IEC 60695-7-1-2010 Fire hazard testing - Part 7-1 Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance《火灾隐患试验.第7-1部分 燃烧废物毒性.一般指南》.pdf

1、 IEC 60695-7-1Edition 3.0 2010-06INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALEFire hazard testing Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General guidance Essais relatifs aux risques du feu Partie 7-1: Toxicit des effluents du feu Lignes directrices gnrales IEC60695-7-1:2010 BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION PUBLI

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16、visitez le FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 60695-7-1Edition 3.0 2010-06INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALEFire hazard testing Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General guidance Essais relatifs aux risques du feu Par

17、tie 7-1: Toxicit des effluents du feu Lignes directrices gnrales INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE TICS 13.220.40; 29.020 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 978-2-88912-013-0BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SCURIT Registered trademark of th

18、e International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 60695-7-1 IEC:2010 CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Factors determining toxic hazard 13 4.1 Evaluation of the toxic hazard 13 4

19、.2 Burning rate.13 4.3 Toxicity of fire effluent .13 4.3.1 General .13 4.3.2 Asphyxiants .14 4.3.3 Carbon dioxide 14 4.3.4 Sensory and/or upper respiratory irritants.15 4.3.5 Unusually high toxicity and extreme toxic potency 15 4.4 Dispersal volume .15 4.5 Escape time 16 5 General aspects of small-s

20、cale test methods used to evaluate the toxic hazard of fire gas effluent.16 5.1 General .16 5.2 Physical fire models.16 5.3 Static test methods20 5.4 Dynamic test methods .20 5.5 Measurement of toxicity.20 5.5.1 General .20 5.5.2 Chemical analysis based methods20 5.5.3 Methods based on animal exposu

21、re .21 6 Evaluation of test methods21 6.1 Parameters to be considered .21 6.2 Selection of test specimen .21 7 Relevance of toxic hazard data to fire hazard assessment.21 Bibliography24 Figure 1 Different phases in the development of a fire within a compartment.18 Figure 2 Evaluation and considerati

22、on of toxicity test methods 23 Table 1 F values for irritants.15 Table 2 Characteristics of fire types (from ISO 19706) 19 60695-7-1 IEC:2010 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ FIRE HAZARD TESTING Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General guidance FOREWORD 1) The International Electrote

23、chnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To t

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32、EC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this I

33、EC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60695-7-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition p

34、ublished in 2004. It constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: minor editorial and technical changes throughout; Introduction text referring to IEC 60695-7-50 and ISO/TS 19700 has been updated; references to the ISO 9122 series have bee

35、n deleted (other than an historical reference to ISO 9122-1 in the Introduction) and the text throughout has been updated; definitions have been updated in accordance with ISO/IEC 13943:2008; 4 60695-7-1 IEC:2010 dispersal volume is stated to be an important parameter in the assessment of toxic haza

36、rd; Table 2 has been updated; Figures 1 and 2 have both been updated. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 89/990/FDIS 89/1003/RVD Full information o

37、n the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-7-2. A list of all the parts of IEC 60695 s

38、eries, under the general title of Fire hazard testing, can be found on the IEC website. Part 7 consists of the following parts: Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General guidance Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent Summary and relevance of test methods Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and i

39、nterpretation of test results Part 7-50: Toxicity of fire effluent Estimation of toxic potency Apparatus and test method Part 7-51: Toxicity of fire effluent Estimation of toxic potency Calculation and interpretation of test results The committee has decided that the contents of this publication wil

40、l remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 60695-7-1 IEC:2010 5 INTRODUCTION Electrot

41、echnical products sometimes become involved in fires. However, except for certain specific cases (for example, power generating stations, mass transit tunnels, computer suites), electrotechnical products are not normally present in sufficient quantities to form the major source of toxic hazard. For

42、example, in domestic dwellings and places of public assembly, electrotechnical products are usually a very minor source of fire effluent compared with, for example, furnishings. The IEC 60695-7 series of publications is subject to the ongoing evolution of fire safety philosophy within ISO TC 92. The

43、 guidance in this International Standard is consistent with the principles of fire safety developed by ISO TC 92 (SC 3) on toxic hazards in fire as described in ISO 19706. General guidance for the fire hazard assessment of electrotechnical products is provided in IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11. G

44、uidance on the estimation of escape times from fires is provided in ISO 13571. The determination of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents is described in ISO 13344. In 1989, the following views were expressed in ISO/TR 9122-1. “Small-scale toxic potency tests as we know them today are inappropr

45、iate for regulatory purposes. They cannot provide rank orderings of materials with respect to their propensity to produce toxic atmospheres in fires. All currently available tests are limited because of their inability to replicate the dynamics of fire growth which determine the time/concentration p

46、rofiles of the effluent in full-scale fires, and the response of electrotechnical products, not just materials. This is a crucial limitation because the toxic effects of combustion effluent are now known to depend much more on the rates and conditions of combustion than on the chemical constitution

47、of the burning materials.“ Because of these limitations IEC TC 89 developed IEC 60695-7-50 and ISO subsequently developed ISO/TS 19700 11. Both these standards use the same apparatus. It is a practical small-scale apparatus which is used to measure toxic potency and which, by virtue of its ability t

48、o model defined stages of a fire, yields toxic potency data suitable for use in a full hazard assessment. Both methods use variations in air flow and temperature to give different physical fire models, but the ISO test method additionally uses the equivalence ratio as a key parameter. The evidence f

49、rom fires and fire casualties, when taken with data from experimental fire and combustion toxicity studies, suggests that chemical species with unusually high toxicity are not important (see 4.3.4). Carbon monoxide is by far the most significant agent contributing to toxic hazard. Other agents of major significance are hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and irritants. There are also other