1、 IEC 61757-1-1 Edition 1.0 2016-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Fibre optic sensors Part 1-1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings IEC 61757-1-1:2016-02(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2016 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless
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10、c.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC 61757-1-1 Edition 1.0 2016-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Fibre optic sensors Part 1-1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings
11、INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 33.180.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-3188-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5
12、 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references. 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Symbols 13 5 Structure and characteristics 14 5.1 Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) . 14 5.2 FBG strain sensor configuration. 18 5.3 Measuring point and installation 18 5.4 Gauge length 19 5.5 Strain and reference strain 19 5.
13、6 Reference wavelength . 19 5.7 Stability behaviour . 20 5.7.1 Drift and creep . 20 5.7.2 Shape stability of the Bragg grating peak 20 5.7.3 Hysteresis 20 5.8 Test specimen . 20 5.9 Indication of the measured values . 21 5.10 Zero point related measurement 21 5.11 Non-zero point related measurement
14、. 21 5.12 Production set . 21 5.13 FBG strain sensor standard type . 21 5.14 FBG strain sensor series . 21 6 Features and characteristics to be reported 21 6.1 Construction details and geometrical dimensions . 21 6.2 Configuration of the FBG strain sensor 22 6.3 Temperature and humidity range . 22 6
15、.4 Connecting requirement 22 7 Features and characteristics to be measured . 22 7.1 Sampling and statistical evaluation 22 7.1.1 Sampling . 22 7.1.2 Random sampling 22 7.1.3 Type testing . 22 7.1.4 Series testing . 22 7.1.5 Individual sample testing 23 7.1.6 Reporting the measuring result . 23 7.1.7
16、 Sample conditioning . 23 7.1.8 Ambient test conditions 23 7.1.9 Required type of test for individual characteristics 23 7.2 Bragg wavelength B24 7.2.1 General . 24 7.2.2 Measuring procedure . 24 7.2.3 Evaluation 25 7.2.4 Reporting . 25 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 3 7.3 FBG spectral width 25 7.3.1 M
17、easuring procedure . 25 7.3.2 Evaluation 25 7.3.3 Reporting . 25 7.4 FBG reflectivity . 25 7.4.1 Measuring procedure . 25 7.4.2 Evaluation 26 7.4.3 Reporting . 26 7.5 FBG Strain sensitivity 26 7.5.1 General . 26 7.5.2 Tensile test set-up . 27 7.5.3 Measuring procedure tensile test 27 7.5.4 Evaluatio
18、n 28 7.5.5 Reporting . 28 7.6 Gauge factor k 28 7.6.1 General . 28 7.6.2 Bending test set-up 29 7.6.3 Measurement procedure . 31 7.6.4 Evaluation 32 7.6.5 Reporting . 32 7.7 Maximum strain range at room temperature . 32 7.7.1 General . 32 7.7.2 Test set-up 32 7.7.3 Measuring procedure . 33 7.7.4 Eva
19、luation 33 7.7.5 Reporting . 33 7.8 Fatigue behaviour . 34 7.8.1 Test set-up 34 7.8.2 Measuring procedure . 34 7.8.3 Evaluation 34 7.8.4 Reporting . 35 7.9 Minimum operating radius of curvature 35 7.9.1 Measuring procedure . 35 7.9.2 Evaluation 35 7.9.3 Reporting . 35 7.10 Temperature and humidity r
20、anges 35 7.10.1 General . 35 7.10.2 Measuring procedure . 36 7.10.3 Evaluation 36 7.10.4 Reporting . 36 7.11 Other environmental influences . 36 7.12 Temperature-induced strain response 36 7.12.1 General . 36 7.12.2 Test set-up 37 7.12.3 Measuring procedure . 38 7.12.4 Evaluation 38 7.12.5 Reporting
21、 . 38 7.13 Proof test and lifetime considerations 38 7.13.1 General . 38 4 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 7.13.2 Measuring procedure . 39 7.13.3 Evaluation 39 7.13.4 Reporting . 40 8 Recommendations for use of FBG measuring instruments 40 Annex A (informative) Further properties of FBG strain sensors .
