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API MPMS 5 5-2005 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 5-Metering Section 5-Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-data Transmission Syst.pdf

1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 5Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-data Transmission SystemsSECOND EDITION, AUGUST 2005REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2015Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 5Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pu

2、lsed-data Transmission SystemsMeasurement CoordinationSECONT EDITION, AUGUST 2005REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is

3、not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning saf

4、ety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, b

5、y implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are revie

6、wed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been g

7、ranted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annually and updated biannually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Invern

8、ess Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this

9、 standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards department, American Petro-leum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or transl

10、ate all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed to the Director, Business Services.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound

11、 engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements

12、 of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a

13、retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFO

14、REWORDChapter 5 of the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (API MPMS) provides recommendations, based on best industry practice, for the custody transfer metering of liquid hydrocarbons. The various sections of this Chapter are intended to be used in conjunction with API MPMS Chapter 6 to

15、provide design criteria for custody transfer metering encoun-tered in most aircraft, marine, pipeline, and terminal applications. The information contained in this chapter may also be applied to non-custody transfer metering.The chapter deals with the principal types of meters currently in use: disp

16、lacement meters, turbine meters and Coriolis meters. If other types of meters gain wide acceptance for the mea-surement of liquid hydrocarbon custody transfers, they will be included in subsequent sec-tions of this chapter.Suggested revisions to this publication are invited and should be submitted t

17、o Measure-ment Coordination, Exploration and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reli-ability of the data con

18、tained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, war-ranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation wit

19、h which this publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to API, Standards department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage5.5.1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、15.5.2 SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.5.3 FIELD OF APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.5.4 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.5.5 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.5.6 LEVELS OF SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

22、.5.6.1 Level E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.5.6.2 Level D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.6.3 Level C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.6.4 Level B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.6.5 Level A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.7 SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.7.1 General Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.5.7.2 Totalizers. . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.7.3 Typical Causes of Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.7.4 Signal Pre-Amplifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . .35.5.7.5 Standby Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.7.6 Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.7.7 General Precautions . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.8 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.8.1 Signal Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.8.2 Signal-To-Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.5.8.3 Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.5.9 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE. . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.5.9.1 Need for Inspection and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.5.9.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5F

30、igures1 Typical Function Arrangement for a Level E Pulsing Security System . . . . . . . . . .72 Typical Function Arrangement for a Level D Pulsing Security System . . . . . . . . . .73 Typical Function Arrangement for a Level C Pulsing Security System . . . . . . . . . .84 Typical Function Arrangem

31、ent for a Level B Pulsing Security System . . . . . . . . . .85 Typical Function Arrangement for a Level A Pulsing Security System . . . . . . . . . .9v1Chapter 5MeteringSection 5Fidelity and Security of Flow MeasurementPulsed-Data Transmission Systems5.5.1 IntroductionThe purpose of this publicatio

32、n is to serve as a guide for the selection, operation, and maintenance of various types of pulsed-data, cabled transmission systems for fluid metering systems to provide the desired level of fidelity and security of transmitted flow pulse data. This publication does not endorse or advocate the prefe

33、rential use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is it intended to restrict future development of such equipment.5.5.2 ScopeThe recommendations set forth in this publication are con-cerned only with the fidelity and security of pulsed-data, cabled transmission systems between a flow met

34、er or flow meter transducer and a remote totalizer.5.5.3 Field of ApplicationIn order to achieve different levels of security that can be applied to transmission systems, criteria and recommenda-tions for the design, installation, use, and maintenance of the relevant equipment are described in this

35、publication. The lev-els of security are designated E to A from the lowest to the highest order of security, respectively. Chapter 5 Section 5 does not define which levels of security are to be used for a particular system application.5.5.4 Referenced PublicationsThe current editions of the followin

36、g API MPMS Stan-dards contain information applicable to this chapter:Chapter 1 “Vocabulary”Chapter 21.2 “Electronic Flow Measurement”NFPA1493 Intrinsically Safe Apparatus in Division 1 Hazardous LocationsISA2RP 12.6 Installation of Intrinsically Safe Instrument Systems in Class 1 Hazardous Locations

37、5.5.5 DefinitionsSee API MPMS Chapter 1, “Vocabulary,” for additional definitions.5.5.5.1 fidelity: is defined as the exactitude with which the primary indication reproduces the inherent precision of the measurement.5.5.5.2 methods of comparision (as used in Levels A through D): is the determination

38、 of the fidelity of primary indication by use of a redundant, alternate, or secondary source to verify the desired level of security.5.5.5.3 noise: is unwanted signals that may affect fidelity and which occur for periods exceeding 0.2 seconds.5.5.5.4 scaler: is an electronic device that accepts flow

39、 pulses representing arbitrary volume or mass increments and outputs flow pulses scaled to represent more useful volume or mass increments, 1 pulse per barrel for example. 5.5.5.5 transients: are disturbances having a duration of 0.2 seconds or less.5.5.6 Levels of SecurityFive levels of security pr

40、otection are identified and desig-nated, of which Level E represents the minimum acceptable level. Typical examples of these five levels are shown dia-grammatically in Figures 1 through 5. A metering system may comprise sections having the same or different levels of security protection, where the o

41、utputs are used for different purposes. Figures 1 through 5 show typical functional arrangements of modules required to achieve the specified levels of security. These function modules may be housed separately or in combination.In the examples, emphasis has been placed on the trans-mission system be

42、cause this is considered the most vulnera-ble area of the whole. Fidelity and security for scaler and totalizer are not illustrated and are considered to be accept-able to Level E for the majority of applications. It may, how-ever, be considered necessary in some circumstances to duplicate the scale

43、r and/or totalizer section.5.5.6.1 LEVEL EError reduction at Level E is achieved solely by correctly installed apparatus of good quality. This is a straightforward totalizer system. Figure 1 illustrates a simple system with no built-in provisions for error monitoring. Only good quality 1National Fir

44、e Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts, 02169. www.nfpa.org.2The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, 67 Alex-ander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709. www.isa.org.2CHAPTER 5METERINGcomponents and subunits, correctly installed, will lead t

45、o con-fidence in the security of the system. The use of a preampli-fier transmitter to drive the transmission line is considered beneficial for the majority of applications, as is the provision of signal conditioning. The system, though simple, does not differ in hardware quality from more secure sy

46、stems that use the same elements.5.5.6.2 LEVEL DA Level D system consists of manual error monitoring at specified intervals by methods of comparison. This level of security is intended to give protection against functional errors and failures and is a method of verification by manual action. The rea

47、dout can be visually checked against an inde-pendent totalizing system.Figure 2 illustrates a simple system with means of making a periodic manual assessment of security. The secondary readout may be permanent or temporary, local or remote. Manual comparison made during a periodic check will moni-to

48、r the integrity of the transmission and totalizer elements. It may be less convenient than provisions of Level C, as the sys-tem may have to be stopped for readings to be taken. Overall security is mainly inferred from the performance during the error monitoring period5.5.6.3 LEVEL CA Level C system

49、 consists of automatic error monitoring and error indication at specified intervals by methods of com-parison. This level of security is intended to give protection against functional errors and failures and may be achieved by design methods. The time intervals for error monitoring may be subject to revision in the light of experience gained. Figure 3 illustrates a dual transmission system with a dual pulse comparator of simple design. If the pulses delivered become numerically out of a step, warning will be given by the com-parator (differential counter). Level C security will be def

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