IEC 60050-195-1998 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 195 Earthing and protection against electric shock《国际电工词汇 第195部分 接地和电击的防护》.pdf

1、NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60050195 Premiredition Firstedition 199808 VocabulaireElectrotechniqueInternational Partie195: Miselaterreetprotectioncontre leschocslectriques InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary Part195: Earthingandprotectionagainst electricshock Numroderfren

2、ce Referencenumber CEI/IEC60050195:1998Numrosdespublications Depuisle1erjanvier1997,lespublicationsdelaCEI sontnumrotespartirde60000. Publicationsconsolides Lesversionsconsolidesdecertainespublicationsde laCEIincorporantlesamendementssontdisponibles. Parexemple,lesnumrosddition1.0,1.1et1.2 indiquent

3、respectivementlapublicationdebase,la publicationdebaseincorporantlamendement1,etla publicationdebaseincorporantlesamendements1 et2. Validitdelaprsentepublication LecontenutechniquedespublicationsdelaCEIest constammentrevuparlaCEIafinquilreflteltat actueldelatechnique. Desrenseignementsrelatifsladate

4、de reconfirmationdelapublicationsontdisponiblesdans leCataloguedelaCEI. Lesrenseignementsrelatifsdesquestionsltudeet destravauxencoursentreprisparlecomittechnique quiatablicettepublication,ainsiquelalistedes publicationstablies,setrouventdanslesdocumentsci dessous: SitewebdelaCEI* Cataloguedespublic

5、ationsdelaCEI Publiannuellementetmisjourrgulirement (Catalogueenligne)* BulletindelaCEI DisponiblelafoisausitewebdelaCEI*et commepriodiqueimprim Terminologie,symbolesgraphiques etlittraux Encequiconcernelaterminologiegnrale,lelecteur sereporteralaCEI60050: VocabulaireElectro techniqueInternational (

6、VEI). Pourlessymbolesgraphiques,lessymboleslittraux etlessignesdusagegnralapprouvsparlaCEI,le lecteurconsulteralaCEI60027: Symboleslittraux utiliserenlectrotechnique,laCEI60417:Symboles graphiquesutilisablessurlematriel.Index,relevet compilationdesfeuillesindividuelles, etlaCEI60617: Symbolesgraphiq

7、uespourschmas. * Voiradressesitewebsurlapagedetitre. Numbering Asfrom1January1997allIECpublicationsare issuedwithadesignationinthe60000series. Consolidatedpublications ConsolidatedversionsofsomeIECpublications includingamendmentsareavailable.Forexample, editionnumbers1.0,1.1and1.2refer,respectively,

8、to thebasepublication,thebasepublication incorporatingamendment1andthebasepublication incorporatingamendments1and2. Validityofthispublication ThetechnicalcontentofIECpublicationsiskeptunder constantreviewbytheIEC,thusensuringthatthe contentreflectscurrenttechnology. Informationrelatingtothedateofthe

9、reconfirmationof thepublicationisavailableintheIECcatalogue. Informationonthesubjectsunderconsiderationand workinprogressundertakenbythetechnical committeewhichhaspreparedthispublication,aswell asthelistofpublicationsissued,istobefoundatthe followingIECsources: IECwebsite* CatalogueofIECpublications

10、 Publishedyearlywithregularupdates (Catalogueenligne)* IECBulletin AvailablebothattheIECwebsite*andasa printedperiodical Terminology,graphicalandletter symbols Forgeneralterminology,readersarereferredto IEC60050:InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary (IEV). Forgraphicalsymbols,andlettersymbolsandsi

11、gns approvedbytheIECforgeneraluse,readersare referredtopublicationsIEC60027: Lettersymbolsto beusedinelectricaltechnology ,IEC60417: Graphical symbolsforuseonequipment.Index,surveyand compilationofthesinglesheets andIEC60617: Graphicalsymbolsfordiagrams. * Seewebsiteaddressontitlepage.NORME INTERNAT

12、IONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60050195 Premiredition Firstedition 199808 VocabulaireElectrotechniqueInternational Partie195: Miselaterreetprotectioncontre leschocslectriques InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary Part195: Earthingandprotectionagainst electricshock CommissionElectrotechnique

13、Internationale InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission Pourprix,voircatalogueenvigueur Forprice,seecurrentcatalogue IEC1998Droitsdereproductionrservs Copyrightallrightsreserved Aucunepartiedecettepublicationnepeuttrereproduiteni utilisesous quelqueformequecesoitetparaucun procd,lectroniqueoumcanique

14、,ycomprislaphoto copieetlesmicrofilms,sanslaccordcritdelditeur. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorut ilizedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissionin writingfromthepublisher. InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission 3,ruedeVarembGeneva,S

