1、 IEC 60318-1Edition 2.0 2009-08INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALEElectroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones Electroacoustique Simulateurs de tte et doreille humaines Partie 1: Simulateur doreille pour
2、la mesure des couteurs supra-auraux et circumauraux IEC60318-1:2009 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me
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16、cation ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 60318-1Edition 2.0 2009-08INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALEElectroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 1: Ear simulator for
17、 the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones Electroacoustique Simulateurs de tte et doreille humaines Partie 1: Simulateur doreille pour la mesure des couteurs supra-auraux et circumauraux INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE TICS 17.140.
18、50 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 2-8318-1059-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 60318-1 IEC:2009 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Construction.7 4.1 Gene
19、ral .7 4.2 Tolerances 9 4.3 Static pressure equalisation 10 4.4 Calibrated pressure-type microphone 10 4.5 Material.10 4.6 Measurement plane.11 4.7 Acoustic transfer impedance .11 5 Coupling of earphone to ear simulator 11 5.1 Supra-aural earphones11 5.2 Circumaural earphones .11 6 Calibration13 6.1
20、 Reference environmental conditions13 6.2 Method of calibration.13 7 Maximum permitted expanded uncertainty of measurements 13 Annex A (informative) Lumped-parameter electrical network analogue of the ear simulator.15 Annex B (informative) Example of one specific design of ear simulator 17 Annex C (
21、informative) Measurement method for the determination of the acoustical transfer impedance of the ear simulator 21 Bibliography25 Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the ear simulator configured for supra-aural earphones 8 Figure 2 Schematic cross-section of the ear simulator configured for circumau
22、ral earphones 9 Figure A.1 Analogue electrical network 15 Figure A.2 Level of impedance modulus of the electrical analogue network16 Figure A.3 Phase of the impedance of the electrical analogue network 16 Figure B.1 Example of one specific design of ear simulator17 Figure B.2 Adapter for use with ci
23、rcumaural earphones .18 Figure B.3 Conical ring 19 Figure B.4 Configuration when using the adapter and the conical ring .20 Figure C.1 Key elements of measurement system22 Figure C.2 Transmitter microphone adapter to couple a transmitter microphone to the ear simulator.23 60318-1 IEC:2009 3 Table 1
24、Specification for the acoustic transfer impedance level12 Table 2 Values of Umaxfor basic measurements 14 Table C.1 Typical components of measurement uncertainty in the measurement of acoustic transfer impedance .24 4 60318-1 IEC:2009 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTROACOUSTICS SIMU
25、LATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees
26、). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available S
27、pecifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizat
28、ions liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matte
29、rs express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
30、 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC
31、National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provide
32、s no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees
33、 servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the pub
34、lication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possi
35、bility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60318-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 29: Electroacoustics. This second edition can
36、cels and replaces the first edition published in 1998 as well as replacing IEC 60318-2, published in1998. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: an extension of the frequency range to 16 kHz; a revi
37、sed specification for the acoustical transfer impedance, including tolerances; a method for measuring the acoustical transfer impedance; expanded measurement uncertainties. 60318-1 IEC:2009 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 29/683/FDIS 29/698/RVD
38、Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of IEC 60318 series, under the general title Electroacoustics S
39、imulators of human head and ear, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At th
40、is date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition; or amended. 6 60318-1 IEC:2009 ELECTROACOUSTICS SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones 1 Scope This part of IEC 60318 specifies an ear
41、simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones (used for example in audiometry and telephonometry) applied to the ear without acoustical leakage, in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. The same device can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies up to 16
42、 kHz. NOTE 1 This device has alternative configurations for supra-aural earphones and different types of circumaural earphones. In practice, the alternative configurations can be realised through the use of adapters where necessary. NOTE 2 Repeatability for supra-aural and circumaural earphones may
43、get significantly worse above 10 kHz. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendment
44、s) applies. IEC 61094-4, Measurement microphones Part 4: Specifications for working standard microphones ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following t
45、erms and definitions apply. 3.1 ear simulator device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the source so that the overall acoustic impedance of the device approximates that of the normal human ear at a given loca
46、tion and in a given frequency band 3.2 acoustic coupler device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the source by a cavity of predetermined shape and volume which does not necessarily approximate the acoustical
47、impedance of the normal human ear 3.3 supra-aural earphone earphone applied externally to the outer ear and intended to rest on the pinna 60318-1 IEC:2009 7 3.4 circumaural earphone earphone which encloses the pinna and rests on the surrounding surface of the head NOTE Contact with the head is norma
48、lly maintained by compliant cushions. Circumaural earphones may touch but not significantly compress the pinna. 3.5 acoustic impedance at a specified surface, quotient of the sound pressure by volume velocity through the surface NOTE Unit: Pasm3. 3.6 acoustic transfer impedance of the ear simulator
49、quotient of the sound pressure acting on the diaphragm of the microphone by volume velocity through the planar surface bounded by the upper rim of the ear simulator NOTE Unit: Pasm3. 3.7 level of acoustic transfer impedance ten times the logarithm to the base of ten of the quotient of the absolute value (modulus) of the squared acoustic transfer impedance of the e
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