IEC 62109-1-2010 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1 General requirements《光伏电力系统用电源转换器的安全性.第1部分 一般要求》.pdf

1、 IEC 62109-1 Edition 1.0 2010-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 1: General requirements IEC 62109-1:2010(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwis

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9、r converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 1: General requirements INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XG ICS 27.160 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88910-621-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission colour inside 2 62109-1 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.8 INTR

10、ODUCTION.10 1 Scope and object11 1.1 Scope11 1.1.1 Equipment included in scope .11 1.1.2 Equipment for which other requirements may apply.11 1.2 Object .11 1.2.1 Aspects included in scope .11 1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope 12 2 Normative references .12 3 Terms and definitions .15 4 General testin

11、g requirements25 4.1 General .25 4.2 General conditions for testing25 4.2.1 Sequence of tests25 4.2.2 Reference test conditions 25 4.3 Thermal testing .28 4.3.1 General .28 4.3.2 Maximum temperatures .28 4.4 Testing in single fault condition .31 4.4.1 General .31 4.4.2 Test conditions and duration f

12、or testing under fault conditions.31 4.4.3 Pass/fail criteria for testing under fault conditions32 4.4.4 Single fault conditions to be applied 33 4.5 Humidity preconditioning .36 4.5.1 General .36 4.5.2 Conditions .36 4.6 Backfeed voltage protection 36 4.6.1 Backfeed tests under normal conditions.37

13、 4.6.2 Backfeed tests under single-fault conditions 37 4.6.3 Compliance with backfeed tests.37 4.7 Electrical ratings tests .37 4.7.1 Input ratings 37 4.7.2 Output ratings37 5 Marking and documentation37 5.1 Marking .37 5.1.1 General .37 5.1.2 Durability of markings38 5.1.3 Identification38 5.1.4 Eq

14、uipment ratings38 5.1.5 Fuse identification .38 5.1.6 Terminals, connections and controls39 5.1.7 Switches and circuit-breakers39 5.1.8 Class II equipment.39 5.1.9 Terminal boxes for external connections40 5.2 Warning markings .40 62109-1 IEC:2010(E) 3 5.2.1 Visibility and legibility requirements fo

15、r warning markings40 5.2.2 Content for warning markings 40 5.2.3 Sonic hazard markings and instructions.41 5.2.4 Equipment with multiple sources of supply.41 5.2.5 Excessive touch current.41 5.3 Documentation 42 5.3.1 General .42 5.3.2 Information related to installation.42 5.3.3 Information related

16、 to operation.43 5.3.4 Information related to maintenance44 6 Environmental requirements and conditions44 6.1 Environmental categories and minimum environmental conditions.45 6.1.1 Outdoor .45 6.1.2 Indoor, unconditioned45 6.1.3 Indoor, conditioned45 6.2 Pollution degree 46 6.3 Ingress protection47

17、6.4 UV exposure .47 6.5 Temperature and humidity.47 7 Protection against electric shock and energy hazards.47 7.1 General .47 7.2 Fault conditions.47 7.3 Protection against electric shock .48 7.3.1 General .48 7.3.2 Decisive voltage classification .48 7.3.3 Protective separation.52 7.3.4 Protection

18、against direct contact52 7.3.5 Protection in case of direct contact57 7.3.6 Protection against indirect contact.60 7.3.7 Insulation including clearance and creepage distances68 7.3.8 Residual Current Detection (RCD) or Monitoring (RCM) device compatibility 79 7.3.9 Protection against shock hazard du

19、e to stored energy.80 7.4 Protection against energy hazards 80 7.4.1 Determination of hazardous energy level.80 7.4.2 Operator access areas 81 7.4.3 Service access areas 81 7.5 Electrical tests related to shock hazard .81 7.5.1 Impulse voltage test (type test)81 7.5.2 Voltage test (dielectric streng

20、th test) (type test and routine test)83 7.5.3 Partial discharge test (type test or sample test) .87 7.5.4 Touch current measurement (type test) .88 7.5.5 Equipment with multiple sources of supply.89 8 Protection against mechanical hazards.89 8.1 General .89 8.2 Moving parts .90 8.2.1 Protection of s

