IEC 62817-2014 Photovoltaic systems - Design qualification of solar trackers《光伏系统 太阳跟踪器的设计资质》.pdf

1、 IEC 62817 Edition 1.0 2014-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Photovoltaic systems Design qualification of solar trackers Systmes photovoltaques Qualification de conception des suiveurs solaires IEC 62817:2014-08(en-fr) colourinsideTHIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2014

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19、blication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 62817 Edition 1.0 2014-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Photovoltaic systems Design qualification of solar trackers Systmes photovoltaques Qualification de conception des suiveurs solaires INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHN

20、ICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XB ICS 27.160 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1826-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publicati

21、on from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. colourinside 2 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD. 6 1 Scope and object . 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Specifications for solar tracker

22、s for PV applications 9 5 Report . 12 6 Tracker definitions and taxonomy . 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Payload types . 13 6.2.1 Standard photovoltaic (PV) module trackers . 13 6.2.2 Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers . 13 6.3 Rotational axes . 14 6.3.1 General . 14 6.3.2 Single-axis tracker

23、s 14 6.3.3 Dual-axis trackers 15 6.4 Actuation and control 17 6.4.1 Architecture . 17 6.4.2 Drive train 17 6.4.3 Drive types 17 6.4.4 Drive train torque . 18 6.5 Types of tracker control . 18 6.5.1 Passive control 18 6.5.2 Active control . 18 6.5.3 Backtracking 19 6.6 Structural characteristics . 19

24、 6.6.1 Vertical supports 19 6.6.2 Foundation types . 20 6.6.3 Tracker positions . 20 6.6.4 Stow time . 21 6.7 Energy consumption 21 6.7.1 Daily energy consumption 21 6.7.2 Stow energy consumption 21 6.8 External elements and interfaces . 21 6.8.1 Foundation 21 6.8.2 Foundation interface 21 6.8.3 Pay

25、load . 21 6.8.4 Payload interface . 22 6.8.5 Payload mechanical interface . 22 6.8.6 Payload electrical interface 22 6.8.7 Grounding interface . 22 6.8.8 Installation effort 22 6.8.9 Control interface 22 6.9 Internal tolerances 23 6.9.1 Primary-axis tolerance . 23 6.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance . 23

26、 6.9.3 Backlash 23 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 3 6.9.4 Stiffness 23 6.10 Tracker system elements . 24 6.10.1 Mechanical structure 24 6.10.2 Tracker controller . 24 6.10.3 Sensors . 24 6.11 Reliability terminology . 24 6.11.1 General . 24 6.11.2 Mean time between failures (MTBF) . 24 6.11.3 Mean time bet

27、ween critical failures (MTBCF) 25 6.11.4 Mean time to repair (MTTR) . 25 6.12 Environmental conditions 25 6.12.1 Operating temperature range 25 6.12.2 Survival temperature range 25 6.12.3 Wind speed 25 6.12.4 Maximum wind during operation . 26 6.12.5 Maximum wind during stow . 26 6.12.6 Snow load 26

28、 7 Tracker accuracy characterization 26 7.1 Overview 26 7.2 Pointing error (instantaneous) . 26 7.3 Measurement 27 7.3.1 Overview . 27 7.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error 27 7.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool 28 7.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy 28 7.4.

29、1 Overview . 28 7.4.2 Data collection . 28 7.4.3 Data binning by wind speed 29 7.4.4 Data filtering 30 7.4.5 Data quantity . 30 7.4.6 Accuracy calculations . 30 8 Tracker test procedures . 31 8.1 Visual inspection . 31 8.1.1 Purpose . 31 8.1.2 Procedure 31 8.1.3 Requirements 31 8.2 Functional valida

30、tion tests . 32 8.2.1 Purpose . 32 8.2.2 Tracking limits verification 32 8.2.3 Hard limit switch operation . 32 8.2.4 Automatic sun tracking after power outage and feedback sensor shadowing . 32 8.2.5 Manual operation . 33 8.2.6 Emergency stop . 33 8.2.7 Maintenance mode . 33 8.2.8 Operational tempe

31、rature range . 33 8.2.9 Wind stow 33 8.3 Performance tests . 33 8.3.1 Purpose . 33 4 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 8.3.2 Daily energy and peak power consumption . 33 8.3.3 Stow time and stow energy and power consumption 34 8.4 Mechanical testing 34 8.4.1 Purpose . 34 8.4.2 Control/drive train pointing rep

32、eatability test . 35 8.4.3 Deflection under static load test . 36 8.4.4 Torsional stiffness, mechanical drift, drive torque, and backlash testing 38 8.4.5 Moment testing under extreme wind loading . 41 8.5 Environmental testing 43 8.5.1 Purpose . 43 8.5.2 Procedure 43 8.5.3 Requirements 45 8.6 Accel

33、erated mechanical cycling . 46 8.6.1 Purpose . 46 8.6.2 Procedure 46 8.6.3 Requirements 48 9 Design qualification testing specific to tracker electronic equipment 48 9.1 General purpose . 48 9.2 Sequential testing for electronic components . 48 9.2.1 General . 48 9.2.2 Visual inspection of electroni

34、c components . 49 9.2.3 Functioning test . 50 9.2.4 Protection against dust, water, and foreign bodies (IP code) . 51 9.2.5 Protection against mechanical impacts (IK code) 51 9.2.6 Robustness of terminals test 52 9.2.7 Surge immunity test . 53 9.2.8 Shipping vibration test 53 9.2.9 Shock test 54 9.2

35、10 UV test 54 9.2.11 Thermal cycling test . 55 9.2.12 Humidity-freeze test . 56 9.2.13 Damp heat . 57 10 Additional optional accuracy calculations . 57 10.1 Typical tracking accuracy range 57 10.2 Tracking error histogram . 57 10.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error . 5

36、8 Figure 1 Convention for elevation angle 16 Figure 2 Illustration of primary-axis tolerance for VPDAT 23 Figure 3 General illustration of pointing error 27 Figure 4 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error . 27 Figure 5 Example measurement locations for structural deflection . 37 Fi

37、gure 6 Load configurations while the payload is in the horizontal position . 37 Figure 7 Load configuration when the payload is in the vertical position 37 Figure 8 Moment load applied to an elevation axis 39 Figure 9 Angular displacement versus applied torque to axis of rotation 39 Figure 10 Exampl

38、es of characteristic length for (a) elevation torque, (b) azimuth torque . 41 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 5 Figure 11 Two configurations for extreme wind moment loading 42 Figure 12 Representation of a trackers discrete-movement profile 46 Figure 13 Representation of an accelerated discrete-movement pro

39、file for testing . 47 Figure 14 Test sequence for electronic components 49 Figure 15 Electronic component thermal cycling test . 55 Figure 16 Electronic component humidity-freeze test 56 Figure 17 Pointing-error frequency distribution for the entire test period 58 Figure 18 Available irradiance as a

40、 function of pointing error 58 Figure 19 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error with binning by wind speed . 59 Table 1 Tracker specification template . 10 Table 2 Alternate tracking-accuracy reporting template . 31 6 IEC 62817:2014 IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _

41、PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS DESIGN QUALIFICATION OF SOLAR TRACKERS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-

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