ASTM C99 C99M-2018 Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone.pdf

1、Designation: C99/C99M 15C99/C99M 18Standard Test Method forModulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C99/C99M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio

2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate.1.2 The values st

3、ated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1

4、.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations pr

5、ior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Bar

6、riers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Terminology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 T

7、his test method is useful in indicating the differences in modulus of rupture between the various dimension stones. Thistest method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineThe accuracy of the testing machine shall be within 1 % for the range from

8、 10 to 1000 lbf 50 to 5000N.5.2 Load Application and Support BlocksThe supports for the specimen shall be of the rocker type (Fig. 1) with edges at leastas long as the width of the specimen. The load application block may be of either the rocker or rigid type. The portions of the loadapplication and

9、 support blocks contacting the stone shall be rounded, with a nominal radius of 12 in. 13 mm.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration and of the quality suppliedto the market under the type designation to be tested. The sample may

10、 be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representativefrom the quarried stone or taken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation of the desired numberof test specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples as are nec

11、essary for determiningthe variations in modulus of rupture.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi

12、ttee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2018. Published July 2015October 2018. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asC9909.15. DOI: 10.1520/C0099_C0099M-15.10.1520/C0099_C0099M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websit

13、e, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication

14、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider

15、ed the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens shall be 4 by 8 by 214 in. 100 by 200 by 60 mm in size and fabricated to tolerances of 6116 in. 62 mm.They shall be sawed from

16、 the sample and finished by grinding to smooth surfaces. The 4 by 8-in. 100 by 200-mm faces shallbe as nearly plane and parallel as practicable. For loading perpendicular to the rift (Note 2) five specimens shall be prepared withthe 4 by 8-in. 100 by 200-mm faces parallel to the rift planes (see Fig

17、. 1), and for loading parallel to the rift, five specimens shallbe prepared with the 4 by 214-in. 100 by 60-mm faces parallel to the rift (Note 3). When tests are desired on the stone in boththe wet and dry condition, ten specimens shall be prepared for each direction of loading; that is, five for t

18、ests dry, perpendicularto the rift, five for tests wet, perpendicular to the rift, etc.NOTE 2The term rift is used here to designate the direction in which the stone splits most easily. In stratified stones it is considered to coincide withthe bedding or stratification. The rift direction should alw

19、ays be marked on the sample by the quarryman, since it often is not possible to determine iton a small block.NOTE 3Another condition of loading may occur in structures when the rift planes are vertical and parallel to the length of the beam. The strengthof the stone may be obtained for such loading

20、by cutting the specimens with the 214 by 8-in. 60 by 200-mm face parallel to the rift. The meager dataSI Unit Equivalents214 in. 60 mm312 in. 90 mm4 in. 100 mm8 in. 200 mmFIG. 1 Specimens and Preferred Type of Load Application and Support Blocks for Determining the Modulus of Rupture of BuildingSton

21、eC99/C99M 182available for this condition of loading indicates that the strength is at least as high as when the load is applied perpendicular to the rift as shown in Fig.1.8. Marking and Measuring Specimens8.1 On the 4 by 8-in. 100 by 200-mm face draw the center line perpendicular to one edge (8 by

22、 214-in. 60 by 200-mm face)and extend down both edges perpendicular to the 4 by 8-in. 100 by 200-mm face. At a distance of 312 in. 90 mm each wayfrom the center line, draw two similar sets of lines (span lines in Fig. 1). Mark each specimen to indicate the direction of the riftand label with suitabl

23、e numbers or letters for identification in measuring and testing.8.2 Measure the dimensions of the cross section on the center line. Measure the width to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.1 mm and takethe thickness as the average of three measurements to the nearest 0.01 in. 0.1 mm, one taken at the center and

24、 one near each edge.9. Conditioning9.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dry them for 48 h at 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th and 48thhour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimensuntil there are thre

25、e successive hourly readings with the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, cool them toroom temperature in a desiccator before testing them.9.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, immerse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C. Test themimmediately upon removal fr

26、om the bath, wiping the specimens free of surface water.10. Procedure10.1 Lay the specimen flatwise on the support blocks, spaced 7 in. 180 mm apart and equidistant from the load applicationblock (Note 4), with all three load application and support blocks parallel. When a load of 10 lbf 50 N has be

27、en applied, stopthe loading and make all load application and support blocks coincide with the marks on the specimen by centering the specimenunder the load application block and moving the support blocks under the span marks. Apply the loading at a rate not exceeding1000 lbf/min 5000 N/min until fa

28、ilure of the specimen.NOTE 4When all three load application and support blocks are of the rocker type, care must be taken to adjust all three until the top face of thespecimen is horizontal when loaded.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen as follows:R 53Wl/2bd2 (1)wh

29、ere:R = modulus of rupture, psi MPa,W = breaking load, lbf N,l = length of span, in. mm,b = width of specimen, in. mm, andd = thickness of specimen, in. mm.11.2 Calculate the average value of the test results for each test condition (wet, dry, perpendicular to rift, parallel to rift, etc.)using the

30、following equation:Cav 5 sum of individual test results for each test condition!number of tests for each test condition! (2)11.3 Standard deviation(s) of the test results for each test condition using the following relation:S 5sum of test result 2 Cav! !2 number of tests 2 1!#12 (3)12. Report12.1 Re

31、port the average of all values of modulus of rupture for test specimens loaded perpendicular to the rift as the modulusof rupture perpendicular to the rift, and report the average for all test specimens loaded parallel to the rift as the modulus of ruptureparallel to the rift. In case any specimen g

32、ives a value of as much as 20 % under the average it shall be examined for defects and,if the low value appears to be due to a flaw or faulty test piece, report the average of the remaining specimens of the group as themodulus of rupture of the sample for the condition of loading under consideration

33、. Report all determinations as information.following:12.1.1 Date,12.1.2 Testing agency,12.1.3 Personnel responsible for reporting the test results,12.1.4 Description of the testing equipment or apparatus used,C99/C99M 18312.1.5 Identification of the samples, including name and location of the quarry

34、, name or position of the ledge (if applicable),date when each sample was taken, trade name of stone, and the classification or grade of stone,12.1.6 Stone type (as described by the sample provider, that is, brownstone, granite, limestone, marble, slate, etc.),12.1.7 Dimension of each individual spe

35、cimen,12.1.8 Stone specimen orientations tested,12.1.9 Conditioning procedures used,12.1.10 Individual test results for each specimen,12.1.11 Average value of the test results for each test condition (wet, dry, perpendicular to rift, parallel to rift, etc.),12.1.11.1 In case any specimen gives a val

36、ue of as much as 20 % under the average it shall be examined for defects and, if thelow value appears to be due to a flaw or faulty test piece, report the average of the remaining specimens of the group as the modulusof rupture of the sample for the condition of loading under consideration.12.1.12 S

37、tandard deviation(s) of the test results for each test condition, and12.1.13 Statements describing deviations from the above-described testing procedures, as well as any variance from the testspecimen dimensional and preparatory requirements.12.2 Report the following additional information:12.2.1 Id

38、entification of the sample, including the name and location of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, date whensample was taken, and trade name or grade of the stone,12.2.2 Size and shape of specimens used in the test, and12.2.3 A description of the way in which the specimens were prepared.13.

39、Precision and Bias13.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result in deviation from accepted values. A precision section will be addedwhen sufficient data are available to indicate acceptable tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.14. Keywords14.1 dimension stone; flexure; modulu

40、s of rupture; stone; testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infring

41、ement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o

42、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k

43、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting A

44、STM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184