API MPMS 9 1-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 1 Standard Test Method for Density Relative Density or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and .pdf

1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.1Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.1Standard Test Method for Density,

2、Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodMeasurement CoordinationTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal

3、 laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or

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6、expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operat

7、ingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.

8、Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicab

9、le API standard.The examples in Step 5 of 10.4 are for illustration purposes only. Each company should develop its own approach.They are not to be considered exclusive or exhaustive in nature. API makes no warranties, express or implied forreliance on or any omissions from the information contained

10、in this document.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishi

11、ng Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by let

12、ters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and

13、 is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L S

14、treet, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up

15、 to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited a

16、nd should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Apparatus Verification or Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 Report . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Annex A.1 (Mandatory Information) Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Figures1 Hydrometer Scale Reading for Transparent Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Hydrometer Scale Reading for Opaque Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Tables1 Recommended Hydrometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Recommended Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Precision Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7vDesignation: D1298 12bManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1Standard Test Method forDensity, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleumand Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method1Th

28、is standard is issued under the fixed designation D1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an

29、 editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determinationusing a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series ofcalculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity ofcrude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petrol

30、eumand nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, andhaving a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) orless. Values are determined at existing temperatures andcorrected to 15C or 60F by means of a series of calculationsand international standard tables.1.2 The initial hydrometer rea

31、dings obtained are uncor-rected hydrometer readings and not density measurements.Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the referencetemperature or at another convenient temperature, and readingsare corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expan-sion effect, alternate calibratio

32、n temperature effects and to thereference temperature by means of the Petroleum MeasurementTables; values obtained at other than the reference temperaturebeing hydrometer readings and not density measurements.1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or APIgravity can be converted to equ

33、ivalent values in the other unitsor alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconver-sion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct toD1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMSChapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in

34、the labo-ratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations.The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to theinitial hydrometer reading with observations and results re-ported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequentcalculation procedure (ticket calculation, mete

35、r factorcalculation, or base prover volume determination).1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-ing the equipment for this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.7 This stand

36、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS

37、TM Standards:2D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Product

38、sE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS C

39、hapter 8.3 Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD5854)MPMS Chapter 11.1 Temperature and Pressure Volume Cor-rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Prod-ucts and Lubricating Oils (Adjunct to ASTM D1250)1This test method is under the juris

40、diction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, thejoint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved June 1,

41、 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D129812a. DOI:10.1520/D1298-12B.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

42、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards. Available from theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM

43、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1MPMS Chapter 11.5 Density/Weight/Volume Intraconver-sion2.3 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 389 Determination of wax appearance temperature(WAT) of middle distillate fuels by differential thermalanalysi

44、s (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)IP Standard Methods Book, Appendix A, Specifications IPStandard Thermometers2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 649-1 Laboratory glassware Density hydrometers forgeneral purpose Part 1: Specification2.5 ASTM Adjuncts:Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measureme

45、nt Tables(API MPMS Chapter 11.1)63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 API gravity, na special function of relative density(specific gravity) 60/60F, represented by:API 5 141.5/relative density 60/60 F!# 2 131.5 (1)3.1.1.1 DiscussionNo statement of reference temperat

46、ureis required, as 60F is included in the definition.3.1.2 cloud point, ntemperature at which a cloud of waxcrystals first appears in a liquid when it is cooled under specificconditions.3.1.3 density, nthe mass of liquid per unit volume at 15Cand 101.325 kPa with the standard unit of measurement bei

47、ngkilograms per cubic metre.3.1.3.1 DiscussionOther reference temperatures, such as20C, may be used for some products or in some locations.Less preferred units of measurement (for example, kg/L org/mL) are still in use.3.1.4 hydrometer reading, nthe point on the hydrometerscale at which the surface

48、of the liquid cuts the scale.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn practice for transparent fluids thiscan be readily determined by aligning the surface of the liquidon both sides of the hydrometer and reading the Hydrometerscale where these surface readings cut the scale (HydrometerReading Observed). For nontranspa

49、rent fluids the point atwhich the liquid surface cuts the Hydrometer scale cannot bedetermined directly and requires a correction (Meniscus Cor-rection). The value represented by the point (Meniscus Read-ing) at which the liquid sample rises above the main surface ofthe liquid subtracted from the value represented by where themain surface of the liquid cuts the Hydrometer scale is theamount of the correction or Meniscus correction. This menis-cus correction is documented and then subtracted from thevalue represented by the Meniscus Reading to yield theHy