API MPMS 17 5-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 17 5 El Hydrocarbon Management HM 64 Guidelines for Voyage Analysis and Reconciliation of C.pdf

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19、tment, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, USA, standardsapi.org or to the Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 API/EI Joint Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 API Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Other Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Definitions

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cargo Reconciliation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . 34.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Collecting Information and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 The Voyage Analysis Report (VAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 The Voyage Summary and Reconciliation Report (VSRR)65 Possible Causes of Losses or Gains

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 Cargo Tr

27、ansfer Measurement Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.3 Shore Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、85.4 Vessel Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 Water Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.6 Additional Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 Measurement Uncertainties and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex A (informative) Instructions for Completion of Voyage Analysis Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Annex B (informative) Examples of Cargo Analysis and Reconciliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、27Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Figures1 Four Point Reconciliation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A.1 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23A.2 Summary of Vessel-to-Vessel Transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24A.3 Field Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25A.4 Voyage Summary and Reconciliation Report (VSRR). . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26B.1 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR) Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.2 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.3 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33B.4 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34B.5 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35B.6 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36B.7 Voyage Summary and REconciliation Report (VSRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.8 Voyage Analysis Report (VAR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Tables1 Bill of Lading to Outturn Comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Shore to Vessel ComparisonLoad Port(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Vessel to Shore ComparisonDischarge Port(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Vessel Transit Comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 OBQ/ROB Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A.1 Recommended Forms for Complex Voyage Analysis 22vviIntroductionThe

41、 shipment of petroleum or petroleum products by marine vessels may result in a difference between the load portand discharge port quantities. This difference, gain or loss, will be caused by one or more of the following:a) Physical Loss/Gain is an actual loss or gain of cargo (sometimes referred to

42、as “Real Loss or Gain”).Physical losses can be the result of evaporation, unmeasured ROB, line fill, cargo diversion, spillage or theft.Evaporative loss may occur during load/discharge operations and during transit. Daily temperature variations andmovement of the cargo during the voyage (sloshing) w

43、ill increase evaporative losses. Cargos with higher vaporpressure are likely to suffer greater evaporative losses.The ROB (quantity remaining on board) is the liquid and non liquid cargo left on board the vessel after discharge.The ROB measurement can only include cargo which remains on the tank flo

44、or and can be measured fromavailable gauge points. Unmeasured ROB can occur when a vessel is out of trim and it is not possible to measurethe cargo from the tank available gauge points. That cargo which remains as clingage on the tank sides or otherinternal structure is not included in the ROB measu

45、rement and will result in a real loss when the outturn isconsidered. The amount of clingage will be dependent upon cargo viscosity and temperature.Line fill losses result from transfer lines which contain more cargo after the movement than before, leading toreduced quantities being measured in the r

46、eceiving tanks. This can occur during loading or discharge.Cargo diversion can occur inadvertently as a result of incorrectly set or leaking valves, operator error, orintentionally as theft.While physical gains are not common, some cargos with the ability to absorb water or to blend with othercompon

47、ents or additives may show physical gain. In addition, gains may be caused by physical operations andequipment errors or failures such as cargo diversion, Crude Oil Washing (COW) recovering clingage fromprevious cargo, etc.b) Apparent Loss/Gain is a difference in quantity which is not related to a p

48、hysical loss. Apparent losses includeerrors which can possibly be corrected and also differences due to uncertainties in the measurement systemswhich generally cannot be removed. The majority of individual losses and gains are apparent rather than real andfall into the following categories.Measureme

49、nt error includes all the errors associated with measurement procedures, equipment and operatorperformance. These errors can be in liquid level or meter measurements, determining temperature, sampling, tankcalibration, and laboratory testing methods.Procedural error occurs when operations deviate from the industry measurement standards and good practice. Anexample would be the failure to ensure pipeline fullness at the start of the cargo transfer.Calibration error relates to accuracy (calibration) of the measurement equipment. Only the base internationalstandards are deemed to be exact