1、ACI 440.6-08Reported by ACI Committee 440Specification for Carbon and GlassFiber-Reinforced Polymer BarMaterials for Concrete ReinforcementAn ACI StandardSpecification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete ReinforcementFirst PrintingJuly 2008ISBN 978-0-87031-289-2A
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8、er of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate tothe specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard tohealth and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of allregulatory limitatio
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10、h electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-370
11、0Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 440.6-08 was adopted April 30, 2008, and published June 2008.Copyright 2008, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electroni
12、c ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproductionor for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writingis obtained from the copyright proprietors.440.6-1Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Mate
13、rials for Concrete ReinforcementAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 440ACI 440.6-08This Material Specification covers provisions governing testing, evaluation,and acceptance of carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) barsused as reinforcement for concrete.Keywords: carbon fiber; concret
14、e; concrete construction; FRP reinforcedconcrete; fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement; glass fiber; specification.CONTENTSSection 1Scope, p. 440.6-2Section 2Referenced documents, p. 440.6-2Section 3Terminology, p. 440.6-2Section 4Classification, p. 440.6-2Section 5Ordering information, p. 440.6-3
15、Section 6Materials and manufacture, p. 440.6-3Sections 7Physical properties, p. 440.6-3Section 8Mechanical properties, p. 440.6-4Section 9Durability properties, p. 440.6-4Section 10Other requirements, p. 440.6-5Section 11Sampling, p. 440.6-5Section 12Rejection, p. 440.6-5Section 13Product certificat
16、ion, p. 440.6-5Section 14Markings, p. 440.6-6Tarek Alkhrdaji Russell Gentry James G. Korff Andrea ProtaCharles E. Bakis Janos Gergely Michael W. Lee Hayder A. RasheedLawrence C. Bank*William J. Gold Maria Lopez de Murphy Sami H. RizkallaAbdeldjelil Belarbi Nabil F. Grace Ibrahim M. Mahfouz Morris Sc
17、hupackBrahim Benmokrane Mark F. Green Orange S. Marshall Rajan SenLuke A. Bisby Zareh B. Gregorian Amir Mirmiran Khaled A. SoudkiGregg J. Blaszak Doug D. Gremel*Ayman S. Mosallam Samuel A. Steere III*Timothy E. Bradberry*Shawn P. Gross John J. Myers Gamil S. TadrosGordon L. Brown Jr. H. R. (Trey) Ha
18、milton III Antonio NanniJay A. ThomasVicki L. Brown Issam E. Harik Kenneth Neale Houssam A. ToutanjiRaafat El-Hacha Kent A. Harries John P. Newhook J. Gustavo TumialanGarth J. Fallis*Mark P. Henderson*Ayman M. Okeil Milan VatovecAmir Z. Fam Bohdan N. Horeczko Carlos E. Ospina*Stephanie L. WalkupEdwa
19、rd R. Fyfe Vistasp M. Karbhari Max L. Porter David WhiteJohn P. BuselChairCarol K. Shield*Secretary*Contributing authors.Task group Chair.The committee also thanks Nick Carino, Bernard Drouin, Jack Lesko, and Renato Parretti for their contributions.440.6-2 ACI STANDARDSECTION 1SCOPE1.1 This specific
20、ation describes permitted constituentmaterials, limits on constituent volumes, and minimumperformance requirements for carbon and glass fiber-reinforcedpolymer (FRP) bars to be used as reinforcement fornonprestressed concrete.1.2 Only carbon and glass FRP bars are covered by thisspecification.1.3 FR
21、P bars made of more than one fiber type (hybridFRP) are not covered by this specification.1.4 Pultruded FRP bars with no external surface enhance-ment (that is, plain or smooth bars) to facilitate bond withconcrete are not covered by this specification. Similarly,hollow FRP bars are not considered d
22、ue to lack of documentedperformance as reinforcement for concrete.1.5 Plain FRP bars used as dowels (that is, devices thattransfer shear across concrete joints) where the intendedfunction requires slip of the dowel are not covered by thisspecification.1.6 This specification does not cover premanufac
