API MPMS 11 2 2M-1986 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11 2 2M-Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons 350 C637 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Dens.pdf

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11.2.2MCompressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350637 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Density (15C) and 46C to 60C Metering Temperature GPA 8286-86 (M) FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1986 REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2012Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter

2、 11.2.2MCompressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350637 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Density (15C) and 46C to 60C Metering Temperature Measurement Coordination GPA 8286-86 (M) FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1986 REAFFIRMED, DECEMBER 2012FOREWORD This publication provides tables to correct hydrocarbon volumes

3、metered under pressure to corresponding volumes at the equilibrium pressure for the metered temperature. The parallel publication in customary units is the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Stan- dards, Chapter 11.2.2. The table presented in this volume is also available from API as a computer tape, a

4、long with a manual containing the text information in this publication. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director, Measurement Coordination Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street. N. W., Wash- ington, D.C. 20005. COMMITTEE ON STATIC PETROLEUM MEASUREMEN

5、T WORKING GROUP ON COMPRESSIBILITY F. P. Gielzecki (Retired) Imperial Oil, Ltd. K. M. Goin, Ph.D. Cities Service Oil and Gas Corporation K. T. Liu, Ph.D. Chevron Oil Field Research Company M. A. Plumer, Ph.D. Marathon Oil Company R. A. Griffith (Chairman, Retired) Texaco Trading and Transportation C

6、ompany J. Polowek Interprovincial Pipe Line Ltd. R. B. Hall Texas Eastern Transmission Company J. A. Hamshar Cities Service Oil and Gas Corporation G. W. Singletary (Deceased) Texas Eastern Transmission Company G. W. Swinney (Retired) Phillips Petroleum Company 1800 e iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 11.2.2M-COM

7、PRESSIBILITY FACTORS FOR HYDRO- CARBONS: 350-637 KILOGRAMS PER CUBIC METRE DENSITY (15C) AND . 46C TO 60C METERING TEMPERATURE 11.2.2.1M 11.2.2.2M 11.2.2.3M 11.2.2.4M 11.2.2.5M 11.2.2.6M 11.2.2.7M 11.2.2.8M 11.2.2.9M PAGE Scope 1 History and Development 1 Type of Standard and Limits . 1 Example Use

8、of the Standard 1 Data Base 2 Basic Model . 5 Uncertainty Analysis . 6 Calculation Procedure 8 References . 12 Table of Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350-637 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Density (15C) and -46C to 60C Metering Temperature Text Tables 13 1-Summary of Data Base . 2 2-Data Mixt

9、ure Compositions (Mole Percent) . 3-Effect of Pressure on Compressibility Factors . 4-Expected Frequency of Errors When Using Temperatures to the 4 6 Nearest 0.25“C Versus the Nearest 0.5“F . 6 Figures 1-Limits of Data Base by Relative Density and Temperature . 2-Uncertainties (95-Percent Confidence

10、 Level) in Volume Versus 3 Temperature and Relative Density 7 Chapter 1 1 -Physical Properties Data SECTION 2-VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS FOR METER PROVING AND HYDROCARBON COMPRESSIBILITY 11.2.2M Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350-637 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Density (15C) and -46C to 60C

11、Metering Temperature 11.2.2.1 M SCOPE The purpose of this standard is to correct hydrocarbon volumes metered under pressure to the corresponding vol- umes at the equilibrium pressure for the metered tempera- ture. This standard contains compressibility factors related to the meter temperature and de

12、nsity at 15C of the metered material. The corresponding customary version is Chapter 11.2.2. 11.2.2.2M HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT The previous API standard for hydrocarbon compressi- bility, Standard 1101, Measurement of Petroleum Liquid Hydrocarbons by Positive Displacement Meter, was devel- oped from

13、 graphical correlations prepared in 1945. This standard was based on limited data with only a few points for pure fluids in the range from propane to pentane. No lighter mixtures and no effect of pressure on the compress- ibility factor were considered. In addition, no metric (SI) version was availa