15、witzerland Telefax:+41229190300 email:inmailiec.ch IECwebsitehttp:/www.iec.ch CODEPRIX PRICECODE XII 60050195CEI:1998 SOMMAIRE Pages AVANTPROPOS . . IV INTRODUCTION . VI Sections 19501 Notionsfondamentales 1 19502 Installationsetmatrielslectriques . 8 19503 Chocslectriquesetseuilsdecourant 23 19504

16、Fonctionnement 27 19505 Tensionsetcourants . 32 19506 Mesuresdeprotectionpourlascuritlectrique . 40 INDEX enfranais,anglais,arabe,allemand,espagnol,italien,japonais,polonais, portugaisetsudois . 4960050195IEC:1998 III CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . V INTRODUCTION . VII Sections 19501 Fundamentalconcepts.

17、1 19502 Electricalinstallationsandequipment. 8 19503 Electricshockandthresholdcurrents. 23 19504 Operation. 27 19505 Voltagesandcurrents 32 19506 Protectivemeasuresforelectricalsafety 40 INDEX inFrench,English,Arabic,German,Spanish,Italian,Japanese,Polish, PortugueseandSwedish 49IV 60050195CEI:1998

18、COMMISSIONLECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONALE VOCABULAIRELECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONAL PARTIE195:MISELATERREETPROTECTION CONTRELESCHOCSLECTRIQUES AVANTPROPOS 1) LaCEI(CommissionElectrotechniqueInternationale)estuneorganisationmondialedenormalisationcompose delensembledescomitslectrotechniquesnationaux(Comi

19、tsnationauxdelaCEI).LaCEIapourobjetde favoriserlacooprationinternationalepourtouteslesquestionsdenormalisationdanslesdomainesde llectricitetdellectronique.Aceteffet,laCEI,entreautresactivits,publiedesNormesinternationales. Leurlaborationestconfiedescomitsdtudes,auxtravauxdesquelstoutComitnationalint

20、ressparle sujettraitpeutparticiper.Lesorganisationsinternationales,gouvernementalesetnongouvernementales,en liaisonaveclaCEI,participentgalementauxtravaux.LaCEIcollaboretroitementaveclOrganisation InternationaledeNormalisation(ISO),selondesconditionsfixesparaccordentrelesdeuxorganisations. 2) Lesdci

21、sionsouaccordsofficielsdelaCEIconcernantlesquestionstechniquesreprsentent,danslamesure dupossibleunaccordinternationalsurlessujetstudis,tantdonnquelesComitsnationauxintresss sontreprsentsdanschaquecomitdtudes. 3) Lesdocumentsproduitsseprsententsouslaformederecommandationsinternationales.Ilssontpubli

22、s commenormes,rapportstechniquesouguidesetagrscommetelsparlesComitsnationaux. 4) Danslebutdencouragerlunificationinternationale,lesComitsnationauxdelaCEIsengagentappliquerde faontransparente,danstoutelamesurepossible,lesNormesinternationalesdelaCEIdansleursnormes nationalesetrgionales.Toutedivergenc

23、eentrelanormedelaCEIetlanormenationaleourgionale correspondantedoittreindiqueentermesclairsdanscettedernire. 5) LaCEInafixaucuneprocdureconcernantlemarquagecommeindicationdapprobationetsaresponsabilit nestpasengagequandunmatrielestdclarconformelunedesesnormes. 6)Lattentionestattiresurlefaitquecertai

24、nsdeslmentsdelaprsenteNormeinternationalepeuventfaire lobjetdedroitsdepropritintellectuelleoudedroitsanalogues.LaCEInesauraittretenuepour responsabledenepasavoiridentifidetelsdroitsdepropritetdenepasavoirsignalleurexistence. LaprsenteNormeinternationaleattablieparlegroupedetravail195ducomitdtudes1 d

25、elaCEI:Terminologie.Elleconstituelapartie195duVocabulaireElectrotechnique International(VEI). Letextedecettenormeestissudesdocumentssuivants: FDIS Rapportdevote 1/1655/FDIS 1/1665/RVD Lerapportdevoteindiqudansletableaucidessusdonnetouteinformationsurlevoteayant aboutilapprobationdecettenorme. Dansla

26、prsentepartieduVEI,lestermesetdfinitionssontdonnsenfranaisetenanglais: deplus,lestermessontindiqusenarabe(ar),allemand(de),espagnol(es),italien(it), japonais(ja),polonais(pl),portugais(pt)etsudois(sv).60050195IEC:1998 V INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALVOCABULARY

27、PART195:EARTHINGANDPROTECTION AGAINSTELECTRICSHOCK FOREWORD 1) TheIEC(InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprising allnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectoftheIECistopromote internationalcooperationonallquestionsconcernin

