1、 IEC 61400-23 Edition 1.0 2014-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Wind turbines Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades IEC 61400-23:2014-04(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2014 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no par
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10、c If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC 61400-23 Edition 1.0 2014-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Wind turbines Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL CO
11、MMISSION X ICS 27.180 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1506-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scop
12、e 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Notation . 12 4.1 Symbols 12 4.2 Greek symbols 12 4.3 Subscripts . 12 4.4 Coordinate systems 12 5 General principles . 13 5.1 Purpose of tests 13 5.2 Limit states . 14 5.3 Practical constraints . 14 5.4 Results of test . 14 6 Documentation and
13、 procedures for test blade 15 7 Blade test program and test plans . 16 7.1 Areas to be tested . 16 7.2 Test program 16 7.3 Test plans . 16 7.3.1 General . 16 7.3.2 Blade description . 16 7.3.3 Loads and conditions . 17 7.3.4 Instrumentation 17 7.3.5 Expected test results . 17 8 Load factors for test
14、ing 17 8.1 General . 17 8.2 Partial safety factors used in the design 17 8.2.1 General . 17 8.2.2 Partial factors on materials 17 8.2.3 Partial factors for consequences of failure . 18 8.2.4 Partial factors on loads 18 8.3 Test load factors . 18 8.3.1 Blade to blade variation . 18 8.3.2 Possible err
15、ors in the fatigue formulation . 18 8.3.3 Environmental conditions . 19 8.4 Application of load factors to obtain the target load . 19 9 Test loading and test load evaluation . 20 9.1 General . 20 9.2 Influence of load introduction 20 9.3 Static load testing . 20 9.4 Fatigue load testing 21 10 Test
16、requirements 22 10.1 General . 22 10.1.1 Test records 22 10.1.2 Instrumentation calibration. 22 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 3 10.1.3 Measurement uncertainties 22 10.1.4 Root fixture and test stand requirements . 22 10.1.5 Environmental conditions monitoring . 22 10.1.6 Deterministic corrections . 23
17、10.2 Static test . 23 10.2.1 General . 23 10.2.2 Static load test. 23 10.2.3 Strain measurement 24 10.2.4 Deflection measurement 24 10.3 Fatigue test . 24 10.4 Other blade property tests 24 10.4.1 Blade mass and center of gravity . 24 10.4.2 Natural frequencies . 25 10.4.3 Optional blade property te
18、sts . 25 11 Test results evaluation. 25 11.1 General . 25 11.2 Catastrophic failure . 25 11.3 Permanent deformation, loss of stiffness or change in other blade properties . 26 11.4 Superficial damage . 26 11.5 Failure evaluation . 26 12 Reporting 26 12.1 General . 26 12.2 Test report content 27 12.3
19、 Evaluation of test in relation to design requirements . 27 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the necessity of renewed static and fatigue testing 28 Annex B (informative) Areas to be tested . 29 Annex C (informative) Effects of large deflections and load direction . 30 Annex D (informative) Formu
20、lation of test load 31 D.1 Static target load. 31 D.2 Fatigue target load 31 D.3 Sequential single-axial, single location 34 D.4 Multi axial single location 34 Annex E (informative) Differences between design and test load conditions . 36 E.1 General . 36 E.2 Load introduction 36 E.3 Bending moments
21、 and shear . 36 E.4 Flapwise and lead-lag combinations 36 E.5 Radial loads 37 E.6 Torsion loads 37 E.7 Environmental conditions 37 E.8 Fatigue load spectrum and sequence 37 Annex F (informative) Determination of number of load cycles for fatigue tests 38 F.1 General . 38 F.2 Background 38 F.3 The ap
22、proach used . 38 Bibliography 43 4 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 Figure 1 Chordwise (flatwise, edgewise) coordinate system . 13 Figure 2 Rotor (flapwise, lead-lag) coordinate system 13 Figure C.1 Applied loads effects due to blade deformation and angulation 30 Figure D.1 Polar plot of the load envelope
23、 from a typical blade 31 Figure D.2 Design FSF . 33 Figure D.3 Area where design FSF is smaller than 1,4 (critical area) 33 Figure D.4 rFSF and critical areas, sequential single-axial test . 34 Figure D.5 rFSF and critical area, multi axial test . 35 Figure E.1 Difference of moment distribution for
24、target and actual test load . 36 Figure F.1 Simplified Goodman diagram 39 Figure F.2 Test load factor effor different number of load cycles in the test . 42 Table 1 Recommended values for effor different number of load cycles . 18 Table A.1 Examples of situations typically requiring or not requiring
25、 renewed testing 28 Table F.1 Recommended values for effor different number of load cycles 38 Table F.2 Expanded recommended values for effor different number of load cycles . 41 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ WIND TURBINES Part 23: Full-scale structural tes
26、ting of rotor blades FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning s
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33、onformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its d
34、irectors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses ari
35、sing out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is
36、 drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61400-23 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind turbines. This f
37、irst edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 61400-23, published in 2001. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC TS 61400-23: a) description of load based testing only; b) condensation to describe the general principles
38、and demands. 6 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: CDV Report on voting 88/420/CDV 88/448/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has
39、 been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 61400 series, published under the general title Wind turbines, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability da
40、te indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT Th
41、e colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 7 INTRODUCTION The blades of a
42、wind turbine rotor are generally regarded as one of the most critical components of the wind turbine system. In this standard, the demands for full-scale structural testing related to certification are defined as well as the interpretation and evaluation of test results. Specific testing methods or
43、set-ups for testing are not demanded or included as full-scale blade testing methods historically have developed independently in different countries and laboratories. Furthermore, demands for tests determining blade properties are included in this standard in order to validate some vital design ass
44、umptions used as inputs for the design load calculations. Any of the requirements of this standard may be altered if it can be suitably demonstrated that the safety of the system is not compromised. The standard is based on IEC TS 61400-23 published in 2001. Compared to the TS, this standard only de
45、scribes load based testing and is condensed to describe the general principles and demands. 8 IEC 61400-23:2014 IEC 2014 WIND TURBINES Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades 1 Scope This part of IEC 61400 defines the requirements for full-scale structural testing of wind turbine blad
46、es and for the interpretation and evaluation of achieved test results. The standard focuses on aspects of testing related to an evaluation of the integrity of the blade, for use by manufacturers and third party investigators. The following tests are considered in this standard: static load tests; fa
47、tigue tests; static load tests after fatigue tests; tests determining other blade properties. The purpose of the tests is to confirm to an acceptable level of probability that the whole population of a blade type fulfils the design assumptions. It is assumed that the data required to define the para
48、meters of the tests are available and based on the standard for design requirements for wind turbines such as IEC 61400-1 or equivalent. Design loads and blade material data are considered starting points for establishing and evaluating the test loads. The evaluation of the design loads with respect
49、 to the actual loads on the wind turbines is outside the scope of this standard. At the time this standard was written, full-scale tests were carried out on blades of horizontal axis wind turbines. The blades were mostly made of fibre reinforced plastics and wood/epoxy. However, most principles would be applicable to any wind turbine configuration, size and material. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced
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