IEC 60050-121-1998 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 121 Electromagnetism《国际电工词汇 第121部分 电磁学》.pdf

1、NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60050121 Deuximedition Secondedition 199808 VocabulaireElectrotechniqueInternational Partie121: Electromagntisme InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary Part121: Electromagnetism Numroderfrence Referencenumber CEI/IEC60050121:1998NORME INTERNATIONA

2、LE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60050121 Deuximedition Secondedition 199808 VocabulaireElectrotechniqueInternational Partie121: Electromagntisme InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary Part121: Electromagnetism CommissionElectrotechniqueInternationale InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission Pourpr

3、ix,voircatalogueenvigueur Forprice,seecurrentcatalogue IEC1998Droitsdereproductionrservs Copyrightallrightsreserved Aucunepartiedecettepublicationnepeuttrereproduiteni utilisesous quelqueformequecesoitetparaucun procd,lectroniqueoumcanique,ycomprislaphoto copieetlesmicrofilms,sanslaccordcritdelditeu

4、r. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorut ilizedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissionin writingfromthepublisher. InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission 3,ruedeVarembGeneva,Switzerland Telefax:+41229190300 email:inmailiec.ch IECwebsite

5、http:/www.iec.ch CODEPRIX PRICECODE XCII 60050121 CEI:1998 SOMMAIRE Pages AVANTPROPOS . . IV Section 12111 Notionsetgrandeurslectromagntiques. 1 12112 Propritslectromagntiquesdesmatriaux 48 12113 Conductionlectrique 97 LISTEDESSYMBOLES. . 108 INDEX enfranais,anglais,arabe,allemand,espagnol,japonais,

6、polonais,portugais etsudois . . 10960050121 IEC:1998 III CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . V Section 12111 Electromagneticconceptsandquantities 1 12112 Electromagneticpropertiesofmaterials 48 12113 Electricconduction . 97 LISTOFSYMBOLS . 108 INDEX inFrench,English,Arabic,German,Spanish,Japanese,Polish,Portug

7、uese andSwedish 10 9IV 60050121 CEI:1998 COMMISSIONLECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONALE VOCABULAIRELECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONAL PARTIE121:LECTROMAGNTISME AVANTPROPOS 1) LaCEI(CommissionElectrotechniqueInternationale)estuneorganisationmondialedenormalisationcompose delensembledescomitslectrotechniquesnation

8、aux(ComitsnationauxdelaCEI).LaCEIapourobjetde favoriserlacooprationinternationalepourtouteslesquestionsdenormalisationdanslesdomainesde llectricitetdellectronique.Aceteffet,laCEI,entreautresactivits,publiedesNormesinternationales. Leurlaborationestconfiedescomitsdtudes,auxtravauxdesquelstoutComitnat

9、ionalintressparle sujettraitpeutparticiper.Lesorganisationsinternationales,gouvernementalesetnongouvernementales,en liaisonaveclaCEI,participentgalementauxtravaux.LaCEIcollaboretroitementaveclOrganisation InternationaledeNormalisation(ISO),selondesconditionsfixesparaccordentrelesdeuxorganisations. 2

10、) LesdcisionsouaccordsofficielsdelaCEIconcernantlesquestionstechniquesreprsentent,danslamesure dupossibleunaccordinternationalsurlessujetstudis,tantdonnquelesComitsnationauxintresss sontreprsentsdanschaquecomitdtudes. 3) Lesdocumentsproduitsseprsententsouslaformederecommandationsinternationales.Ilss

11、ontpublis commenormes,rapportstechniquesouguidesetagrscommetelsparlesComitsnationaux. 4) Danslebutdencouragerlunificationinternationale,lesComitsnationauxdelaCEIsengagentappliquerde faontransparente,danstoutelamesurepossible,lesNormesinternationalesdelaCEIdansleursnormes nationalesetrgionales.Touted

12、ivergenceentrelanormedelaCEIetlanormenationaleourgionale correspondantedoittreindiqueentermesclairsdanscettedernire. 5) LaCEInafixaucuneprocdureconcernantlemarquagecommeindicationdapprobationetsaresponsabilit nestpasengagequandunmatrielestdclarconformelunedesesnormes. 6) Lattentionestattiresurlefait

13、quecertainsdeslmentsdelaprsenteNormeinternationalepeuventfaire lobjetdedroitsdepropritintellectuelleoudedroitsanalogues.LaCEInesauraittretenuepour responsabledenepasavoiridentifidetelsdroitsdepropritetdenepasavoirsignalleurexistence. LaprsenteNormeinternationaleattablieparleGT100ducomitdtudes1:Termi

14、nolgie. Cettedeuximeditionannuleetremplacelapremireditionparueen1978. Letextedecettenormeestissudesdocumentssuivants: FDIS Rapportdevote 1/1653/FDIS 1/1663/RVD Lerapportdevoteindiqudansletableaucidessusdonnetouteinformationsurlevoteayant aboutilapprobationdecettenorme. DanslaprsentepartieduVEIlester

