IEC 61362-2012 Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine governing systems《水轮机控制系统规范指南》.pdf

1、 IEC 61362 Edition 2.0 2012-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine governing systems Guide pour la spcification des systmes de rgulation des turbines hydrauliques IEC61362:2012 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Swi

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15、) en ligne. Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 61362 Edition 2.0 2012-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine governing

16、 systems Guide pour la spcification des systmes de rgulation des turbines hydrauliques INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XB ICS 27.140 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-88912-019-2 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

17、Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 61362 IEC:2012 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7

18、 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 9 3.1 General terms and definitions 9 3.2 Terms and definitions related to control levels and control modes 9 3.3 Terms and definitions from control theory 9 3.4 Subscripts and prefixes . 10 3.5 Terms and definitions relat

19、ed to the plant and the machines . 10 3.6 Terms and definitions relating to the governing system 11 4 Control structure . 18 4.1 General . 18 4.2 Main control functions 18 4.2.1 General . 18 4.2.2 Speed control 19 4.2.3 Power output control 19 4.2.4 Opening control . 19 4.2.5 Water level control . 1

20、9 4.2.6 Flow control . 20 4.3 Configurations of combined control systems 20 4.3.1 General . 20 4.3.2 Parallel structure 20 4.3.3 Series structures 21 4.3.4 Other configurations 22 4.4 Configurations of servo-positioners 23 4.5 Multiple control 23 4.5.1 General . 23 4.5.2 Parallel structure 24 4.5.3

21、Series structure . 24 5 Performance and components of governing systems . 24 5.1 General . 24 5.2 Modeling and digital simulation 25 5.3 Characteristic parameters for PID-controllers . 26 5.3.1 General . 26 5.3.2 Permanent droop bp. 27 5.3.3 Proportional action coefficient Kp, integral action time T

22、I, and derivative action time TD27 5.4 Other parameters of the governing systems . 28 5.4.1 Command signal adjustments for controlled variables (speed, power output, etc.) and load limiter . 28 5.4.2 Governor insensitivity ix/2 . 28 5.4.3 Parameters of servo-positioner 29 5.5 Functional relationship

23、 between servo-positioners 30 5.5.1 Dual regulation of turbines with controllable guide vane and runner blade angles 30 61362 IEC:2012 3 5.5.2 Dual control of turbines with needles and deflectors . 31 5.5.3 Multiple control 31 5.5.4 Other relationships . 31 5.6 Actual signal measurement 31 5.6.1 Gen

24、eral . 31 5.6.2 Rotational speed 32 5.6.3 Power output . 32 5.6.4 Water level 32 5.6.5 Actuator position (stroke) . 32 5.6.6 Signal transmission from electronic transmitters . 32 5.7 Manual control . 33 5.8 Linearization 33 5.9 Follow-up controls . 34 5.10 Optimization control . 34 5.11 Monitoring p

25、arallel positioning of amplifiers 34 5.12 Provision of actuating energy . 34 5.12.1 General . 34 5.12.2 System with an accumulator . 35 5.12.3 Systems without accumulator . 38 5.12.4 Direct electric positioner 39 5.12.5 Recommendation for hydraulic fluid selection . 40 5.13 Power supply for electron

26、ic control systems . 40 5.14 Operational transitions . 40 5.14.1 Start-up and synchronization 40 5.14.2 Normal shutdown . 41 5.14.3 Sudden load rejection 41 5.14.4 Other operational transitions 42 5.15 Safety devices/circuits . 42 5.15.1 General . 42 5.15.2 Quick shutdown and emergency shutdown . 42

27、 5.15.3 Overspeed protection device 43 5.15.4 Interlocks . 43 5.16 Supplementary equipment . 43 5.16.1 Measures to reduce pressure variations . 43 5.16.2 Surge control . 43 5.16.3 Equipment and measures to lower the speed rise . 44 5.16.4 Central flow rate control in river power station systems . 44

28、 5.16.5 Brakes . 44 5.16.6 Synchronous condenser mode of operation 45 5.17 Environmental suitability of governor components 45 5.17.1 Vibration and shock resistance . 45 5.17.2 Temperature and humidity . 45 5.18 Electromagnetic compatibility . 45 6 How to apply the recommendations . 45 Annex A (norm

29、ative) Simplified differential equations and transfer functions of idealized PID-controllers 58 Annex B (informative) Grid frequency control 60 Annex C (informative) Quick shutdown and emergency shutdown . 63 4 61362 IEC:2012 Figure 1 Controlled variable range 12 Figure 2 Permanent droop 12 Figure 3

30、 Proportional action coefficient and integral action time 13 Figure 4 Derivative time constant . 14 Figure 5 Dead band 15 Figure 6 Minimum servomotor opening/closing time 16 Figure 7 Time constant of the servo-positioner . 16 Figure 8 Servo-positioner inaccuracy 17 Figure 9 Control system dead time

31、 17 Figure 10 Control system with speed and power output controllers in parallel 21 Figure 11 Control system with speed controller and power command signal in parallel 21 Figure 12 Control system with speed controller and water level controller in parallel . 21 Figure 13 Governing system with power

32、 output and speed controller in series 22 Figure 14 Governing system with water level controller and speed controller in series . 22 Figure 15 Power output control via the speed controller 22 Figure 16 Water level controller without speed controller 23 Figure 17 Parallel structure with defined funct

33、ional relation and an additional signal superimposition . 24 Figure 18 Series structure with defined functional relation and additional signal superimposition . 24 Figure 19 Time step response and frequency response of the amplifier output Y/Ymaxto a displacement input sv. 30 Figure 20 Pressure tank

34、 content and pressure ranges 35 Figure 21 Open-circuit system 39 Figure 22 Start-up speed curve up to synchronization . 41 Figure 23 Load rejection . 42 Figure A.1 Idealized PID in pure parallel structure. 59 Figure A.2 Idealized PID alternative representation . 59 Figure B.1 Example of principle sc

35、hematic functional diagram of a unit with a turbine governing system using an idealized PID controller with a power droop 61 Figure B.2 Behaviour of two units with different governor permanent droop values 62 Table C.1 Alternative I Summary of cases for quick shut-down and emergency shut-down . 65 T

36、able C.2 Alternative II Summary of cases for quick shut-down and emergency shut-down . 66 61362 IEC:2012 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDE TO SPECIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organiza

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46、 Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent righ

47、ts. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61362 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 4: Hydraulic turbines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical revision. It takes

48、 into account the experience with the guide during the last decade as well as the progress in the state of the art of the underlying technologies. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 4/270/FDIS 4/272/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval

49、 of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 6 61362 IEC:2012 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this