1、Copyright 1988The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.ANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986An
2、 American National StandardIEEE Guide for Reporting Failure Data for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactorson Electric Utility Power SystemsSponsorIEEE Transformers Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietySecretariatInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineersof theNational Electrical Manuf
3、acturers AssociationApproved 19 June 1986Reaffirmed 10 May 2005IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved 21 August 1987Reaffirmed July 9, 1993American National Standards InstituteIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committe
4、es of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent aconsensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outs
5、ide of IEEE whichhave expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no otherways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services r
6、elated to the scope of the IEEEStandard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at le
7、ast once every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document ismore than five years old, and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still ofsome value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine
8、 that they havethe latest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate suppo
9、rting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEE
10、E Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it isimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation re
11、questsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board345 East 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017USAIEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Ele
12、ctrical and Electronics Engineers without regard towhether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assumeany liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standardsdocuments.iiiForeword(This F
13、oreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986, IEEE Guide for Reporting Failure Data for Power Transform-ers and Shunt Reactors on Electric Utility Power Systems.)The IEEE Transformer Reliability Working Group was formed in 1974 under the Performance Characteris-tics Subcommittee of the IEEE Trans
14、formers Committee. The purpose of this working group was to investi-gate the feasibility of pursuing transformer reliability on electric utility power systems. To best address thesubject of transformer reliability, the IEEE Working Group concentrated on this guide.Early in the development of this gu
15、ide, it was recognized that the Edison Electric Institute (EEI), and in par-ticular, the Electrical System and Equipment Committee (ES therefore, thefollowing failure denitions are given.2.3.1 failure with forced outage:Failure of a transformer that requires its immediate removal from service.This i
16、s accomplished either automatically or as soon as switching operations can be performed.2.3.2 failure with scheduled outage:Failure for which a transformer must be deliberately taken out of serviceat a selected time.2.3.3 defect:Imperfection or partial lack of performance that can be corrected witho
17、ut taking the transformerout of service.2.4 failure rate: The ratio of the number of “failures with forced outages” of a given population over a givenperiod of time, to the number of accumulated service years for all transformers in that population over the sameperiod of time.NOTE The failure rate d
18、ened here is composed of “failures with forced outages.” This is used for statistical analysis insystem mathematical studies. Other reports may be made using “failure with scheduled outages” and “defects.” Tabulationof scheduled outages and defects needs to be aggressively pursued from the standpoin
19、t of reliability improvement. It shouldbe recognized that reliability improvement is different from reliability measurement. Quantitative, mathematically correct,reliability measurement can only be accomplished by counting “failures with a forced outage.” Reliability improvement, onthe other hand, c
20、an be accomplished through tabulating and reporting a wide variety of problems.2.5 population: Transformers that have given common specic characteristics.2.6 reliability:The probability that a transformer will perform its specied function under specied conditionsfor a specied period of time.2.7 repa
21、ir: Any operation that requires the dismantling, modication, or replacement of transformer compo-nents that results in restoring the transformer to normal service quality.2.8 shunt reactor:A reactor intended for connection in shunt to an electric system for the purpose of drawinginductive current. S
22、ee ANSI/IEEE C57.21-1981 4, 2.1.2.2.9 transformer:A static electric device consisting of a winding, or two or more coupled windings, with orwithout a magnetic core, for introducing mutual coupling between electric circuits. See ANSI/IEEE C57.12.80-1978 3, 2.1.1.NOTEThe transformer includes all trans
23、former-related components, such as bushings, LTCs, fans, temperature gauges,etc, and excludes all system-related components, such as surge arresters, grounding resistors, high-voltage switches, low-voltage switches, and house service equipment.2.10 user: The owner of the transformer.4 Copyright 1988
24、 IEEE All Rights ReservedANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986 IEEE GUIDE FOR REPORTING FAILURE DATA FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS3. Purpose3.1 To promote and facilitate cooperative efforts between users and manufacturers to improve the reliability of powertransformers.3.2 To encourage the collection of sufficient data t
25、o allow investigation of all effects on transformer reliability includingapplication, installation methods, operating and maintenance practices, design, construction, and testing of thetransformer.3.3 To provide sufficient information and examples to promote data analysis that is meaningful as well
26、as mathematicallycorrect.3.4 To ensure consistency of nomenclature and compatibility with similiar efforts by other organizations.4. Access to Data and Reports4.1 The usefulness and statistical validity of a reporting system such as suggested in thin guide will depend upon theamount and the quality
27、of input data provided.4.2 To provide a sufficiently large data base within a reasonable time, sincere, continued efforts to cooperate in providingthis data are required from users and manufacturers alike. Efforts to provide the necessary data will be minimal unlessall participants clearly see thems
28、elves benefiting from the results. For this reason it is suggested that the party orparties who undertake the establishment of a reporting and analysis system consider the following points.4.2.1 Published Annual ReportsAggregate reports, that is, summaries made from inputs of all manufacturers or al