21、ervice persons 90 8.3 Stability.90 8.4 Provisions for lifting and carrying.91 4 62109-1 IEC:2010(E) 8.5 Wall mounting .91 8.6 Expelled parts .92 9 Protection against fire hazards .92 9.1 Resistance to fire 92 9.1.1 Reducing the risk of ignition and spread of flame.92 9.1.2 Conditions for a fire encl

22、osure.93 9.1.3 Materials requirements for protection against fire hazard.93 9.1.4 Openings in fire enclosures .96 9.2 Limited power sources.100 9.2.1 General .100 9.2.2 Limited power source tests 100 9.3 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection.101 9.3.1 General .101 9.3.2 Number and location of ove

23、rcurrent protective devices101 9.3.3 Short-circuit co-ordination (backup protection).102 10 Protection against sonic pressure hazards102 10.1 General .102 10.2 Sonic pressure and sound level.102 10.2.1 Hazardous noise levels102 11 Protection against liquid hazards103 11.1 Liquid containment, pressur

24、e and leakage.103 11.2 Fluid pressure and leakage .103 11.2.1 Maximum pressure 103 11.2.2 Leakage from parts104 11.2.3 Overpressure safety device .104 11.3 Oil and grease.104 12 Chemical hazards.104 12.1 General .104 13 Physical requirements 105 13.1 Handles and manual controls 105 13.1.1 Adjustable

25、 controls 105 13.2 Securing of parts.105 13.3 Provisions for external connections .105 13.3.1 General .105 13.3.2 Connection to an a.c. mains supply .106 13.3.3 Wiring terminals for connection of external conductors 110 13.3.4 Supply wiring space.111 13.3.5 Wire bending space for wires 10 mm 2and gr

26、eater 112 13.3.6 Disconnection from supply sources112 13.3.7 Connectors, plugs and sockets 112 13.3.8 Direct plug-in equipment113 13.4 Internal wiring and connections .113 13.4.1 General .113 13.4.2 Routing113 13.4.3 Colour coding 113 13.4.4 Splices and connections 114 13.4.5 Interconnections betwee

27、n parts of the PCE .114 13.5 Openings in enclosures .114 62109-1 IEC:2010(E) 5 13.5.1 Top and side openings 114 13.6 Polymeric materials.116 13.6.1 General .116 13.6.2 Polymers serving as enclosures or barriers preventing access to hazards .117 13.6.3 Polymers serving as solid insulation 117 13.6.4

28、UV resistance118 13.7 Mechanical resistance to deflection, impact, or drop118 13.7.1 General .118 13.7.2 250 N deflection test for metal enclosures .119 13.7.3 7 J impact test for polymeric enclosures 119 13.7.4 Drop test .119 13.8 Thickness requirements for metal enclosures 120 13.8.1 General .120

29、13.8.2 Cast metal.120 13.8.3 Sheet metal .120 14 Components .122 14.1 General .122 14.2 Motor overtemperature protection124 14.3 Overtemperature protection devices 124 14.4 Fuse holders .124 14.5 Mains voltage selecting devices 124 14.6 Printed circuit boards 124 14.7 Circuits or components used as

30、transient overvoltage limiting devices 125 14.8 Batteries125 14.8.1 Battery enclosure ventilation125 14.8.2 Battery mounting .126 14.8.3 Electrolyte spillage 126 14.8.4 Battery connections.127 14.8.5 Battery maintenance instructions.127 14.8.6 Battery accessibility and maintainability.127 15 Softwar

31、e and firmware performing safety functions.127 Annex A (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances 128 Annex B (normative) Programmable equipment .133 Annex C (normative) Symbols to be used in equipment markings.134 Annex D (informative) Test probes for determining access.136 Annex

32、E (informative) RCDs 138 Annex F (informative) Altitude correction for clearances 140 Annex G (informative) Clearance and creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz 141 Annex H (informative) Measuring instrument for touch current measurements (see 7.5.4)144 Annex I (informat

33、ive) Examples of protection, insulation, and overvoltage category requirements for PCE .146 Annex J (normative) Ultraviolet light conditioning test 150 Figure 1 Functional summary of protective measures against electric shock 48 Figure 2 Typical waveform for a.c. working voltage 51 6 62109-1 IEC:201

34、0(E) Figure 3 Typical waveform for d.c. working voltage 51 Figure 4 Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage52 Figure 5 Examples for protection against direct contact for DVC-C circuits 56 Figure 6 Protection by DCV A with protective separation57 Figure 7 Protection by means of protective impe