15、mesetdfinitionssontdonnsendeuxlangues,le franaisetlanglais:deplus,lestermessontindiqusenarabe(ar),allemand(de),espagnol (es),italien(it),japonais(ja),polonais(pl),portugais(pt)etsudois(sv).60050121 IEC:1998 V INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALVOCABULARY PART121:ELE

16、CTROMAGNETISM FOREWORD 1) TheIEC(InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprising allnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectoftheIECistopromote internationalcooperationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandele

17、ctronicfields.To thisendandinadditiontootheractivities,theIECpublishesInternationalStandards.Theirpreparationis entrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmay participateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnongovernmentalorganizationsliaising

18、withtheIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.TheIECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganization forStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwo organizations. 2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsoftheIEContechnicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,an internation

19、alconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtechnicalcommitteehasrepresentation fromallinterestedNationalCommittees. 3) Thedocumentsproducedhavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandarepublishedintheform ofstandards,technicalreportsorguidesandtheyareacceptedbytheNationalCommitteesintha

20、tsense. 4) Inordertopromoteinternationalunification,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECInternational Standardstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalstandards.Any divergencebetweentheIECStandardandthecorrespondingnationalorregionalstandardshallbeclearly indicatedinthel

21、atter. 5) TheIECprovidesnomarkingproceduretoindicateitsapprovalandcannotberenderedresponsibleforany equipmentdeclaredtobeinconformitywithoneofitsstandards. 6) AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubject ofpatentrights.TheIECshallnotbeheldresponsibl

22、eforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. ThisInternationalStandardhasbeenpreparedbyWG100ofIECtechnicalcommittee1:Terminology. Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirsteditionpublishedin1978. Thetextofthisstandardisbasedonthefollowingdocuments: FDIS Reportonvoting 1/1653/FDIS 1/1663/RVD Fullinforma

23、tiononthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereporton votingindicatedintheabovetable. InthisIEVpart,thetermsanddefinitionsarewrittenintwolanguages:FrenchandEnglish, andfurthermore,thetermsinArabic(ar),German(de),Spanish(es),Italian(it),Japanese(ja), Polish(pl),Portuguese(pt)andSwedish(s

24、v)respectivelyareindicated.60050121 IEC:1998 1 SECTION12111:NOTIONSETGRANDEURSLECTROMAGNTIQUES SECTION12111:ELECTROMAGNETICCONCEPTSANDQUANTITIES 1211101 chargelectrique ,f (symbole: Q) quantitdlectricit (termedsuet) grandeurscalaireadditive,associeauxparticuleslmentairesetlamatire macroscopique,quic

25、aractriseleursinteractionslectromagntiques1111343 NOTE1Lachargelectriqueestsoumiseuneloideconservation. NOTE2LeschargeslectriquesobissentlaloideCoulomb. electriccharge (symbol: Q) quantityofelectricity (obsolete) additivescalarquantity,associatedwithelementaryparticlesandwithmacroscopic matterthatch

26、aracterizestheirelectromagneticinteractions1111343 NOTE1 Electricchargeissubjecttoaconservationlaw. NOTE2 ElectricchargesobeytheCoulomblaw. ar ; de elektrischeLadung es cargaelctrica (smbolo: Q);cantidaddeelectricidad (endesuso) it caricaelettrica;quantitdielettricit (termineobsoleto) ja pl adunekel

27、ektryczny pt cargaelctrica; quantidadedeelectricidade(obsoleto) sv (elektrisk)laddning2 60050121 CEI:1998 1211102 loideCoulomb ,f loidonnantlaforceentredeuxparticulescharges,exprimeparlarelation F r e 12 12 2 21 1 2 2 21 = = k QQ r r k QQ r o F 12 es tlaforceexercesurlaparticuledechargelectrique Q 1

28、 parlaparticulede chargelectrique Q 2 ,k uneconstantepositive, r 21 levecteurissudelaparticulede chargelectrique Q 2 etaboutissantlaparticuledechargelectrique Q 1 ,r = r 21 la distanceentreparticuleset e 21 levecteurunitaire r 21 r NOTEDanslevidelaconstante k estgale 14 0 pe o e 0 estlaconstantelect

29、rique. Coulomblaw lawgivingtheforcebetweentwochargedparticles,expressedbytherelation F r e 12 12 2 21 1 2 2 21 = = k QQ r r k QQ r whereF 12 istheforceexertedontheparticlewithelectriccharge Q 1 bytheparticle withelectricchargeQ 2 ,k apositiveconstant,r 21 thevectorfromtheparticlewith electricchargeQ

30、 2 totheparticlewithelectricchargeQ 1 ,r = r 21 thedistance betweenparticlesand e 21 theunitvector r 21 r NOTEInvacuumtheconstant k isequalto 14 0 pe where e 0 istheelectricconstant. ar de CoulombschesGesetz es leydeCoulomb it leggediCoulomb ja pl prawoCoulomba pt leideCoulomb sv Coulombslag60050121