29、l users or both, will provide moreaccurate estimates of reliability than will summaries made from data on individual manufacturers or users by virtue ofthe greater amount of data available.4.2.2 Direct Access to the Data Base and Outputs from ItIf a nationwide, or even worldwide, system of reporting
30、 to a central data base is established, direct access to this database via computer terminal may be a distinct possibility. In designing such a system, those involved may wish toconsider the following.Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights Reserved 5AND SHUNT REACTORS ON ELECTRIC UTILITY POWER SYSTEMS ANSI/
31、IEEE C57.117-19864.2.2.1 When enough product data of a design nature is available in the data base to enable a manufacturer to makeinvestigations for reliability improvement of its own product, then some of this data may be of a proprietary nature.4.2.2.2 Information in the data base on numbers of t
32、ransformers installed per year of various types by each manufacturer mayalso be proprietary.4.2.2.3 When enough installation data of a users system are available in the data base to enable a user to make investigationsfor reliability improvement of its own system, then some of this data may be of a
33、proprietary nature.5. Use of This Guide5.1 The data collection and reporting system outlined in this guide is developed for transformer reliability analysis onelectric utility power systems. The same principles, however, apply equally to users, manufacturers, or anyorganization that may wish to esta
34、blish a reporting system for their own population of transformers.5.2 Diversity in design, application, maintenance practices, etc, may result in nonhomogeneous groups of data beingcollected. Confidence levels may be applied to aid in determining when enough data is available so that validconclusion
35、s can be drawn.5.3 The following principles have been identified as important to the successful application of this guide.5.3.1 No transformer should be entered as a member of the population unless there is intention to implement a system forfailure reporting and removal of that transformer from the
36、 population when appropriate.5.3.2 In calculating transformer accumulated service years, provision should be made for excluding time when a transformeris de-energized for a period greater than three months.5.3.3 Only a “failure with forced outage” may be used to calculate a failure rate for statisti
37、cal purposes. This is used forstatistical analysis in system mathematical studies. Other reports may be made using “failure with scheduled outages”and “defects.” Tabulation of scheduled outages and defects needs to be aggressively pursued from the standpoint ofreliability improvement. It should be r
38、ecognized that reliability improvement is different from reliabilitymeasurement. Quantitative, mathematically correct, reliability measurement can only be accomplished by counting6 Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights ReservedANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986 IEEE GUIDE FOR REPORTING FAILURE DATA FOR POWER TRANSFORM
39、ERS“failures with a forced outage.” Reliability improvement, on the other hand, can be accomplished through tabulatingand reporting a wide variety of problems.5.3.4 Confidence levels may only be applied to failure rates calculated from failures with forced outage.5.3.5 If a failure rate statistic is
40、 to be associated with a particular manufacturers transformer, it may only be calculated fromfailures resulting exclusively from the population of that manufacturer.5.3.6 It is recommended that before entering failure analysis data into the data base the manufacturer be given ampleopportunity to par
41、ticipate in the investigation and agree or disagree on the cause of failure.6. Establishing a Data Base6.1 One of the first requirements for a system capable of producing high confidence level failure rate statistics is theestablishment of a data base.6.2 Refer to Form 1, Transformer Population Info
42、rmation (see Fig 1) and note that it is divided into three sections. Theuser will have ultimate responsibility to supply all the information; however, the user may solicit the aid of themanufacturer.6.2.1 Section I information is mainly concerned with the rating and construction of the transformer.6
43、.2.2 Section II information is mainly concerned with the installation of the transformer.6.2.3 Section III information is concerned with the removal of the transformer from service.6.3 A suggested procedure to be used in supplying population data to the data base is as follows.Copyright 1988 IEEE Al
44、l Rights Reserved 7AND SHUNT REACTORS ON ELECTRIC UTILITY POWER SYSTEMS ANSI/IEEE C57.117-19866.3.1 A user participating in the suggested system has the responsibility to supply information in Section I of the PopulationForm (Fig 1). When the aid of a manufacturer is desired, it may be obtained by p
45、lacing a statement similar to thefollowing in the specification:The manufacturer of this transformer is to supply all information in Section I of the Transformer PopulationInformation form. This information is to be sent to the user at the time of delivery of the transformer.6.3.2 A blank copy of th
46、e Transformer Population Information form then becomes part of the transformer specification. Themanufacturer will fill in Section I of the form and forward it to the user. The user would supply the information inSection II. Upon completion, the data would be entered into the population data file. T
47、his would usually take place justprior to, or concurrent with, a transformer being energized.6.3.3 Should it be necessary to remove a transformer from the data base, Section III would be completed and submitted bythe user.6.4 Occasionally, it may be necessary, although not desirable, to enter an inc
48、omplete population data set into the data bank.This can be accomplished by supplying the manufacturers name along with the serial number and the availableinformation. Additional information may be entered in the same manner at a later date to complete the data set. Whena transformer is removed from
49、service, it also should be reported. The manufacturers name and serial number shouldbe included to identify the transformer each time data are submitted.6.5 For the purposes of this guide, the following suggested items are chosen for inclusion in a population data base. Referto Form I (Fig 1), Transformer Population Information.Section I of the suggested report form includes information regarding the rating and construction.6.5.1 ManufacturerThe transformer manufacturers identity is necessary to establish a data base for each manufacturer.6.5.2 Serial NumberThis, a
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