1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 3Tank GaugingSection 6Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Hybrid Tank Measurement SystemsFIRST EDITION, FEBRUARY 2001ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2005REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2011Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 3Tank GaugingSection 6Measurement of Li
2、quid Hydrocarbons by Hybrid Tank Measurement SystemsMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, FEBRUARY 2001ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2005REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2011SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal l
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13、 photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001, 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.
14、Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage
15、resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTEN
16、TSPage1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS. . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 Equipment Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 SELECTION AND INSTALLATION O
19、F HYBRID TANK MEASUREMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 Automatic Tank Gauge (ATG
20、) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 HTMS Pressure Sensor(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 Automatic Tank Thermometer (ATT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 46.5 Hybrid Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 Optional Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ACCURACY EFFECTS OF HTMS COMPONENTS AND INSTALLATION
22、. . . . . 47.1 Accuracy Effects of the ATG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Accuracy Effects of the Pressure Sensor(s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Accuracy Effects of the ATT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 HTMS MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 HTMS Mode 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 HTMS Mode 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 COMMISSIONING AND INITIAL FIELD CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 Initial Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 Initial HTMS
25、 Component Calibrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 Verification of Hybrid Processor Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 Initial Field Verification of HTMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . 710 REGULAR VERIFICATION OF HTMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.2 Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.3 Adjustment During Regular Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 Regular Verification of HTMS in Volume-based Custody Transfer Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.5 Regular Verification of HTMS in Mass-based Custody Transfer Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010.6 Handling Out-of-Tolerance Situations During Regular Verification of HTMS i
29、n Custody Transfer Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210.7 Regular Verification of HTMS in Inventory Control Application . . . . . . . . . . . 12ivCONTENTSPageAPPENDIX A CALCULATION OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13APPENDIX B MEASUREMENT ACCUR
30、ACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17APPENDIX C ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figures1 Summary of HTMS Calculation Methods as They Relate to Level for Modes 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-1 Measurement Parameters and VariablesFixed Roof Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Tables1 Recommended Maximum ATG Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Recommended Maximum Pressure Sensor Tolerances . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Recommended Maximum ATT Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Typical Hybrid Processor Data Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95A HTMS Measurements and Overview of CalculationsCalculati
33、on Method A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95B HTMS Measurements and Overview of CalculationsCalculation Method B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10A-1 Units Table for HTMS Equation
34、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13B.1.1 Example of Observed Density Accuracies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18B.1.2 Example 2 of Observed Density Accuracies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19B.2.1 Exa
35、mple 1 of Mass Measurement Accuracies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20B.2.2 Example 2 of Mass Measurement Accuracies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20B.3.1 Example 1 of Standard Volume Inventory Accuracies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21B.3.
36、2 Example 2 of Standard Volume Inventory Accuracies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21B.5.1 Example 1 of HminCalculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23B.5.2 Example 2 of HminCalculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . 23B.6.1 Example in API Gravity Units of Effect on Volume Correction Factor (VCF) for a Crude Oil Due to Uncertainty of Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24B.6.2 Example in API Gravity Units of Effect on Volume Correction Factor(VCF) for a Refined Product Due to Uncer
38、tainty of Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24B.6.3 Example in SI Units of Effect on Volume Correction Factor (VCF) for a Refined Product Due to Uncertainty of Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24v1Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 3Tank GaugingSection 6Measurement of Liquid H
39、ydrocarbons by Hybrid Tank MeasurementMeasurement of liquid hydrocarbons by hybrid tank mea-surement systems1 IntroductionA Hybrid Tank Measurement System (HTMS) is a methodof combining direct product level measured by an automatictank gauge (ATG), temperature measured by an automatictank thermomete
40、r (ATT), and pressures from one or morepressure sensors. These measurements are used, together withthe tank capacity table and applicable volume and densitycorrection tables, to provide level, temperature, mass,observed and standard volume, and observed and referencedensity.The product level is dire
41、ctly measured by the ATG. Theproduct temperature is directly measured by the ATT. Thetrue (observed) density is determined from hydrostatic pres-sure measured by the pressure sensor(s) and the productheight above the bottom pressure sensor, as measured by theATG. Total static mass is computed by a h
42、ybrid processorfrom the true density and the tank capacity table. Grossobserved volume, standard volume, and reference density arecomputed using industry practice for static calculations (SeeMPMS Chapter 12.1).2 ScopeThis standard covers selection, installation, commission-ing, calibration and verif
43、ication of Hybrid Tank MeasurementSystems (HTMSs) for the measurement of level, static mass,observed and standard volume, and observed and referencedensity in tanks storing petroleum and petroleum products. Itis up to the user to define which measurements are requiredfor custody transfer or inventor
44、y control purposes (standardvolume, mass, or both). Therefore, this standard also providesa method of uncertainty analysis, with examples, to enableusers to select the correct components and configure anHTMS to more closely address the intended application. (SeeAppendix B.)This standard covers HTMSs
45、 for stationary storage tanksstoring liquid hydrocarbons with a Reid Vapor Pressurebelow 15 psi (103.42 kPa). This standard applies to verticalcylindrical tanks, and can also be applied to tanks with othergeometries (e.g., spherical and horizontal cylindrical) whichhave been calibrated by a recogniz
46、ed oil industry method.Examples of uncertainty analysis for spherical and horizontalcylindrical tanks are also given in Appendix B. This standarddoes not apply to pressurized tanks or marine applications.This standard covers the installation and calibration ofHTMSs for custody transfer and inventory
47、 control.Note: The term “mass” is used to indicate mass in vacuum (truemass). In the petroleum industry, it is not uncommon to use appar-ent mass (in air) for commercial transactions. Guidance is providedon the calculation of both mass and apparent mass in air (SeeAppendix A).3 Referenced Publicatio
48、nAPI Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 1 “Vocabulary”Chapter 2.2A “Measurement and Calibration of UprightCylindrical Tanks by the Manual StrappingMethod”Chapter 2.2B “Calibration of Upright Cylindrical TanksUsing the Optical Reference Line Method”Chapter 3 “Tank Gauging”Chapter 3.1A “
49、Manual Gauging of Petroleum and Petro-leum Products”Chapter 3.1B “Standard Practice for Level Measurementof Liquid Hydrocarbons in StationaryTanks by Automatic Tank Gauging”Chapter 7 “Temperature Determination”Chapter 7.1 “Static Temperature Determination UsingMercury-in-Glass Tank Thermometers”Chapter 7.3 “Static Temperature Determination UsingPortable Electronic Thermometers”Chapter 7.4 “Static Temperature Determination UsingFixed Automatic Tank Thermometers”Chapter 8.1 “Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products”Chapter 8.3 “Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petr
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