ASTM D1079-2018 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing.pdf

1、Designation: D1079 16D1079 18Standard Terminology Relating toRoofing and Waterproofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i

2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2C33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyiso

3、cyanurate Thermal InsulationC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation BoardD312D312/D312M Specification for Asphalt Used in RoofingD450D450/D450M Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and WaterproofingD698 Test Methods for Laboratory C

4、ompaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700kN-m/m3)D2822D2822/D2822M Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Containing (Withdrawn

5、2016)3D4022 Specification for Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos ContainingD4586D4586/D4586M Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-FreeD6136D6136/D6136M Test Method for Kerosine Number of Unsaturated (Dry) Felt by Vacuum Method2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:accelerated weathering, vthe exposure

6、 of a specimen to a specified test environment for a specified time with the intent ofproducing, in a shorter time period, effects similar to actual weathering.aggregate(1) crushed stone, crushed slag, or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up roof; (2) any granular mineralmaterial.alligato

7、ringthe cracking of the surfacing bitumen on a built-up roof, producing a pattern of cracks similar to an alligators hide;the cracks may not extend through the surfacing bitumen.anionic emulsionan emulsion in which the emulsifying system establishes a predominance of negative charges on thediscontin

8、uous phase.application ratethe quantity (mass, volume or thickness) of material applied per unit area.artificial weathering, vexposure to conditions, which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humidity, radiant energy,and/or any other conditions or pollutants found in the atmosphere in var

9、ious geographical areas, which may accelerate changesin properties of materials over those of natural weather conditions.asbestosa group of natural fibrous impure silicate materials.asphalta dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in

10、natureor are obtained in petroleum processing.asphalt, air blownan asphalt produced by blowing air through molten asphalt at an elevated temperature to raise its softeningpoint and modify other properties.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing

11、 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.01 onNomenclature, Definitions and Editorial.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Dec. 15, 2018. Published March 2016January 2019. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 asD1079 13D1079 16.1. DOI: 10.1520/D1079-16

12、.10.1520/D1079-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this histori

13、cal standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, A

14、STM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1aspha

15、ltenea high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphtha solventat a specified temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio.DISCUSSIONThe asphaltene fraction should be identified by the temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio used.asphalt feltan asphalt-s

16、aturated felt.asphaltitea natural asphalt found below ground level.asphalt mastica mixture of asphaltic material and graded mineral aggregate that can be poured when heated, but requiresmechanical manipulation to apply.asphalt rock (rock asphalt)a naturally occurring rock formation, usually limeston

17、e or sandstone, containing throughout its massa minor amount of asphalt.asphalt roof cement, na trowelable mixture of asphalt, solvents, mineral stabilizers, fillers or fibers, or both. See SpecificationsD2822D2822/D2822M and D4586D4586/D4586M.asphalt roof cement, nsee flashing cement.asphalt, steam

18、 blownan asphalt produced by blowing steam through molten asphalt to modify its properties.backnailingthe practice of blind-nailing roofing felts to a substrate in addition to hot-mopping to prevent slippage.bald roofSee smooth-surfaced roof.base plythe bottom or first ply in a built-up roofing memb

19、rane when additional plies are to be subsequently installed.base sheeta product intended to be used as a base ply in a built-up roofing system.bitumen(1) a class of amorphous, black or dark-colored, (solid, semi-solid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural ormanufactured, composed principally

20、 of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, soluble in carbon disulfide, and found in asphalts,tars, pitches, and asphaltites; (2) a generic term used to denote any material composed principally of bitumen.bitumen trapSee pitch pocket.bituminized, adjimpregnated with bitumen. Example: bituminized fiber

21、pipe.bituminous, adjcontaining or treated with bitumen. Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminous felts and fabrics, bituminouspavement.bituminous emulsion(1) a suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution; (2) asuspension of minute globules of water or of

22、an aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material (invert emulsion).bituminous grouta mixture of bituminous material and fine sand that will flow into place without mechanical manipulationwhen heated.blast-furnace slagthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicat

23、es of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.blind nailingthe use of nails that are not exposed to the weather in the finished roofing.blister(1) a raised portion of a roofing membrane resulting from local internal pressure; (2) th

24、e similarly formed protuberancesin coated prepared roofing.blocking(1) wood built into a roofing system above the deck and below the membrane and flashing to (a) stiffen the deck aroundan opening, (b) act as a stop for insulation, (c) serve as a nailer for attachment of the membrane or flashing.(2)

25、wood cross-members installed between rafters or joists to provide support at cross-joints between deck panels.(3) cohesion or adhesion between similar or dissimilar materials in roll or sheet form that may interfere with the satisfactoryand efficient use of the material.blueberrySee strawberry.bondt

26、he adhesive and cohesive forces holding two roofing components in intimate contact.broomingembedding a ply by using a broom to smooth it out and ensure contact with the adhesive under the ply.built-up roofinga continuous, semiflexible membrane consisting of plies of saturated felts, coated felts, fa

27、brics or matsassembled in place with alternate layers of bitumen, and surfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials, or a granulesurfaced sheet (abbreviation, BUR).D1079 182cant stripa beveled strip used under flashings to modify the angle at the point where the roofing or waterproofing memb

28、ranemeets any vertical element.cap flashingSee flashing.cap sheeta granule-surfaced coated felt used as the top ply of a built-up roofing membrane.cationic emulsionan emulsion in which the emulsifying system establishes a predominance of positive charges on thediscontinuous phase.caulkinga compositi