14、ble. In 198 1, the Committee on Static Petroleum Measurement formed a subcommittee, the Hydrocarbon Compressibility Group, to revise the compressibility tables of Standard 1101. As a result of an extensive literature survey, the data base found for the relative density portion of the table covers a

15、broader range than that used in Standard 1101 but is lacking in data for unsaturated hydrocarbons. The data base was used to develop a mathematical model that includes the effect of pressure on the compressibility factor. The printed table produced from the model is the standard. This standard repla

16、ces the discontinued Standard 1101 and the first edition of Chapter 11.2.2, Compressibility Factors for Hydrocar- bons: 0.500-0.61 1 Relative Density Range and 20-128F. 11.2.2.3M TYPE OF STANDARD AND LIMITS The actual standard is the printed table of 25 1 pages that follows this text. The increments

17、 used in the table are 0.25“C and 2 kilograms per cubic metre. Interpolation to 1 kilogram per cubic metre in density is allowed. Compressibilities are in the usual units of reciprocal kilopascals but are calculated from two terms, A and B, and the pressure difference from 1 equilibrium, D,. This is

18、 necessary to obtain the desired accuracy in volume because of the important effect of pres- sure on the compressibility factor for light hydrocarbons. The range of the table is from -46C to 60C and from 350 to 637 kilograms per cubic metre density (15“C), for use with pressure differences above equ

19、ilibrium from O to 15,200 kilopascals . The equation used to generate the table is given for those who wish to duplicate the table using their specific computer and language. Identical table information is available on a computer tape. The use of this computer tape to verify individually developed c

20、omputer subroutines is highly rec- ommended. 11.2.2.4M EXAMPLE USE OF THE STANDARD In this standard, the compressibility factor (F) is used in the normal manner for volume correction (* denotes mul- tiplication): C,I = V,/V, = i/(i - F * D,) Where: Cp1 = correction factor for pressure. Ve = volume a

21、t the equilibrium (bubble point) V, = volume at the meter pressure, P,. pressure, P,. D, = P, - P,. P, and P, may be in either kilopascals gage or kilopascals absolute, but both must be in the same units. As an example, calculate the volume at equilibrium pres- sure of 1000 cubic metres (V,) of a ma

22、terial with a density (15C) of 530.4 kilograms per cubic metre metered under a pressure of 5000 kilopascals at a temperature of 5.1“C. The equilibrium pressure (I,) for this material at 5.1“C is 450 kilopascals. The rounded density and temperature val- ues of 530 kilograms per cubic metre and 5.0“C

23、yield an A factor of 281,093 and a B factor of 5.504. The compress- ibfiity factor (F) is calculated as follows: F = I/(A + D, * B) = 1/281,093 + (5000 - 450) * 5.5041 = 0.000003267 The value for F is rounded to the ninth decimal place, to the maximum of four significant digits. 2 CHAPTER 1 1 -PHYSI

24、CAL PROPERTIES DATA Then, C, = 1/1.0 - 0.000003267 * (5000 - 450) = 1.0151 The value for C, is rounded to the maximum of four decimal places. ve = v, * c, = 1000 * 1.0151 = 1015.1 cubic metres The value for Ve is rounded to the nearest O. 1 cubic metre. 11.2.2.5M DATA BASE An initial 2278 data point

25、s were obtained from the lit- erature for pure fluid compounds and mixtures of light hy- drocarbon liquids. These data were examined to eliminate data for gases, data with large errors, and data with other abnormalities. The final data base used in this standard consists of 1724 data points from 13

26、sources (see Table i). This metric standard was derived from the data base in U.S. customary units, so all discussion of the data base is limited to customary units. The ranges of the experimental data were relative den- sities (60F/60“F) from 0.3477 to 0.63 12, temperatures from - 28F to 160F, and

27、pressure differences from 41 to 2036 pounds per square inch gage (see Figure 1). The actual ranges for the standard, as determined by an API survey, are relative densities (6OoF/60“F) from 0.350 to 0.637, tem- peratures from - 50F to 140“F, and pressure differences from O to 2200 pounds per square i