28、gstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.To thisendandinadditiontootheractivities,theIECpublishesInternationalStandards.Theirpreparationis entrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmay participateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentaland

29、nongovernmentalorganizationsliaising withtheIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.TheIECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganization forStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwo organizations. 2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsoftheIEContechnicalmattersexpr

30、ess,asnearlyaspossible,an internationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtechnicalcommitteehasrepresentation fromallinterestedNationalCommittees. 3) Thedocumentsproducedhavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandarepublishedintheform ofstandards,technicalreportsorguidesandtheyar

31、eacceptedbytheNationalCommitteesinthatsense. 4) Inordertopromoteinternationalunification,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECInternational Standardstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalstandards.Any divergencebetweentheIECStandardandthecorrespondingnationalorregionals

32、tandardshallbeclearly indicatedinthelatter. 5) TheIECprovidesnomarkingproceduretoindicateitsapprovalandcannotberenderedresponsibleforany equipmentdeclaredtobeinconformitywithoneofitsstandards. 6)AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubject ofpatentr

33、ights.TheIECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. ThisInternationalStandardhasbeenpreparedbyworkinggroup195ofIECtechnical committee1:Terminology.Itformspart195oftheInternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary (IEV). Thetextofthisstandardisbasedonthefollowingdocuments: FDIS Repo

34、rtonvoting 1/1655/FDIS 1/1665/RVD Fullinformationonthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereporton votingindicatedintheabovetable. InthispartoftheIEV,thetermsanddefinitionsarewritteninFrenchandEnglish;inaddition, thetermsaregiveninArabic(ar),German(de),Spanish(es),Italian(it),Japanese(j

35、a),Polish (pl),Portuguese(pt)andSwedish(sv).VI 60050195CEI:1998 INTRODUCTION LaPartie195duVEItraiteaussidecertainsaspectsdelascurit.Lanotiondescurit appliqueiciestdfiniedansleGuideISO/CEI51:1990commesuit: 3.1 scurit :Absencederisquededommageinacceptable.60050195IEC:1998 VII INTRODUCTION TheIEVPart19

36、5dealsalsowithcertainaspectsofsafety.Theconceptof“safety“whichis appliedhereinisdefinedinISO/IECGuide51:1990asfollows: 3.1 safety:Freedomfromunacceptableriskofharm.VIII 60050195CEI:1998 Pageblanche Blankpage60050195IEC:1998 1 PARTIE195:MISELATERREETPROTECTIONCONTRE LESCHOCSLECTRIQUES PART195:EARTHIN

37、GANDPROTECTIONAGAINSTELECTRICSHOCK SECTION19501NOTIONSFONDAMENTALES SECTION19501FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS 1950101 terrederfrence 1510107MOD 8260401MOD partiedelaTerreconsidrecommeconductrice,dontlepotentiellectriqueest pris,parconvention,galzro,tanthorsdelazonedinfluencedetoute installationdemiselaterre N

38、ote.LanotiondeTerreserfrelaplanteettoutelamatiredontelleest compose. referenceearth referenceground (US) partoftheEarthconsideredasconductive,theelectricpotentialofwhichis conventionallytakenaszero,beingoutsidethezoneofinfluenceofanyearthing arrangement Note. Theconcept“Earth“meanstheplanetandallits

39、physicalmatter. ar 8M$aL$ de Bezugserde es tierradereferencia it terradiriferimento ja pl pt terradereferncia sv referensjord 1950102 contactlectrique tatdedeuxouplusdedeuxpartiesconductricesquisetouchentaccidentellement ouintentionnellementetformentuncheminconducteuruniqueetcontinu electriccontact

40、stateoftwoormoreconductivepartswhichtoucheachotheraccidentallyor intentionallyandformasinglecontinuousconductivepath ar ,M$%Y0$&R1$ de elektrischerKontakt es contactoelctrico it contattoelettrico ja pl pt contactoelctrico sv elektriskkontakt2 60050195CEI:1998 1950103 terre(locale) partiedelaTerreenc

41、ontactlectriqueavecuneprisedeterre,etdontlepotentiel lectriquenestpasncessairementgalzro (local)earth (local)ground (US) partoftheEarthwhichisinelectriccontactwithanearthelectrodeandtheelectric potentialofwhichisnotnecessarilyequaltozero ar =$&$aL$ de (rtliche)Erde es tierra(local) it terra(locale)

42、ja pl pt terra(local) sv (lokal)jord 1950104 choclectrique 6040416MOD 8260304MOD effetphysiologiquersultantdupassageduncourantlectriquetraverslecorps humainouceluidunanimal electricshock physiologicaleffectresultingfromanelectriccurrentthroughahumanoranimalbody ar ,M$IY$ de elektrischerSchlag es choqueelctrico it shockelettrico ja pl p