API MPMS 10 4-2013 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10 4 Determination of Water and or Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Pr.pdf

1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 10.4Determination of Water and/or Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)FOURTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2013ERRATA, MARCH, 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular

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16、on can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street

17、, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Test Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 General .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Use of Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Demulsifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 Centrifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 Centrifuge Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Preheater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 Sample Th

24、ermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . 59 ProcedureDetermination of Water and Sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 Calculation and ReportingWater and Sediment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.2 100-mL Tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.3 200-part Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 ProcedureDetermination of Sediment Only

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011.2 Procedure. . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 Calculation and ReportingSediment Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112.1 General

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112.2 100-mL Tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112.3 200-part Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 Precision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A (informative) Precautionary Information .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex B (informative) Demulsifiers and Water Saturation of Solvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Annex C (normative) Specifications for Centrifuge Tubes . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Annex D (informative) Procedure OutlineDetermination of Water and Sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Annex E (informative) Procedure OutlineDetermination of Sediment Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . 22Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23vContentsPageFigures1 Reading a 100-mL Centrifuge Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Reading a 200-Part Centrifuge Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7C-1 8-in. (203-mm) Cone-Shaped Centrifuge Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17C-2 6-in. (167-mm) Cone-Shaped Centrifuge Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Tables1 Rotation Speeds Necessary to Produce a Relative Centrifugal Force of 500 g for

39、Centrifuges of Various Diameters of Swing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Procedure for Reading a 100-mL Cone-Shaped Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 63 Procedure for Reading a 200-Part Cone-Shaped Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Expression of Results for 100-mL Tubes and 200-Part Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9C-1 Minimum Graduation Requi

41、rements and Maximum Calibration Tolerances for 8-in. (203-mm) Cone-Shaped Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18C-2 Minimum Graduation Requirements and Maximum Calibration Tolerances for 6-in.

42、 (167-mm) Cone-Shaped Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20vi1Determination of Water and/or Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)1 Scope1.1 This section describes t

43、he field centrifuge method for determining both water and sediment or sediment only in crude oil. This method may not always produce the most accurate results, but it is considered the most practical method for field determination of water and sediment. This method may also be used for field determi

44、nation of sediment. When a higher degree of accuracy is required, the laboratory procedure described in API MPMS Ch. 10.3, Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (ASTM D4007); API MPMS Ch. 10.2, Standard Test Method for Water in Crude

45、 Oil by Distillation (ASTM D4006); or API MPMS Ch. 10.9, Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM D4928); and the procedure described in API MPMS Ch. 10.1, Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method (ASTM D47

46、3) or API MPMS Ch. 10.8, Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration (ASTM D4807) should be used.1.2 The requirements of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated

47、 with its use. The user of this standard has the responsibility for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and determining the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2 Normative ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this doc

48、ument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API MPMS Chapter 8.1, Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsAPI MPMS Chapter 8.2, Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Pe

49、troleum ProductsAPI MPMS Chapter 8.3, Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (includes Errata 1 dated March 1996) API MPMS Chapter 10.1, Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction MethodAPI MPMS Chapter 10.2, Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by DistillationAPI MPMS Chapter 10.3, Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)API MPMS Chapter 10.8, Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane FiltrationAPI MPMS