28、nch gage. Hence, some portions of the standard represent extrapolated results. The uncertainty analysis presented in 11.2.2.7M may not be valid for these extrapolated portions. For the lower relative densities, 140F is above the pseudocritical temperature at which liquid exists. For these fluids, th

29、e range is restricted to 96 percent of the pseudocritical temperature. The data set contains 46 different mixtures of normal hydrocarbons from methane to decane. The compositions of the mixtures are listed in Table 2. The use of the standard for compositions not close to those in the data base repre

30、- sents an extrapolation whose results may have a greater uncertainty. Table 1-Summary of Data Base Pressure Relative (pounds Number Density Temperature per square of Data Sample (60“/60“F) (Fi inch gage) Points References NGPA/TP2 NGPA/TPl Cal Tech Tulsa ManleyISwift Pope Straty Douslin Dittmar Hay

31、nes Thomas Teichmann Ely 0.35-0.61 0.50-0.63 0.508 0.356 0.356 0.356 0.508 0.508 0.508 0.508 0.35-0.51 0.35-0.51 0.51-0.58 32-140 40- 130 70- 160 - 20- 120 -20-100 -25-63 -28-66 - 13-32 32-140 -28-80 -28-100 32-122 122-149 180-2OoO 150-2000 100-2000 100-1500 300- 1600 198-1788 320-2200 460-2100 140-

32、2 120 242-2040 12 1-2130 121- 1477 400- 1465 455 218 157 542 13 36 67 5 33 81 57 50 10 12 21 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 1 8 II 18 3 2 5, 6, 7 4 20 19 SECTION 2-VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS 3 + + + + + *+ i: 9 + + * 8 + + + * * 9 * 8 + + + * + * + 9 * 8 + + + * + * + 9 * 8 + O 2 + + + + + + +it+ -H + +*

33、+ + + + + + + +c +H+k4+fcwt+i+# +*+a+l,*#+*+tHc +-l+R+ww“+H+ + 9 9 + + + + + *+*+p+k+ +up+ + + +* + + + + +H tfc y+ + +* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + rn !2 2 s c $ E LI l- O U o Ei cc1 cc1 c O a w- x O .- 3 I E 7 7 4 CHAPTER 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DATA Table 2-Data Mixture Compos

34、itions (Mole Percent) Sample C, iC4 iC5 c6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 3.10 0.00 0.28 0.52 0.89 1.16 1.55 1.88 0.00 0.28 0.52 0.89 1.16 1.55 1.88 0.

35、00 0.29 0.52 0.89 1.16 1.55 1.88 2.33 0.00 0.00 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.23 0.00 2.31 2.18 0.00 0.00 2.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.55 2.70 2.52 2.51 0.00 O O O O O O O O O O O O O 96.90 0.02 8.83 16.17 27.70 36.33 48.45 58.83 0.02 8.83 16.17 27.70 36.34 48.44 58.84 0.00 8.93 16.15

36、 27.68 36.34 48.45 58.83 72.67 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.00 49.89 48.28 71.71 70.05 69.52 89.97 100.00 97.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.13 51.28 71.60 100.00 28.90 49.17 67.76 87.76 0.00 1 O0 1 O0 1 O0 O O O O O O O O O O 0.00 35.29 32.08 29.41 25.21 22.06 17.64 13.87 50. I3 45.59 41.77 35.81 31.33 25

37、.07 19.70 63.77 57.89 53.17 45.55 39.86 31.86 25.06 15.93 99.85 100.00 97.58 99.11 63.00 50. Il 48.49 28.29 27.64 27.47 10.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 69.87 48.72 28.40 0.00 68.55 48.13 29.72 9.73 100.00 O O O 1 O0 I O0 1 O0 1 O0 1 O0 1 O0 O O O O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0