29、on of vehicle and pigment, used at ambient temperatures for filling joints, that remains plastic for anextended time after application.channel moppingSee mopping, (3) strip.coal tara dark brown to black cementitious material produced by the destructive distillation of coal.coal tar roof cement, na t

30、rowelable mixture of processed coal tar base, solvents, mineral fillers or fibers, or both. SeeSpecification D4022.coal-tar felta felt that has been saturated with refined coal tar.coal-tar pitcha dark brown to black, solid cementitious material obtained as residue in the partial evaporation or dist

31、illation ofcoal tar.coated sheet (or felt)(1) an asphalt felt that has been coated on both sides with harder, more viscous asphalt; (2) a glass fiberfelt that has been simultaneously impregnated and coated with asphalt on both sides.coke-oven tarSee coal tar.cold-process roofinga continuous, semifle

32、xible membrane consisting of plies of felts, mats, or fabrics laminated on a roof withalternate layers of roof cement and surfaced with a cold-applied coating.concealed membrane waterproofing, nalso referred to as structural slab waterproofing; (1) for below grade: refers to a formof waterproofing w

33、here the membrane is applied to the mud mat and later covered with a topping, usually concrete, to act asa wearing layer or course, and (2) for elevated structural concrete deck: applied over the structural surface and covered/concealedby other components such as a topping slab, pavers, ballast, pav

34、ement, and plantings.condensationthe conversion of water vapor or other gas to liquid as the temperature drops or atmospheric pressures rises. (Seealso dew point).conditioning, vthe storage of a specimen under specified temperature, humidity, etc., for a specified time prior to testing.conductance,

35、thermalthe thermal transmission in unit time through unit area of a particular body or assembly having definedsurfaces, when unit average temperature difference is established between the surfaces. C = Wm2K (C = Btuhft2F).conductivity, thermalthe thermal transmission, by conduction only, in unit tim

36、e through unit area between two isothermalsurfaces of an infinite slab of a homogeneous material of unit thickness, in a direction perpendicular to the surface, when unittemperature difference is established between the surfaces. k = WmK (k = Btuin.hft2F).cone penetrationSee penetration.copinga cove

37、ring on top of a wall exposed to the weather, usually sloped to carry off water.counterflashingformed metal or elastomeric sheeting secured on or into a wall, curb, pipe, roof-top unit, or other surface, tocover and protect the upper edge of a base flashing and its associated fasteners.coveragethe s

38、urface area to be continuously covered by a specific quantity of a particular material.creepthe time-dependent part of a strain resulting from stress.cricket, na construction to divert water around or away from a chimney, curb, wall, expansion joint, or other penetration. (Seesaddle).crushed stoneth

39、e product resulting from the artificial crushing of rocks, boulders, or large cobblestones, substantially all facesof which have resulted from the crushing operation.cutbacksolvent-thinned bitumen used in cold-process roofing adhesives, flashing cements, and roof coatings.cutoffa detail designed to

40、prevent lateral water movement into the insulation where the membrane terminates at the end of adays work, or used to isolate sections of the roofing system. It is usually removed before the continuation of the work.dampproofingtreatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in th

41、e absence of hydrostatic pressure.D1079 183dead levelabsolutely horizontal, or zero slope (see also slope).dead level asphalta roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of Specification D312D312/D312M, Type I.dead level roofinga roofing system applied on a surface with a 0 to 2 % incline.deckth

42、e structural surface to which the roofing or waterproofing system (including insulation) is applied.direction changea change in the orientation of the principal dimension or of the support of adjoining units of the roofing system.double pourto apply two layers of aggregate and bitumen to a built-up

43、roof.dry felt(1) see felt; (2) a felt which has not been saturated with bitumen.edge strippingapplication of felt strips cut to narrower widths than the normal felt-roll width to cover a joint between flashingand built-up roofing.edge ventingthe practice of providing regularly spaced protected openi

44、ngs at a roof perimeter to relieve water vapor pressurein the insulation.elastomera macromolecular material that returns rapidly to its approximate initial dimensions and shape after substantialdeformation by a weak stress and subsequent release of that stress.embedment(1) the process of pressing a

45、felt, aggregate, fabric, mat, or panel uniformly and completely into hot bitumen oradhesive to ensure intimate contact at all points; (2) the process of pressing granules into coating in the manufacture offactory-prepared roofing, such as shingles.emulsionan intimate mixture of bitumen and water, wi

46、th uniform dispersion of the bitumen or water globules, usually stabilizedby an emulsifying agent or system.envelopea continuous membrane edge seal formed at the perimeter and at penetrations by folding the base sheet or ply over theplies above and securing it to the top of the membrane. The envelop

47、e prevents bitumen seepage from the edge of the membrane.equilibrium moisture content(1) the moisture content of a material stabilized at a given temperature and relative humidity,expressed as percent moisture by weight; (2) the typical moisture content of a material in any given geographical area.e

48、quiviscous temperature (EVT), nthe temperature at which a bitumen attains the proper viscosity for built-up membraneapplication. EVTmay or may not be applicable to polymer modified bituminous sheet materials. (See EVT for asphalt and EVTfor coal tar).DISCUSSIONIn England, EVT is the temperature corr

49、esponding to a standard efflux time from a road tar viscometer.equiviscous temperature for asphalt, nthe equiviscous temperature (EVT) for roofing asphalt (Specification D312D312/D312M, Type I, II, III, or IV) is as follows: (1) mop applicationthe temperature at which the asphalts apparent viscosity is125 cP. (2) mechanical spreader applicationthe temperature at which the asphalts apparent viscosity is 75 cP. Seeequiviscous temperature and EVT application range.equiviscous te