ANSI AWS B4 0M-2000 Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing ofWelds (1st Edition)《焊缝的机械测试方法》.pdf

1、Standard Methodsfor MechanicalTesting ofWeldsAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 25, 2000Reaffirmed: August 6, 2010Standard Methods forMech

2、anical Testing of Welds1st EditionPrepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractMechanical test methods that are applicable to welds and welded joints a

3、re described. For each testing method, infor-mation is provided concerning applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society for Testingand Materials (ASTM), and American Petroleum Institute (API) documents; the required testing apparatus, specimenpreparation, procedure to be

4、 followed, and report requirements are also described.iiAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-622-4American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2000 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaReaffirmed: August 6

5、, 2010Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, perso

6、nal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; In

7、ternet:.iiiAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance

8、with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full

9、legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other d

10、ocumentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that br

11、ingstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the sound

12、ness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this st

13、andard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to

14、perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that th

15、e use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent

16、 or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compl

17、iance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard m

18、ay only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex C).With regard to technical inqu

19、iries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving the

20、m. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any

21、 time by the AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and s

22、hould beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B4 Committee onMechanical Testing of Welds and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B4 Committee o

23、n Mechanical Testing of Welds toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments areprovided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained fromthe American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJ

24、eune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)vAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)Personnel (Reaffirmation)AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsR. F. Waite, Chair ConsultantL. D. Van Leaven, Vice Chair Electric BoatR. J. Wong, 2nd Vice Chair Naval Surface Warfare C

25、enterB. C. McGrath, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. R. Crisci ConsultantD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. H. Smith ConsultantK. Zerkle ConsultantAdvisors to the AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsJ. J. DeLoach, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare CenterD. B. Holiday Northrop Grumman C

26、orporationE. L. Lavy ConsultantL. Li Utah State UniversityT. McGaughy Edison Welding InstituteH. W. Mishler ConsultantG. R. Pearson Anderson LaboratoriesA. G. Portz ConsultantW. W. St. Cyr, II Stennis Space CenterThis page is intentionally blank.viAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)viiAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)Perso

27、nnel (Original)*AdvisorAWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of WeldsJ. R. Crisci, Chair ConsultantH. Hahn, Chair 19921999 ConsultantR. F. Waite, P.E., 1st Vice Chair ConsultantD. A. Fink, 2nd Vice Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyC. B. Pollock, Secretary American Welding Society*J. J. DeLoach, Jr

28、. Naval Surface Warfare Center*E. L. Lavy ConsultantT. McGaughy Edison Welding Institute*T. Melvin General Electric Aircraft EnginesH. W. Mishler Consultant*A. G. Portz Consultant*H. S. Sayre Consultant*A. E. Schuele Corrpro Companies, IncorporatedD. E. Smith ConsultantJ. H. Smith NIST*W. W. St. Cyr

29、, II NASAR. J. Wong Naval Surface Warfare CenterK. Zerkle Hobart InstituteThis page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)ixAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010), Standard Methods forMechanical Testing of Welds, but is included for informational

30、 purposes only.This standard covers the common tests for the mechanical testing of welds. They are defined and illustrated in fiveparts related to testing of groove welds, fillet welds, and stud welds. The tests include: bend tests, tension tests, fracturetoughness tests, soundness tests, shear test

31、s, nick-break test, hardness tests, stud weld tests, and selected weldability tests.This document extensively uses American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Methods and specifieshow to use these methods when testing weldments. It takes into consideration the variations in properties

32、 that can occurbetween different regions (base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal) of a weldment.Methods of hardness testing and mechanical property tests for base metals are covered by ASTM standards or theindividual material specification. The joint tests for brazements are covered in AWS C

33、3.2, Standard Methods for Evaluatingthe Strength of Brazed Joints in Shear.This Foreword applies to all five parts. Additional information on the mechanical testing of welded joints may beobtained from the AWS Welding Handbook, Volume 1.The values stated in SI Units and used throughout this document

34、 are to be regarded as standard. Recommendation forstyle and usage of SI Units may be found in AWS A1.1, Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Industry.An expanded section on weldability testing is included in this edition of B4.0M. Selected weldability test methods aredescribed.Safety Precautions.

