must be emphasized.It is widely recognized that an STC of 50 is a minimum acceptable level for separa-tions between apartments, town homes, and condominiums in multi-family hous-ing. STCs

38、over 55 are considered excellent. As shown by the examples that follow,gypsum board systems consisting of a combination of decoupling, additional mass,and insulation can achieve an STC rating of over 55.The systems on the back page of this document illustrate construction methods toachieve higher ST

39、C ratings and will provide home owners and home builders withguidelines for selecting a satisfactory combination of sound control techniques.Sound test reports are available from the Gypsum Association for a nominal charge.n The trend to in-home offices and homeentertainment rooms is creating a more

40、sound control conscious consumer.ound is generated by vibrations resulting in what are commonlyreferred to as “sound waves.” Sound waves can be airborne, struc-ture-borne, or a combination of both. Airborne sound travels inthe form of waves through the air such as those generated byspeech or the whi

41、stle of a kettle. Structure-borne sound is createdwhen a wall or floor is made to vibrate by direct contact with amechanical device, such as a stereo speaker, washing machine, or footstep.Perhaps the most common type of noise is a combination of airborne and struc-ture-borne. For example, a stereo s

42、peaker emits airborne sound and the speakercabinet can be set in motion as the speaker reverberates, causing the floor tovibrate. The vibrating floor then transmits the sound to other rooms and floors inthe same building. Airborne sound also travels around walls and through “flankingpaths” such as d

43、oors, windows, and electrical boxes.The amount of sound transmission that is eliminated by a wall, or floor and ceil-ing, is stated numerically as an “STC rating” (sound transmission class). The high-er the STC rating, the more effective is the systems sound-controlling abilities. AnSTC of over 50 i

44、s considered very good. An average partition wall constructed of 2x 4 wood studs and one layer of 1/2“ regular gypsum board applied to each side hasan STC of around 30. However, higher STCs can be achieved by adding an extralayer of easy-to-install gypsum board. The construction details shown on the

45、back of this brochure illustrate that it is not difficult to achieve an STC of 50 orhigher with gypsum board construction.A combination of materials is best to reduce noise levels because sound is madeup of a wide variety of frequencies. Various frequency ranges are best controlledby particular cons

46、truction methods. Some frequencies are best controlled by addi-tional insulation; others are better controlled by the additional mass of gypsumboard; others may be more effectively controlled by decoupling the structural elements that transmit sound.The additional thickness, density, and weight of 5

47、/8“ gypsum board over 1/2“ gypsumboard is extremely beneficial in attaining improved sound control.n An existing home can be made more live-able through improved sound control. This is anatural for new rooms or upgrading of base-ments, garages, or attics into new living space.Adding an extra layer o

48、f gypsum board on each side of adecoupled wall will improve the sound rating substantially.Increase the physical mass of the wall or ceiling by adding a layer of gypsum board.Decouple one side of the wall with resilient channels or staggered studs.Incorporate sound absorbing material into the wall c

49、avity.Seal flanking paths.FOUR KEYS TO SOUND CONTROL1234JointsElectrical OutletsPlumbingn Minimize wall penetrations. Where they doexist, ensure that they are adequately sealedto prevent unwanted sound intrusion.SThe information for these systems is based on characteristics, properties, and performance ofmaterials and systems obtained under controlled test conditions as set forth in the appropri-ate standards in effect at the time of the test. The Gypsum Association makes no warrantiesor other representations as to the characteristics, properties, or performance of any mat