1、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IECCEINORME INTERNATIONALE60970Second editionDeuxime dition2007-07Insulating liquids Methods for counting and sizing particles Isolants liquides Mthodes de dtermination du nombre et de la taille des particules Reference number Numro de rfrence IEC/CEI 60970:2007 THIS PUBLICAT
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14、sciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IECCEINORME INTERNATIONALE60970Second editionDeuxime dition2007-07Insulating liquids Methods for counting and sizing particles Isolants liquides Mthodes de dtermination du nombre et de la taille des particules R Commission E
15、lectrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE CODE PRIX For price, see current cataloguePour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur 2 60970 IEC:2007 CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 General caution, health, safety and environmenta
16、l protection .6 4 Significance7 5 Comparison and limitation of the methods 7 6 Types and identification of particles8 7 Sampling 8 7.1 General remarks8 7.2 Sampling vessels 9 7.3 Cleaning of sampling bottles .9 7.4 General directions for sampling .9 7.5 Sampling procedure 10 7.6 Labelling of samples
17、10 7.6.1 Samples from tanks.10 7.6.2 Samples from electrical equipment 10 8 Preparation of the samples for analysis 10 9 Method A Automatic particle size analyzer.11 9.1 Summary of method 11 9.2 Apparatus and auxiliary materials11 9.3 Calibration procedures 11 9.4 Preparation of the apparatus for co
18、unting12 9.5 Preparation of sample before counting 12 9.6 Preparation of sample for counting 12 9.7 Counting procedures .12 9.8 Report .13 9.9 Precision .13 9.10 Repeatability .13 9.11 Reproducibility 13 10 Method B Optical microscopy 14 10.1 Principle14 10.2 Procedure by transmitted light.14 10.3 P
19、rocedure by incident light 14 Annex A (informative) Use of syringes as sampling vessels .15 Annex B (informative) Calibration of the automatic particle counters 17 Bibliography18 60970 IEC:2007 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ INSULATING LIQUIDS METHODS FOR COUNTING AND SIZING PARTICLES
20、 FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in th
21、e electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted
22、to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the Internationa
23、l Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each te
24、chnical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Pu
25、blications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their n
26、ational and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared t
27、o be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Comm
28、ittees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn t
29、o the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be
30、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60970 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 10: Fluids for electrotechnical applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1989. This edition constitutes a technic
31、al revision. The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows: new calibration procedures for automated laser particle; three figures contamination code; new procedure of sample pre-treatment when automated laser counter method are used. 4 60970 IEC:2007 The text
32、 of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 10/695/FDIS 10/714/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Dir
33、ectives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; wit
34、hdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 60970 IEC:2007 5 INTRODUCTION The first edition of this standard was published in 1989, and confirmed in 1996. The present edition has been found necessary for consistency with the new ISO 4406:1999, in which calibration procedures for automated par
35、ticles counters have been changed from ACFTD standard to ISO-MTD standard. Specific procedures for sample preparation are described in more detail when automated particle counters are used. Results and ISO Code reporting are consistent with ISO 4406:1999 standard. Repeatability and reproducibility d
36、ata are reported. It has been demonstrated that particle contamination of insulating liquids used in electrical equipment have been responsible for major faults 11. Particle analysis is recommended (as complementary test) by IEC 604223 for power transformers with nominal voltage above 170 kV2. Parti
37、cle counting and sizing is usually carried out using automated counters; the calibration standard for these counters was changed in 1999. The ISO reporting code has also been changed from a two-figure to a three-figure code. This code gives information on three classes of cumulative counting: partic
38、les/ml with 4 m, particles/ml with 6 m, particles/ml with 14 m. Particle analysis with automated particle counters has been thoroughly investigated to verify factors influencing the results and to optimize the analysis procedure. Reference figures for repeatability and Reproducibility are reported,
39、for particle counting and for ISO Class. Annex A provides information about sampling with syringes. Annex B reports a reference for ISO MTD calibration procedure. _ 1Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. 6 60970 IEC:2007 INSULATING LIQUIDS METHODS FOR COUNTING AND SIZING PARTICLES 1
40、Scope This standard describes the sampling procedures and methods for the determination of particle concentration and size distribution. Three methods are specified. One uses an automatic particle size analyser, working on the light interruption principle. The other two use an optical microscope, in
41、 either the transmitted light or incident light mode, to count particles collected on the surface of a membrane filter. The optical microscope methods are described in ISO 4407. All three methods are applicable to both used and unused insulating liquids. Annex A contains an alternative sampling proc
42、edure using a syringe and Annex B reports a reference for the calibration of automatic particle counters. NOTE 1 The methods are not intended to measure particulate matter in liquids containing sludge. While analysing solid content on oils containing sludge refers to method for sediment and sludge d
43、etermination in IEC 60422, Annex C. NOTE 2 The methods specified are only applicable to measurements related to a limited range of size and number. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition
44、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60475: Method of sampling liquid dielectrics ISO 4406: Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles ISO 4407: Hydraulic fluid
45、power Fluid contamination Determination of particulate contamination by the counting method using an optical microscope ISO 5884: Aerospace Fluid systems and components Methods for sampling and measuring the solid particle contamination of hydraulic fluids EN 50353: Insulating oil Determination of f
46、ibre contamination by the counting method using a microscope 3 General caution, health, safety and environmental protection This International Standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro
47、priate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The insulating liquids which are the subject of this standard should be handled with due regard to personal hygiene. Direct contact with the eyes may cause irritation. In the case of eye contac
48、t, irrigation with copious quantities of clean running water should be carried out 60970 IEC:2007 7 and medical advice sought. Some of the tests specified in this standard involve the use of processes that could lead to a hazardous situation. Attention is drawn to the relevant standard for guidance.
49、 This standard is applicable to insulating liquids and used sample containers, the disposal or decontamination of which must be done according to local regulations. Every precaution should be taken to prevent release of mineral oil into the environment. 4 Significance It is well known that particles have a detrimental effect on the dielectric strength
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