35、Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting,and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society.Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety p

36、roblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriatesafety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be

37、sent to the Secretary,AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126.This page is intentionally blank.xAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)xiAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel (Reaffirmation) vPersonnel (Original).viiForewordi

38、xList of Tables.xvPart ATesting of Groove WeldsA1. Bend Tests 11. Scope12. Applicable Documents.13. Summary of Method 24. Significance25. Definitions and Symbols26. Apparatus .27. Specimens 28. Procedure .39. Report.310. Commentary.4A2. Tension Tests.151. Scope152. Applicable Documents.153. Summary

39、of Method 154. Significance155. Definitions and Symbols166. Apparatus .167. Specimens 168. Procedure .179. Report.17A3. Fracture Toughness Tests .241. Scope242. Applicable Documents.243. Summary of Method 244. Significance255. Definitions and Symbols256. Apparatus .257. Specimens 258. Procedure .259

40、. Report.25Part BTesting of Fillet WeldsB1. Longitudinal Guided-Bend Test .331. Scope332. Applicable Documents.333. Summary of Method 334. Significance335. Definitions and Symbols33xiiPage No.AWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)6. Apparatus .347. Specimens 348. Procedure .349. Report.34B2. Soundness Tests361. Sco

41、pe362. Applicable Documents.363. Summary of Method 364. Significance365. Definitions and Symbols366. Apparatus .367. Specimens 378. Procedure .379. Report.37B3. Shear Tests .411. Scope412. Applicable Documents.413. Summary of Method 414. Significance415. Definitions and Symbols416. Apparatus .427. S

42、pecimens 428. Procedure .429. Report.42Part CTesting of Groove and Fillet WeldsC1. Nick-Break Test 451. Scope452. Applicable Documents.453. Summary of Method 454. Significance465. Definitions and Symbols466. Apparatus .467. Specimens 468. Procedure .479. Report.47C2. Hardness Tests551. Scope552. App

43、licable Documents.553. Summary of Method 554. Significance555. Definitions566. Apparatus .567. Specimens 568. Procedure .569. Report.56Part DStud Weld Tests1. Scope572. Applicable Documents.573. Summary of Method 574. Significance58xiiiPage No.AWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)5. Definitions and Symbols586. App

44、aratus .587. Specimens 588. Procedure .589. Report.58Part EWeldability TestingE1. Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test 621. Scope622. Applicable Documents.623. Summary of Method 624. Significance625. Definitions and Symbols636. Apparatus .637. Specimens 638. Procedure .639. Report.64E2. Cruciform

45、Test701. Scope702. Applicable Documents.703. Summary of Method 704. Significance705. Definitions and Symbols706. Apparatus .717. Specimens 718. Procedure .719. Report.71E3. Implant Test751. Scope752. Applicable Documents.753. Summary of Method 754. Significance755. Definitions and Symbols756. Appara

46、tus .757. Specimens 768. Procedure .769. Report.7610. Commentary.76E4. Lehigh Restraint Test801. Scope802. Applicable Documents.803. Summary of Method 804. Significance805. Definitions and Symbols806. Apparatus .817. Specimens 818. Procedure .819. Report.81E5. Varestraint Test.841. Scope842. Applica

47、ble Documents.84xivPage No.AWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)3. Summary of Method 844. Significance845. Definitions and Symbols856. Apparatus .857. Specimens 858. Procedure .859. Report.8610. Commentary.86E6. Oblique Y-Groove Test .901. Scope902. Applicable Documents.903. Summary of Method 904. Significance905.

48、 Definitions and Symbols906. Apparatus .917. Specimens 918. Procedure .919. Report.91Annex A (Informative)Bibliography of Weldability Tests97Annex B (Informative)Round Tensile Specimen5:1 Gage Length to Diameter Ratio .99Annex C (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries .103

49、xvAWS B4.0M:2000 (R2010)List of FiguresFigure Page No.Part ATesting of Groove WeldsBend TestsA1 Typical Bottom Ejecting Guided Bend Test Fixture 5A2 Typical Bottom Guided Bend Test Fixture 6A3 Typical Wraparound Guided Bend Test Fixture 7A4 Bend Test Nomograph8A5 Transverse Side Bend Specimens (Plate).9A6 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Plate) .10A7 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Pipe) 11A8 Longitudinal Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Plate) 12A9 Fillet Weld Root Bend Test Specimen .13A10 Surfacing Weld Face Bend and Side Bend Specimens 14Tension Te