1、 IEC 62127-2 Edition 1.1 2013-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz Ultrasons Hydrophones Partie 2: Etalonnage des champs ultrasoniques jusqu 40 MHz IEC62127-2:2007+A1:2013 colourinsideTHIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIG
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16、nics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz Ultrasons Hydrophones Partie 2: Etalonnage des champs ultrasoniques jusqu 40 MHz INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 11.040.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-0649-2 Registered trademark of t
17、he International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. colourinsi
18、de 2 62127-2 IEC:2007+A1:2013 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9 4 List of symbols 15 5 Overview of calibration procedures . 17 5.1 Principles 17 5.2 Summary of calibration procedures 18 5.3 Reporting of results
19、 . 19 5.4 Recommended calibration periods . 21 6 Generic requirements of a hydrophone calibration system . 21 6.1 Mechanical positioning . 21 6.1.1 General . 21 6.1.2 Accuracy of the axial hydrophone position 21 6.1.3 Accuracy of the lateral hydrophone position 21 6.2 Temperature measurements and te
20、mperature stability . 22 6.3 Hydrophone size 22 6.4 Measurement vessel and water properties . 22 6.5 Measurement of output voltage 23 7 Electrical considerations . 23 7.1 Signal type 23 7.2 Earthing . 23 7.3 Measurement of hydrophone output voltage . 24 7.3.1 General . 24 7.3.2 Electrical loading by
21、 measuring instrument . 24 7.3.3 Electrical loading by extension cables 24 7.3.4 Noise . 24 7.3.5 Cross-talk (radio-frequency rf pick-up) and acoustic interference . 25 7.3.6 Integral hydrophone pre-amplifiers . 25 8 Preparation of hydrophones 25 8.1 General . 25 8.2 Wetting 25 8.3 Hydrophone suppor
22、t 25 8.4 Influence of cable 26 9 Free field reciprocity calibration 26 9.1 General . 26 9.2 Object . 26 9.3 General principles 26 9.3.1 General . 26 9.3.2 Three-transducer reciprocity calibration method . 26 9.3.3 Self-reciprocity calibration method . 26 9.3.4 Two-transducer reciprocity calibration
23、method 27 62127-2 IEC:2007+A1:2013 3 9.4 Two-transducer reciprocity calibration method 27 9.4.1 Apparatus 27 9.4.2 Procedure 27 10 Free field calibration by planar scanning . 27 10.1 General . 27 10.2 Object . 27 10.3 General principle . 28 10.4 Procedural requirements 29 10.4.1 Hydrophone scanning
24、29 10.5 Procedure 29 10.5.1 Power measurement 29 10.5.2 Transducer mounting . 30 10.5.3 Measurement conditions 30 10.5.4 Measurements . 30 10.6 Corrections and sources of uncertainty 30 11 Free field calibration by optical interferometry . 30 11.1 General . 30 11.2 Principle 31 12 Calibration by com
25、parison using a standard hydrophone . 31 12.1 General . 31 12.2 Object . 31 12.3 Principle 31 12.4 Procedural requirements 32 12.4.1 Source transducer . 32 12.4.2 Source transducer drive signal . 32 12.4.3 Measurement system . 32 12.5 Procedure 32 12.5.1 Measurements (Type I): determination of the d
26、irectional response of a hydrophone 32 12.5.2 Measurements (Type II): calibration by comparison using a standard hydrophone 33 12.6 Maximum hydrophone size . 33 Annex A (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in free field calibration of hydrophones . 35 Annex B (informative) Behaviour of PVDF polym
27、er sensors in high intensity ultrasonic fields . 37 Annex C (informative) Electrical loading corrections . 40 Annex D (informative) Absolute calibration of hydrophones using the planar scanning technique 41 Annex E (informative) Properties of water . 49 Annex F (informative) The absolute calibration
28、 of hydrophones by optical interferometry up to 40 MHz 51 Annex G (informative) Waveform concepts 61 Annex H (informative) Time delay spectrometry requirements and a brief review of the technique 71 Annex I (informative) Determination of the phase response of hydrophones 74 Annex J (informative) Max
29、imum size considerations for the active element of a hydrophone 80 4 62127-2 IEC:2007+A1:2013 Annex K (informative) Two-transducer reciprocity calibration method 82 Bibliography 97 Figure F.1 Experimental set-up of the interferometric foil technique 54 Figure F.2 End-of-cable open-circuit sensitivit
30、y, Mc, of a coplanar membrane hydrophone . 56 Figure F.3 Hydrophone waveform generated by a 9 m coplanar membrane hydrophone positioned at the focus of a 5 MHz transducer (focal length 51 mm) 57 Figure F.4 Interferometer (displacement) waveform generated with the pellicle positioned at the focus of
31、the 5 MHz transducer (focal position 51 mm) . 58 Figure F.5 Frequency spectrum of the displacement waveform (lower curve) and the differentiated displacement waveform (upper curve) 58 Figure F.6 Sensitivity of a 0,2 mm active element diameter of a 9 m bilaminar membrane hydrophone determined at 5 MH
32、z intervals over the frequency range 5 MHz to 60 MHz . 59 Figure G.1 Coordinates of a field point, P, in the near field of a plane-circular source transducer of radius, ta 68 Figure I.1 Phase of end-of-cable open-circuit sensitivity for two membrane hydrophones . 76 Figure I.2 Phase of end-of-cable
33、open-circuit sensitivity for a 0,2 mm needle hydrophone . 78 Figure K.1 Experimental arrangement for the two-transducer reciprocity calibration method . 95 Figure K.2 Block diagram of the electrical circuit for the two-transducer reciprocity calibration method. 95 Figure K.3 The value of the term Gc
34、(part of the correction factor k) plotted as a function of the normalized distance. 96 Figure K.4 Average pressure plotted against normalized distance for transducers of different size. Parameter is the ratio receiver/transmitter diameter (according to reference 7 in Clause K.12) . 96 Table 1 List o
35、f typical uncertainty values obtained by the calibration methods specified in this standard and for the frequency range listed here . 19 Table E.1 Speed of sound c 36, 37 and specific acoustic impedance, c, as a function of temperature, for propagation in water 49 Table G.1 Temporal waveform and hyd
36、rophone position concepts described in this annex . 61 Table I.1 Example of uncertainties (where a coverage factor, k = 2, is used) for a HTDS phase calibration of a needle hydrophone with a diameter of 0,2 mm, expressed at a confidence level of 95 % 76 62127-2 IEC:2007+A1:2013 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECT
37、ROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ULTRASONICS HYDROPHONES Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The o
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48、n of IEC 62127-2 consists of the first edition (2007) documents 87/353/CDV and 87/372/RVC, its amendment 1 (2013) documents 87/519/FDIS and 87/527/RVD and its corrigendum of August 2008. It bears the edition number 1.1. The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendme
49、nt and has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with deletions being struck through. 6 62127-2 IEC:2007+A1:2013 International Standard IEC 62127-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics. IEC 62127-1, IEC 62127-2 and IEC 62127-3 are being publis
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