35、dance 58 Figure 8 Protection by limitation of discharge energy .59 Figure 9 Protection by means of voltage limitation .60 Figure 10 Examples of protective bonding and earthing .61 Figure 11 Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with power fed from the PCE with overcurrent protection fo

36、r the power cable.63 Figure 12 Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with accessible parts and with power fed from the PCE without overcurrent protection.64 Figure 13 Voltage test procedures .85 Figure 14 Fire enclosure bottom openings below an unenclosed or partially enclosed componen

37、t97 Figure 15 Fire enclosure baffle construction.98 Figure 16 Examples of cross-sections of designs of openings preventing vertical access 115 Figure 17 Examples of louver design .115 Figure 18 Enclosure openings116 Figure 19 Methods of compliance verification.123 Figure A.1 Narrow groove 128 Figure

38、 A.2 Wide groove .129 Figure A.3 V-shaped groove 129 Figure A.4 Rib129 Figure A.5 Uncemented joint with narrow groove .129 Figure A.6 Uncemented joint with wide groove.130 Figure A.7 Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves.130 Figure A.8 Narrow recess 130 Figure A.9 Wide recess131 Figure A.10

39、Intervening, unconnected conductive part .131 Figure A.11 Distance for multilayer PWBs132 Figure D.1 Test finger 136 Figure D.2 Test pin 137 Figure D.3 Straight unjointed test finger.137 Figure E.1 Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD/RCM type upstream of a PCE.138 Figure G.1 Clearance distanc

40、e determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz.141 Figure G.2 Creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz .142 Figure H.1 Measuring instrument .144 Figure H.2 Alternative measuring instrument145 Figure I.1 Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter 147 Figure I.2 Transform

41、er (basic) isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for functional insulation.147 Figure I.3 Isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for basic insulation148 62109-1 IEC:2010(E) 7 Figure I.4 Transformer isolated auxiliary circuit with reinforced insulation .148 Figure I

42、5 Transformerless PV inverter.149 Table 1 Total temperature limits for transformers, inductors, and other coils and their insulation systems 30 Table 2 Total temperature limits for materials and components where manufacturers ratings and component standards do not exist (see 4.3.2.1) .30 Table 3 To

43、tal touch temperature limits for accessible surfaces.31 Table 4 Environmental categories, environmental conditions, and test requirements45 Table 5 Reduction of the pollution degree of internal environment through the use of additional protection .46 Table 6 Summary of the limits of the decisive vol

44、tage classes .49 Table 7 Examples of application of insulation and separation.50 Table 8 Insulation between accessible unearthed parts and DVC-A or -B circuits adjacent to DVC-B or -C circuits .55 Table 9 Values of accessible capacitance and charging voltage (threshold of pain) .59 Table 10 Test dur

45、ation for protective bonding test65 Table 11 External protective earthing conductor cross-section.66 Table 12 Insulation voltage for low voltage circuits 71 Table 13 Clearance distances73 Table 14 Creepage distances (mm)75 Table 15 Impulse voltage test 82 Table 16 Impulse test voltage 83 Table 17 AC

46、 or DC test voltage for circuits connected directly to the mains .84 Table 18 a.c. or d.c. test voltage for circuits not connected directly to the mains84 Table 19 Partial discharge test.88 Table 20 Summary of material flammability requirements.96 Table 21 Allowable openings in fire enclosure bottom

47、s 98 Table 22 Limits for inherently limited power sources 101 Table 23 Limits for power sources not inherently limited 101 Table 24 Sizes of conductors.108 Table 25 Physical tests on power supply cords 109 Table 26 Wire bending space from terminals to obstructions112 Table 27 Minimum property retent

48、ion limits after UV exposure.118 Table 28 Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: Carbon steel or stainless steel121 Table 29 Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass.122 Table A.1 Value of X128 Table C.1 Symbols.134 Table F.1 Correction factor for clearances at altitudes

49、 above 2 000 m (see 7.3.7.4.1)140 Table F.2 Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes.140 Table G.1 Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions (Table 1 of IEC 60664-4).142 Table G.2 Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges (Table 2 of IEC 60664-4) 143 8 62109-1 IEC:2010(E)