23、turedgrids and gratings made with FRP materials. FRP matsresulting from assembly of deformed FRP bars, however, arecovered by this document.1.7 This specification does not cover FRP bars when used forexternal and near-surface-mounted strengthening applications.1.8 The text of this specification refe
24、rences notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the specification.SECTION 2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS2.1ASTM standardsA615/A615M-08a Standard Specification for Deformedand Plain Carbon
25、-Steel Bars forConcrete ReinforcementC904-01(2006) Standard Terminology Relating toChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic MaterialsD570-98(2005) Standard Test Method for WaterAbsorption of PlasticsD2584-02 Standard Test Method for Ignition Lossof Cured Reinforced ResinsD3171-06 Standard Test Methods for Con
26、stituentContent of Composite MaterialsD4475-02(2008) Standard Test Method for ApparentHorizontal Shear Strength of PultrudedReinforced Plastic Rods by the Short-Beam MethodD5117-03 Standard Test Method for Dye Penetra-tion of Solid Fiberglass ReinforcedPultruded StockD5229/ Standard Test Method for
27、MoistureD5229M-92(2004) Absorption Properties and EquilibriumConditioning of Polymer MatrixComposite MaterialsD7205/ Standard Test Method for TensileD7205M-06 Properties of Fiber Reinforced PolymerMatrix Composite BarsE1356-03 Standard Test Method for Assignment ofthe Glass Transition Temperatures b
28、yDifferential Scanning CalorimetryE1640-04 Standard Test Method for Assignment ofthe Glass Transition Temperature byDynamic Mechanical Analysis2.2ACI reportThe following test methods from ACI 440.3R,*“GuideTest Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) forReinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Str
29、uctures,” arereferenced. Because these test methods are not written inmandatory language, purchaser and manufacturer shall agreeon the protocols to be used.B.3 Test method for bond strength of FRP bars by pullouttestingB.4 Test method for transverse shear strength of FRP barsB.5 Test method for stre
30、ngth of FRP bent bars and stirrupsat bend locationsB.6 Accelerated test method for alkali resistance of FRP barsB.12 Test method for determining the effect of corner radiuson tensile strength of FRP barsSECTION 3TERMINOLOGY3.1DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer toAS
31、TM C904.3.2Definitions of terms specific to this specificationcommercial-grade materiala material formulated forand used in industrial (not consumer) applications.production lotany lot of FRP bar produced from start tofinish with the same constituent materials used in the sameproportions without cha
32、nging any production parameter,such as cure temperature or line speed.property, guaranteeda characteristic value providedby the manufacturer no greater than the mean minus threestandard deviations of at least the required number ofsamples tested according to a specified test method. Thisdefinition i
33、s applicable to tensile strength, shear strength(perpendicular to the bar), bond strength, and strength ofbent bars.property, nominala value provided by the manufac-turer no greater than the mean of at least the required numberof samples tested according to a specified method. This defi-nition is ap
34、plicable to tensile elastic modulus, moistureabsorption, and resistance to alkaline environment.SECTION 4CLASSIFICATION4.1 FRP bars shall be classified according to fiber compo-sition with the first letter of the acronym designating fibertype as follows:CFRP: carbon fiber-reinforced polymer barGFRP:
35、 glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar*ACI Committee 440, 2004, “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers(FRPs) for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Structures (ACI 440.3R-04),”American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 40 pp.SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON AND GLASS FRP BAR MATERIALS FOR
36、 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 440.6-3SECTION 5ORDERING INFORMATION5.1 The purchaser shall specify the following:The classification of bar (see Note 1);The method for creating the deformed bar surface;The bar size;The bar length; andFor bent bars, the shape of the bend, the radius of thebend, and the lengt