38、0 0.00 19.80 8.11 6.70 5.74 6.54 6.88 5.71 3.18 2.03 18.00 7.37 6.09 5.22 5.95 6.25 5.19 2.89 1.85 16.50 6.76 5.58 4.78 5.45 5.73 4.76 2.65 1.69 14.14 5.79 4.79 4.10 4.67 4.91 4.08 2.27 1.45 12.38 5.07 4.19 3.59 4.09 4.30 3.57 1.99 1.27 9.90 4.06 3.35 2.87 3.27 3.44 2.86 1.59 1.02 7.78 3.19 2.63 2.2

39、6 2.57 2.70 2.24 1.25 0.80 18.20 7.17 4.46 3.82 4.35 4.58 3.80 2.12 1.35 16.54 6.52 4.05 3.47 3.95 4.16 3.45 1.93 1.23 15.17 5.97 3.72 3.18 3.62 3.82 3.17 1.77 1.12 13.00 5.12 3.19 2.73 3.11 3.27 2.71 1.51 0.96 11.38 4.48 2.79 2.39 2.72 2.86 2.38 1.33 0.84 9.10 3.59 2.23 1.91 2.18 2.29 1.90 1.06 0.6

40、8 7.15 2.82 1.75 1.50 1.71 1.80 1.49 0.83 0.53 17.74 6.21 2.90 1.97 2.91 2.62 0.93 0.95 0.00 16.11 5.64 2.63 1.79 2.64 2.38 0.84 0.86 0.00 14.78 5.17 2.42 1.62 2.43 2.18 0.77 0.79 0.00 12.67 4.44 2.07 1.41 2.08 1.87 0.66 0.68 0.00 11.09 3.88 1.81 1.23 1.82 1.64 0.58 0.59 0.00 8.87 3.11 1.45 0.99 1.4

41、6 1.31 0.47 0.48 0.00 6.97 2.44 1.14 0.77 1.14 1.03 0.37 0.37 0.00 4.44 1.55 0.73 0.49 0.73 0.66 0.23 0.24 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O O O O O O O O O 0.89 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O 0 O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O

42、O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.83 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 100.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O 1 O0 O O O O O O 0.80 O O O O O O O O 0.00 100 O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O

43、 O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O 0.00 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 1 O0

44、O O O O O O O O 1 O0 O O O O O O O 1 O0 O O O O O O O O 1 O0 O O O O O O O O 6 CHAPTER 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DATA 11.2.2.7M UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS The uncertainty in the compressibility factor is ? 10.8 percent at the 95-percent confidence level. (The figure 10.8 is 2.0 times the standard deviation of

45、 5.4 percent, where 2.0 is the two-tail probability value of a normal distribution for 1709 degrees of freedom at 95 percent.) These uncer- tainties represent the likelihood of the correlations ability to reproduce the data for a specific sample. They do not indicate how accurate the data are. In ma

46、ny cases, the ac- curacy of the experimental data is unknown. The corre- sponding uncertainty in volume and in CPI is ? 0.56 percent at the 95-percent confidence level, derived from a computed standard deviation of 0.28 percent, as described above. These volumetric uncertainties depend on operating

47、con- ditions, the type of material, and the effect of pressure on the compressibility factor. They may not be true for the extrapolated portions of the standard. The regions where various uncertainties can be expected, averaged for all pres- sures, are plotted in Figure 2. The uncertainty for specif

48、ic materials and temperature conditions can be obtained from this figure. For samples at lower relative densities, the un- certainty increases as the mixtures critical temperature is approached. The correlation is valid for temperatures less than or equal to 96 percent of the pseudocritical temperat

49、ure. if the effect of pressure on compressibility were ignored, there would be greater uncertainties in the volume. To il- lustrate this, the uncertainties in the calculated volume would range from 0.2 to 11 percent if a mean compressibility factor for 500 pounds per square inch, instead of the compressi- bility factor at the correct pressure, were used. This is from 2 to more than 100 times the desired uncertainty of 0.1 percent in the volume. Table 3 provides more details about the uncertainties due to ignoring the effect of