IEC TR 62396-6-2017 Process management for avionics - Atmospheric radiation effects - Part 6 Extreme space weather - Potential impact on the avionics environmen.pdf

1、 IEC TR 62396-6 Edition 1.0 2017-07 TECHNICAL REPORT Process management for avionics Atmospheric radiation effects Part 6: Extreme space weather Potential impact on the avionics environment and electronics IEC TR 62396-6:2017-07(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 201

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11、radiation effects Part 6: Extreme space weather Potential impact on the avionics environment and electronics INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 03.100.50; 31.020; 49.060 ISBN 978-2-8322-4512-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that yo

12、u obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 7 5 Extreme space weather (ESW) 8 5.1 General . 8 5.2 Space

13、weather relevant to avionics . 8 5.3 Examples of proton spectra for GLEs 9 5.4 GLEs in recent history . 10 5.5 GLEs inferred from historical data . 11 5.5.1 General . 11 5.5.2 The Carrington event . 11 5.5.3 The AD774-775 event 11 5.6 Defining an extreme space weather environment 12 5.6.1 General .

14、12 5.6.2 ESW level 1: February 1956 GLE 13 5.6.3 ESW level 2: An event much larger than the February 1956 GLE, approximately representative of a 1-in-1 000-year event 15 5.7 Forecasting the occurrence of an extreme space weather event . 15 5.8 Acceleration factors in ground testing . 16 5.9 Real-tim

15、e atmospheric radiation monitoring and aircraft in-flight radiation monitoring . 16 6 Considerations of ESW impact on infrastructure related to flight operations . 17 Bibliography 18 Figure 1 23 February 1956 GLE Integral and differential proton spectra fitted with band and exponential functions . 1

16、0 Figure 2 19 October 1989 GLE Integral and differential proton spectra fitted with band and exponential functions . 10 Figure 3 Proton spectra for galactic cosmic ray background (solid red line) and February 1956 GLE (dashed blue line), and ratio between the two (green dotted line) . 13 Figure 4 In

17、tegral neutron spectra at ground level (top) and 12 km altitude (bottom) for GCR and GLE conditions at two cut-off rigidities 14 IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PROCESS MANAGEMENT FOR AVIONICS ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION EFFECTS Part 6: Extreme space weather Pote

18、ntial impact on the avionics environment and electronics FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-ope

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29、Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 62396-6, which is a technical report, has been prepare

30、d by IEC technical committee 107: Process management for avionics. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC PAS 62396-6 published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The technical changes with respect to the previous edition are the contents of the present

31、 document. 4 IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 107/298/DTR 107/305/RVDTR Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the abo

32、ve table. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62396 series, published under the general title Process management for avionics Atmospheric radiation effects can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the

33、 contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version

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35、nter. IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 5 INTRODUCTION This document provides information intended to improve the understanding of extreme space weather events. Rarely occurring natural hazards can have a high impact to society and national economies. Natural events have no respect for national boundarie

36、s and the whole world can suffer. The April 2010 Icelandic (Eyjafjallajkull) volcano eruption and resulting ash cloud and the March 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami demonstrated how devastating rarely occurring natural events can be. In 2011 the UK recognised “extreme space weather” (ESW) events

37、 (also referred to as solar super storms and sometimes simply as super storms) as one of these rare, but high impact, hazards. There is evidence of the impact of ESW events in the past. During an event in February 1956, which was monitored at ground level, a rise in radiation flux of more than 2 ord

38、ers of magnitude was derived for aircraft environments. The document does not consider high altitude nuclear explosions or any other man-made modifications of space weather. . 6 IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 PROCESS MANAGEMENT FOR AVIONICS ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION EFFECTS Part 6: Extreme space weather P

39、otential impact on the avionics environment and electronics 1 Scope This part of IEC 62396, which is a technical report, provides information intended to improve the understanding of extreme space weather events; it details the mechanisms and conditions that produce “extreme space weather” (ESW) as

40、a result of a large increase in the activity on the surface of the sun and it discusses the potential radiation environment based on projection of previous recorded ESW. This document does not detail the solutions with regard to the ESW events whose occurrence is extremely rare. As the stakes relate

41、d to ESW environment go widely beyond the electronics issues and there are a lot of other elements in consideration (human concern for example), this document does not detail potential specific provisions or mitigations. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in s

42、uch a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62396-1:2016, Process management for avionics Atm

43、ospheric radiation effects Part 1: Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effects via single event effects within avionics electronic equipment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62396-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain term

44、inological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 Carrington event largest solar storm on record, which took place from 1 to 3 September 1859, and

45、 is named after British astronomer Richard Carrington 3.2 coronal mass ejection CME large burst of solar wind plasma ejected into space IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 7 3.3 extreme space weather ESW solar activity leading to the endangerment of engineered systems or human health and safety 3.4 geo-eff

46、ective storm causing 3.5 geomagnetic storm worldwide disturbance of the Earths magnetic field induced by a solar storm 3.6 single event effect SEE response of a component caused by the impact of a single particle (for example galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, energetic neutrons and pr

47、otons) Note 1 to entry: The range of responses can include both non-destructive (for example upset) and destructive (for latch-up or gate rupture) phenomena. SOURCE: IEC 62396-1:2016, 3.53 3.7 solar energetic particles SEP high-energy particles coming from the sun 3.8 AD774 large ground level enhanc

48、ement (GLE) implied by radiocarbon-dating of tree rings to have occurred in AD774-775 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms ATC air traffic control CAA Civil Aviation Authority CME ConOps EDAC ESW coronal mass ejection concept of operation error detection and correction extreme space weather FAA Federal

49、Aviation Administration GCR galactic cosmic rays GEO geostationary orbit GLE ground level enhancement GLNM ground level neutron monitor GNSS global navigation satellite systems GPS global positioning system GRB HF gamma ray burst high frequency IAVWOPSG International Airways Volcano Watch Operations Group 8 IEC TR 62396-6:2017 IEC 2017 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection LF MBU low frequency multi