22、 41 A.1 General . 41 A.2 Extended explanation of FBG side-lobes for different conditions of use 41 Annex B (informative) Blank detail specification . 45 B.1 General . 45 B.2 Mechanical setup of the FBG strain sensor 45 B.3 Operational characteristics of the FBG strain sensor 45 B.4 Limiting paramete
23、rs of the FBG strain sensor . 46 B.5 Temperature data of the FBG strain sensor 46 B.6 Further information of the FBG strain sensor given upon request 46 B.7 Key performance data of the FBG measuring instrument 46 Annex C (informative) Polarization effects . 48 Annex D (informative) Applied FBG strai
24、n sensors . 49 D.1 General . 49 D.2 Recommended bonding process 49 Bibliography . 50 Figure 1 Characteristics of the Bragg grating reflectance spectrum . 10 Figure 2 Operation principle of a fibre Bragg grating in an optical waveguide 15 Figure 3 Reflection spectrum of a fibre Bragg grating array .
25、17 Figure 4 Gauge length between two attachment points . 18 Figure 5 Reflection spectrum of a FBG calculated (left) and measured spectrum (right) 24 Figure 6 Determination of R FBGfrom the FBG reflection spectrum (left, Equation (9) and transmission spectrum (right, Equation (10) . 26 Figure 7 Examp
26、le set-up of a tensile test facility . 27 Figure 8 Test layout (left) for the 4-point bending test with scheme of lateral force and bending moment curves (right) . 29 Figure 9 Determination of the strain via displacement measurement . 30 Figure 10 Whole-surface applied sensor on a bended flexural be
27、am . 31 Figure 11 Test specimen with applied FBG strain sensor 34 Figure A.1 Side-lobes in the case of a single FBG strain sensor 42 Figure A.2 Fundamental peaks and detected side-lobe peaks in the case of serially multiplexed FBGs . 42 Figure A.3 Spectral peaks in the case of serially multiplexed F
28、BGs . 43 Figure A.4 Parameters to identify fundamental peaks and side-lobes 43 Figure A.5 Identification of fundamental peaks and side-lobes 44 Table 1 Required type of test for individual characteristics 23 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ FIBRE OPTIC SENSOR
29、S Part 1-1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote i
30、nternational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (here
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36、 conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this pu
37、blication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirec
38、t, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the c
39、orrect application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61757-1-1 has been prepa
40、red by subcommittee SC 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: CDV Report on voting 86C/1322/CDV 86C/1353/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found
41、 in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 61757 series, published under the general title Fibre optic sensors, can be found on the IEC website. 6 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 20
42、16 This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61757-1:2012. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publicatio
43、n. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are consi
44、dered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 7 INTRODUCTION It has been decided to restructure the IEC 61757 series, with the following logic. From now on, the sub-parts will be renumb
45、ered as IEC 61757-M-T, where M denotes the measure and T, the technology. The existing part IEC 61757-1:2012 will be renumbered as IEC 61757 when it will be revised as edition 2.0 and will serve as an umbrella document over the entire series. 8 IEC 61757-1-1:2016 IEC 2016 FIBRE OPTIC SENSORS Part 1-
46、1: Strain measurement Strain sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings 1 Scope This part of IEC 61757 defines detail specifications for fibre optic sensors using one or more fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) as the sensitive element for strain measurements. Generic specifications for fibre optic sensors are de
47、fined in IEC 61757-1:2012. This standard specifies the most important features and characteristics of a fibre optic sensor for strain measurements based on use of an FBG as the sensitive element, and defines the procedures for their determination. Furthermore, it specifies basic performance paramete
48、rs and characteristics of the corresponding measuring instrument to read out the optical signal from the FBG. This standard refers to the measurement of static and dynamic strain values in a range of frequencies. A blank detail specification is provided in Annex B. 2 Normative references The followi
49、ng documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at http:/www.electropedia.org) IEC 60068-2 (all parts), Environmental testing Part 2: Tests IEC 60793-2
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