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API MPMS 10 3-2013 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10 3 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Lab.pdf

1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 10.3Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)FOURTH EDITION, AUGUST 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstan

2、ces, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinfo

3、rmation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would

4、not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with

5、 this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,

6、 sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone fr

7、om using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in

8、 fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having

9、 jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipmentand premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ soundbusiness, scientific, engineering,

10、and judgment safety when using this Standard.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply wit

11、h authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and condi-tions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety datasheet.All rights reserved. No p

12、art of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington

13、, DC 20005.Copyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontai

14、ned in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is a

15、dvised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the conte

16、nt of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all

17、 or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be asce

18、rtained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington,

19、 DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . 38 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex A1 (Mandatory Informatioon) Procedure to Water-saturate Toulene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Appendix X1 (Nonmandatory Information) Precision and Accuracy of Methods for Determ

26、ining Water in Crude Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figures1 Eight-Inch (203-mm) Centrifuge Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Procedure for Reading Water and Sediment When Using an ASTM 100-mm Cone-Shaped Centrifuge Tube. . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Basic Sediment and Water Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5A1.1 Solubility of Water in Toluene .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.1 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) Distillation (Based on Seven Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11X1.2 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge (Based on Five Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12X1.3

31、Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge (Based on Six Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Tables1 Centrifuge Tube Calibration Tolerances for 203-mm (8-in.) T

32、ube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Expression of Results, mL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5X1.1 Base CaseWater Content of Crudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.2 Water Content of Crude Oil Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X1.3 Determination of Water in Crude Oils, % H2O . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X1.4 Corrections to be Applied to Measured Values to Obtain “True Water Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9X1.5 Bias of Methods Estimated from Spiked Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9X1.6 Round-Robin Results of Water in Crude Oils by ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) and ASTM D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10X1.7 Constants . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10X1.8 ASTM Precision Intervals: ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) (7 Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11X1.9 Limiting Repeatabilities and Reprodu

37、cibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12vDesignation: D4007 111Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.3Standard Test Method forWater and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)1This

38、standard is issued under the fixed designation D4007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an ed

39、itorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReferenced Documents and API information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determinationof water and sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifugeprocedure. This centrifuge metho

40、d for determining water andsediment in crude oils is not entirely satisfactory. The amountof water detected is almost always lower than the actual watercontent. When a highly accurate value is required, the revisedprocedures for water by distillation, Test Method D4006 (APIMPMS Chapter 10.2) (Note 1

41、), and sediment by extraction,Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used.NOTE 1Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has beendetermined to be the preferred and most accurate method for thedetermination of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The val

42、ues given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of re

43、gulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements appear in 6.1, 8.3, and A1.5.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter10.5)D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel O

44、ilsby the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (APIMPMS Chapter 10.6)D4006 Test Method for Wat

45、er in Crude Oil by Distillation(API MPMS Chapter 10.2)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKar

46、l Fischer Titration (API MPMS Chapter 10.9)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chap-ter 8.3)E969 Specification for Glass Volumetric (Transfer) Pipets2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Product

47、s (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3 Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD5854)MPMS Chapter 10.1 Determination of Sediment in CrudeOils and Fuel Oils by t

48、he Extraction Method (ASTM TestMethod D473)MPMS Chapter 10.2 Determination of Water in Crude Oil byDistillation (ASTM Test Method D4006)MPMS Chapter 10.4 Determination of Sediment and Waterin Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)MPMS Chapter 10.5 Determination of Water in PetroleumPro

49、ducts and Bituminous Materials by Distillation1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measure-ment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ on Hydro-carbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D400708. DOI:10.1520/D4007-11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S

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