31、 IEC:1998 3 1211103 constantelectrique ,f permittivitduvide ,f (symbole: e 0 ) constantescalaire e 0 reliantlesgrandeurslectriquesetlesgrandeursmcaniques, obtenuedaprslarelation F QQ r = 1 4 0 12 2 pe fondesurlaloideCoulombdanslevide,o F estlanormedelaforcesexerant entredeuxparticulesdechargeslectri

32、ques Q 1 et Q 2 respectivement,placesune distance rlunedelautre 7050301MOD NOTE1Danslevide,leproduitdelaconstantelectriqueparlechamplectrique Eest gallinductionlectrique D : DE = e 0 NOTE2Laconstantelectriqueestlielaconstantemagntique m 0 etlavitessedela lumiredanslevide c 0 parlarelation em 000 2 1

33、 c= NOTE3Lavaleurdelaconstantelectriqueestexactementgale 10 4 8 854 187 817 7 42 p = 299 792 458 m kg sA p Fm 2 31 , . electricconstant permittivityofvacuum (symbol: e 0 ) scalarconstante 0 linkingtheelectricquantitiesandthemechanicalquantities, obtainedfromtherelation F QQ r = 1 4 0 12 2 pe basedon

34、theCoulomblawinvacuum,where Fisthemagnitudeoftheforce betweentwoparticleswithelectricchargesQ 1 andQ 2 respectively,placedata distancer apart7050301MOD NOTE1 Invacuum,theproductoftheelectricconstantandtheelectricfieldstrength Eis equaltotheelectric fluxdensity D : DE = e 0 NOTE2Theelectricconstantis

35、relatedtothemagneticconstant m 0 andtothespeedof lightinvacuum c 0 bytherelation em 000 2 1 c= NOTE3Thevalueoftheelectricconstantisexactlyequalto 10 4 8 854 187 817 7 42 p = 299 792 458 mk g sA p Fm 2 31 ,. . . ar ; de elektrischeFeldkonstante es constanteelctrica (smbolo: ee 0 ); permitividaddelvac

36、o it costanteelettrica;permettivitdelvuoto ja pl sta aelektryczna;przenikalno elektrycznapr ni pt constanteelctrica;permitividadedovazio sv permittivitetenfrvakuum;elektriskakonstanten4 60050121 CEI:1998 1211104 lectriquementneutre qualifieuneparticule,uncorpsouunsystmematrieldontlachargelectrique t

37、otaleestnulle electricallyneutral qualifiesaparticle,abodyoraphysicalsysteminwhichthetotalelectricchargeis zero ar de elektrischneutral es elctricamenteneutro it elettricamenteneutro ja pl oboj tnyelektrycznie pt electricamenteneutro sv elektrisktneutral;oladdad 1211105 lectriquementcharg qualifieun

38、eparticule,uncorpsouunsystmematrieldontlachargelectrique totaleestdiffrentedezro electricallycharged qualifiesaparticle,abodyoraphysicalsysteminwhichthetotalelectricchargeis differentfromzero ar de elektrischgeladen es elctricamentecargado it elettricamentecaricato ja pl na adowanyelektrycznie pt el

39、ectricamentecarregado sv (elektriskt)laddad60050121 IEC:1998 5 1211106 quasiinfinitsimal dansunsystmedentitslmentaires,qualifielalongueur,laireoulevolumedun lmentdespacedonttouteslesdimensionsgomtriquessontpetitesparrapport cellesdusystmeconsidrmaissuffisammentgrandespourquellment despacecontienneun

40、grandnombredentitslmentaires NOTE Leterme quasiinfinitsimal estutilispourdistinguercettenotiondecelle dinfinitsimalausensmathmatique. quasiinfinitesimal inasystemofelementaryentities,qualifiesthelength,thearea,orthevolumeofan elementofspaceallthegeometricaldimensionsofwhicharesmallcomparedwith those

41、ofthesystemunderconsideration,butsufficientlylargefortheelementof spacetocontainalargenumberofelementaryentities NOTE Theterm“quasiinfinitesimal”isusedtodistinguishthisnotionfromthatof infinitesimalinthemathematicalsense. ar de quasiinfinitesimal es cuasiinfinitesimal it quasiinfinitesimale ja pl kw

42、aziinfinitezymalny pt quaseinfinitesimal sv kvasiinfinitesimal 1211107 charge(lectrique)volumique ,f (symbole: r ) enunpointdonnlintrieurdunlmentdespacedevolumequasiinfinitsimal V ,grandeurscalairegaleauquotientdelachargelectriquetotaleQsitue lintrieurdellmentdespaceparlevolume V : r = Q V volumic(electric)charge (electric)chargedensity (symbol: r ) atagivenpointwithinavolumeelementofquasiinfinitesimalvolumeV ,scalar