IEC TR 62510-2008 Standardising the characteristics of electricity《电学特性的标准化》.pdf

1、 IEC/TR 62510 Edition 1.0 2008-06 TECHNICAL REPORT Standardising the characteristics of electricity IEC/TR 62510:2008(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2008 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u

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8、 this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC/TR 62510 Edition 1.0 2008-06 TECHNICAL REPORT Standardising the characteristics of electricity INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL CO

9、MMISSION K ICS 29.020 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-9847-1 2 TR 62510 IEC:2008(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ STANDARDISING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all natio

10、nal electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical

11、 Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. In

12、ternational, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The

13、 formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendatio

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18、including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct applicatio

19、n of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare Internationa

20、l Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62510, which is a technical report, has been prepared b

21、y IEC technical committee 8: Systems aspects for electrical energy supply. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 8/1226/DTR 8/1248/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report o

22、n voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. TR 62510 IEC:2008(E) 3 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site und

23、er “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 4 TR 62510 IEC:2008(E) INTRODUCTION While standa

24、rds exist in various countries for some of the characteristics of electricity supplied from public networks, IEC 61000-2-1, 1990, EN 50160 and IEEE 1159 are attempts to cover all of the characteristics more or less comprehensively. EN 50160 was a response to a formal declaration that electricity is

25、a product according to European Directive 85/374/EEC concerning liability for defective products. The network operators have the responsibility of designing and operating the network with the required level of quality which may be defined by national laws, national or international standards. The fo

26、llowing text describes the nature of electricity and the relation between quality of supply and EMC. It is taken very largely from the EURELECTRIC PQ Report, 2 ndEdition. Quality of supply Of all the basic services on which modern society relies for support, electricity supply is one of the most ess

27、ential. In order to provide that support, several qualitative aspects are significant. a) Constant availability is an important requirement, involving for continuity of supply in day-to-day terms, an operating regime whereby the inevitable supply interruptions are prevented from being either unduly

28、prolonged or unduly frequent; for more long-term security of supply, a stable balance between user demand and the availability of generation, transmission and distribution assets as well as energy sources. b) The utilisation of electricity requires both voltage and frequency to be standardised in or

29、der that the supply as delivered to the user is co-ordinated with the equipment by which it is utilised. It is very important to maintain the supply within reasonable range of the standard values that are adopted for voltage and frequency. c) Notwithstanding acceptably stable levels of voltage and f

30、requency, there are several quite short-term, low-amplitude or occasional irregularities superimposed on the voltage that can hinder the proper functioning of electrical equipment within manufacturers installations or on the electricity network itself. NOTE There have been many different approaches

31、to classifying the qualitative aspects of electricity supply, complicated further by the current practice of separating the functions of generation, supply, network operation, etc. For example, a recent report by the Council of European Electricity Regulators uses the following terms: commercial qua

32、lity: concerning the business relationships between suppliers and users with respect to how well the various services are delivered (The services concerned are not confined to network operation); continuity of supply: concerning the extent to which customers find that their electricity supply is int

33、errupted for various reasons see a) above; voltage quality: concerning the technical characteristics of the supply with respect to the voltage delivered to customers, i.e. its magnitude and frequency, as in b) above, together with the potentially disturbing aspects referred to in c) above. TR 62510

34、IEC:2008(E) 5 STANDARDISING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY 1 Scope This technical report outlines the way in which electricity is now described as a product. Particularly, in Europe and several other areas, for example Brazil and Argentina, as well as in some states in the United States of Ameri

35、ca. It is, however, rather a unique product because of its intangible and transient nature. Strictly, it is a product that exists only for an instant at a given point of delivery, comes into existence at the same instant at which it is being used and is replaced immediately by a new product with rat

36、her different characteristics. Its characteristics are different at each separate point of delivery. Moreover, it is a product whose quality depends not only on the elements that go into its production, but also in the way in which it is being used at any instant by the equipment of multiple users.

37、Therefore, the quality control that is possible for more tangible and concrete products is not applicable in the case of electricity. All that can be attempted is some control of the conditions under which it is produced, transmitted and distributed and those under which it is used. In particular, t

38、he capacity of utilisation equipment to impinge on the quality of electricity, including that delivered to other equipment, must be recognized. Electrical equipment has become increasingly complex in terms of the functions it fulfils and the way in which it interacts with other electrical equipment.

39、 Frequently, that interaction takes place through the medium of the electricity network, which is the common energy source for all the equipment. It arises because the network, intended to be a common energy source, also provides a conducting path interlinking all equipment. In effect, the electroma

40、gnetic phenomena arising from the behaviour of utilisation equipment are superimposed on the other characteristics of the electricity supply, and become part of the product that is delivered to the system user. They are joined also by phenomena arising from atmospheric and other external events and

41、from the intrinsic response of a large electricity system to such events. 2 The power quality phenomena Observation of normalized network impedance characteristics, such as proposed in IEC 60725 for 16 A and 75 A supplies, is essential so that electricity suppliers, distributors and system users can

42、 share the power quality responsibility. NOTE Normalized network impedances are not always applicable in many countries, because the particular network configuration makes the power quality management easier and more reasonable by using other methods rather than normalized network impedances. The de

43、gree of economic development has a great influence on the importance attached to the different elements of supply quality. At an earlier stage of development, the primary concerns are likely to be that electricity is actually available and, when available, that the voltage and frequency are within r

44、easonable range of their nominal values for most of the time. When these are the primary concerns, such matters as voltage dips, transients, etc. are seen as having minor relevance. With more advanced economic development, however, continuity, voltage and frequency, while remaining important, begin

45、to be taken for granted, and the emphasis shifts to the set of phenomena encompassed by the modern term, “power quality”. These phenomena are briefly described below. 6 TR 62510 IEC:2008(E) Harmonics, interharmonics and frequencies in the range of 2 kHz to 9 kHz: these arise mainly from system users

46、 equipment that draws a current not linearly related to the voltage, thereby injecting currents at unwanted frequencies into the supply network. Flicker, as a main effect of voltage fluctuations, which are caused by system users equipment drawing current of fluctuating magnitude, resulting in corres

47、ponding fluctuation of the voltage on the network. Short duration RMS variation (instantaneous, momentary, and temporarily): these are caused by the sudden occurrence and termination of short circuits, motor starts or other current increase on the supply system or installations connected to it. Tran

48、sient overvoltages (Impulsive and oscillatory): several phenomena, including the operation of switches and fuses and the occurrence of lightning strokes in proximity to the supply networks, give rise to transient overvoltages in distribution networks and in the installations connected to them. Tempo

49、rary power frequency overvoltages and undervoltages (long duration RMS variations): depending on the utilities practices, temporary power frequency overvoltages between live conductors and earth occur often as a consequence of a neutral conductor interruption. A temporary power frequency overvoltage may also appear during an earth fault in the public distribution system or in a customers installation and disappears when the fault is cleared. Harmonics: these frequencies are integer (multiple) of the fundamen