1、 IEC/TR 62547 Edition 2.0 2013-05 TECHNICAL REPORT Guidelines for the measurement of high-power damage sensitivity of single- mode fibre to bends Guidance for the interpretation of results IEC/TR 62547:2013(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Geneva, Switzerl
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9、T Guidelines for the measurement of high-power damage sensitivity of single- mode fibre to bends Guidance for the interpretation of results INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION W ICS 33.180.10 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-801-4 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commissio
10、n Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Background 7 4 Test procedures . 9 4.1 Safety 9 Safety issues . 9 4.1.1Eye safe working . 9 4.1.2Risk of fire/fl
11、ame . 9 4.1.3Risk of atmospheric pollution from coating by-products 9 4.1.4Risk of fibre fuse initiation . 9 4.1.5Risk of damage to downstream components 10 4.1.6Risk avoidance 10 4.1.7 4.2 General . 10 4.3 Apparatus 10 Light source . 10 4.3.1Isolator 10 4.3.2Bend jig . 11 4.3.3Receiver 11 4.3.4Atte
12、nuator . 11 4.3.5Computer 11 4.3.6Camera . 11 4.3.7Thermal imaging camera . 11 4.3.8Oven . 11 4.3.9Sample 12 4.3.10 4.4 Test method 1 Failure time characterization as a function of the launch power and bend conditions (bend angle and diameter) 12 Description and procedure . 12 4.4.1General comments
13、and conclusions on test method 1 13 4.4.2Reported items for test method 1 . 14 4.4.3 4.5 Test method 2 Equilibrium temperature measurement 14 General . 14 4.5.1Coating heating measurements and power lost at bend . 16 4.5.2Analysis test method 2: equilibrium temperature . 17 4.5.3Test conditions for
14、test method 2 . 18 4.5.4Conclusions on test method 2 19 4.5.5Reported items for test method 2 . 19 4.5.6 5 Conclusions 20 Annex A (informative) Robustness of fibres against damage from exposure to high power at bends . 21 Bibliography 39 Figure 1 Example of experimental layout 11 Figure 2 Damage res
15、ults for fibre G 13 Figure 3 Example of time evolution of catastrophic high-power loss and related maximum temperature reached by the coating near to the top of the bent fibre (apex) 15 TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) 3 Figure 4 Sample FLIR camera output of the fibre bent under high power . 16 Figure 5 Depende
16、nce of the coating equilibrium temperature as a function of launched power and bend diameter for an IEC B1.2/ITU-T G.654 single-mode fibre (see reference 10) 16 Figure 6a Calculated from experimental test data at 1 360 nm 18 Figure 6b Extrapolated for 1 550 nm 18 Figure 6c Extrapolated for 1 625 nm
17、18 Figure 6 Maximum safe powers for 25 year life time as a function of bend radius enabling a safe coating temperature of 80 C for four single-mode fibre (sub-) categories . 18 Figure A.1 Clamping arrangements for high-power damage testing in 180 bends 23 Figure A.2 Clamping arrangement for high-pow
18、er damage testing in 90 bends . 23 Figure A.3 Typical R1 failure characteristics with a loss of greater than 10 dB . 24 Figure A.4 Typical R2 failure characteristics 24 Figure A.5 A schematic illustration of the three regimes . 24 Figure A.6 Monitor signal changes Typical for an R1 failure 25 Figure
19、 A.7 Monitor signal changes Typical for an R2 failure 25 Figure A.8 Damage results for fibre sample D 26 Figure A.9 High-power damage results at 90 and 180 for fibre D . 26 Figure A.10 Time to failure versus bend diameter at different launched powers . 27 Figure A.11 Bend loss performance at 180 (an
20、d 90 for comparison) for fibre D 28 Figure A.12 Power limitation for primary coated fibre . 28 Figure A.13 Comparison of power limitation for primary and secondary coated fibre D . 29 Figure A.14 Maximum optical power ensuring a 25 year lifetime and 180 bend loss versus bend diameter (from reference
21、 10). 30 Figure A.15 Maximum optical power ensuring a 25 year lifetime versus 180 bend loss . 30 Figure A.16 180 2-point OSA bend loss for fibre D 32 Figure A.17 180 2-point bend loss at 1 480 nm for fibre D . 32 Figure A.18 2-point bend loss for fibre D at various angles . 33 Figure A.19 180 2-poin
22、t bend loss at 1 480 nm for a range of fibres . 34 Figure A.20 Time to failure versus inverse of equilibrium temperature using an IEC B1.2/ITU-T G.654 single-mode fibre for bend diameters varying from 4 mm to 10 mm and launched power in the range 0,8 W to 3,2 W . 35 Figure A.21 Effect of baking prim
23、ary coated fibre C (reference 15) in an oven at constant temperature 35 Figure A.22 Time to failure for different coatings as a function of bend radius 37 Table A.1 Dependence of high-power damage on power entering coating 37 4 TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDELI
24、NES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-POWER DAMAGE SENSITIVITY OF SINGLE-MODE FIBRE TO BENDS GUIDANCE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC N
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36、f the art“. IEC 62547, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86A: Fibres and cables, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009, and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect
37、 to the previous edition are listed below: updates related to B6 (bend-insensitive) category single-mode fibres); update to analysis for test method 2: Maximum temperature specification. TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) 5 The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Repor
38、t on voting 86A/1494/DTR 86A/1508/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the co
39、ntents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual
40、version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a col
41、our printer. 6 TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) GUIDELINES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-POWER DAMAGE SENSITIVITY OF SINGLE-MODE FIBRE TO BENDS GUIDANCE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 1 Scope This technical report describes two methods for the measurement of the sensitivity of single- mode optical fibres to hi
42、gh-power damage at bends: test method 1 Failure time characterisation as a function of the launch power and bend conditions (bend angle and bend diameter); test method 2 Equilibrium temperature measurement. Results from the two methods can only be compared qualitatively. The results in this report a
43、re predominantly on un-cabled and un-buffered fibres. Cabled and buffered fibres are expected to respond differently, because the outer layers can affect the ageing process. Note also that test method 2 testing cannot be applied to buffered or cabled fibres. These methods do not constitute a routine
44、 test to be used in the evaluation of optical fibre. The parameters derived from the two methods are not intended to be specified within a detailed fibre specification. The catastrophic failure modes arising and which are described in this document in general occur at bending radii much smaller than
45、 specified in the single-mode fibre specification IEC 60793-2-50 or than would be recommended based on mechanical reliability considerations alone. This report includes several annexes, including a discussion on the rationale for the approaches adopted, metrics for assessment, guidance, examples and
46、 some conclusions from initial studies. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
47、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-1-47, Optical fibres Part 1-47: Measurement methods and test procedures Macrobending loss IEC 60793-2-50, Optical fibres Part 2-50: Product specifications Sectional specification for class B single-mode fibres IEC 60825-1, Safety of l
48、aser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS) TR 62547 IEC:2013(E) 7 IEC 61300-2-14, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components Basic test and measurement procedures P
49、art 2-14: Tests High optical power IEC/TR 61292-4, Optical amplifiers Part 4: Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers 3 Background Optical network operators have been considering the use of high-power lasers, for example fibre Raman amplifiers, in the central office with typical launch powers in
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