37、h of the legs.(Note 1The bar classificationCFRP or GFRPcorresponds to given constituents and the minimummechanical properties in this specification.)SECTION 6MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE6.1FibersFibers shall be in the form of unidirectional rovings (glassfibers) or unidirectional tows (carbon fibers) o
38、f given sizeand mass (see Note 2). Fiber sizings and coupling agents shallbe compatible with the resin system used to impregnate them.(Note 2The fiber type and fiber amount determine thephysical and mechanical properties of the FRP bar.)6.2Matrix resins6.2.1 Vinylester and epoxy resin systems are pe
39、rmittedprovided the finished product meets the physical anddurability requirements of this specification. Blending ofvinylester and epoxy resins is permitted.6.2.2 The base polymer in the resin system shall notcontain any polyester.6.2.3 Styrene is permitted to be added to the polymer resinduring pr
40、ocessing. Added styrene shall be less than 10% bymass of the polymer resin. The amount of styrene, as a masspercentage of the polymer resin, added during processingshall be reported.6.2.4 Constituent content of resin shall be determined byASTM D3171.6.3Fillers and additives6.3.1 Only commercial-grad
41、e inorganic fillers such askaolin clay, calcium carbonate, and alumina trihydrate arepermitted, and shall not exceed 20% by mass of the polymerresin constituent.6.3.2 Only commercial-grade additives and process aids,such as release agents, low-profile shrink additives, initiators,promoters, hardener
42、s, catalysts, pigments, fire retardants,and ultraviolet inhibitors are permitted and depend on theprocessing method. Shrink additives, if used, shall be lessthan 10% by mass of the polymer resin.6.3.3 Only commercial-grade inorganic or organicnonwoven surfacing mats or veils are permitted.6.4Manufac
43、turing process6.4.1 The manufacturer shall produce FRP bars usingvariations of the pultrusion process.6.4.2 Process or material modifications are not permittedduring the production of a single lot.6.4.3 The manufacturer shall document the process usedand report the date of production and production
44、lot size.SECTION 7PHYSICAL PROPERTIES7.1Fiber contentThe fiber content shall be measured by ASTM D3171 orD2584. When ASTM D3171 is used, fiber content shall notbe less than 55% by volume. When ASTM D2584 is used,fiber content shall not be less than the fraction by mass corre-sponding to 55% by volum
45、e. The manufacturer shall reportthe fiber content of the end product by volume or by mass inaccordance with the method used.7.2Glass transition temperatureThe glass transition temperature Tgof the resin shall not beless than 212 F (see Note 3). The glass transition tempera-ture shall be measured on
46、a coupon cut from the as-producedbar using either the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)method in ASTM E1356 or the dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) method in ASTM E1640. When using the DSCmethod, test results for both the first scan (according toASTM E1356) and the second scan shall be reporte
47、d.(Note 3This temperature does not represent the maximumpermitted service temperature, and is intended for purchasersquality assurance only. ACI 440.1R*does not currentlydesignate maximum service temperatures of FRP bars. Indi-vidual manufacturers should be consulted to determine theappropriate maxi
48、mum service temperature for each product.)7.3Bar sizes7.3.1 Only FRP bars of solid round or elliptical cross-section shape are allowed.7.3.2 The size of FRP bars shall be consistent with standardsizes for steel reinforcing bars given in ASTM A615/A615Mand as listed in Table 7.1.7.3.3 The calculated
49、diameter of an FRP bar is equivalentto that of a smooth round bar having the same area as theFRP bar measured by ASTM D7205/D7205M.7.3.4 When the FRP bar is of elliptical shape, theminimum and maximum outside dimensions of the bar crosssection shall be provided in addition to the calculated diameter.The calculated diameter of elliptical FRP bars is equivalentto that of a solid round bar having the same cross-sectionalarea as determined according to ASTM D7205/D7205M.*ACI Committee 440, 2006, “Guide for the Design and Construction of StructuralCon
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