ASTM D1610-2018 Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing.pdf

1、Designation: D1610 18Standard Practice forConditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of all uni

3、ts andspecimens of leather and leather products prior to testing andthe conditions under which they should be tested. This practicedoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user

4、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in th

5、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity

6、 with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 IU Standards:IUP/3 Conditioning23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this practice,refer to Terminology D1517.3.1.2 standard atmospheric conditionsfor leather andleather testing, one

7、 of two sets of conditions:(1) a temperature of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and a relativehumidity of 50 6 4%(2) a temperature of 20 6 2C (68.0 6 3.6F) and a relativehumidity of 65 6 4%.Condition set (1) is used as the standard for leather testing inNorth America and condition set (2) is used as the stand

8、ard forleather testing in Europe and Japan.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible test results on leather and leatherproducts by the standardization of the relative humidity andtemperature conditions to which the leather or leather

9、 productis subjected prior to and during testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 Temperature and relative humidity have an influence onmany of the physical properties of leather. Depending onenvironmental conditions the moisture content in leather mayvary significantly. Standardized conditioning in part

10、allows forreliable comparisons to be made among different leather andleather products, and among different laboratories.6. Apparatus6.1 Room, in which the standard atmosphere is automati-cally maintained.6.2 PsychrometerEither a sling psychrometer, or a station-ary type psychrometer having the air c

11、irculated over thethermometer bulbs.NOTE 1It is preferable to draw air over the thermometer bulb ratherthan blow air, from a fan source, over them. Heat from the fan may causeerrors in the readings.6.3 ThermometersThe thermometers should conform ap-proximately to the following requirements: range 0

12、to 52C (32to 122 F); graduation 0.2C (0.5F). They should be matchedto within 0.1C (0.25F) throughout the range used. Calibratethermometer in accordance with manufacturers instructions.NOTE 2Under ordinary conditions, an error of 1 % in relativehumidity corresponds to an error of approximately 0.1C (

13、0.2F) in thewet-bulb depression.6.4 Chamber for maintaining 65 % relative humidityArelative humidity of 65 6 2 % at 20 6 2C can be maintainedin a closed space by the use of a saturated solution of certain1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather andis the direct respon

14、sibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties. Thispractice was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1610 01 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/

15、D1610-18.2Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol XLII, No. 12, pp386387.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles

16、on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1salts in water (in which the solid phase is present in excess)3ora sulfuric acid

17、solution. The solution should be placed in alarge shallow dish inside the closed vessel. Continuous circu-lation of air inside the vessel is essential. Appropriate saturatedsalt solutions can be prepared from either pure ammoniumnitrate or pure sodium nitrate.NOTE 3Creeping of the solid phase in the

18、se salt solutions can be madenegligible by applying a thin layer of paraffin wax on the inside wall of theshallow dish.NOTE 4Vegetable-tanned leathers experience a slight change of colorwhen stored over sodium nitrite, but there is no evidence of damage to theleather or any detrimental effect on the

19、 physical properties of the leather.4A sulfuric acid solution that is 35.6 % by weight (sp. gr.1.270 20C) is satisfactory. It is necessary to check the sp.gr. of this solution from time to time and to restore it to thevalue 1.270 by appropriate additions of water or concentratedsulfuric acid.7. Cali

20、bration7.1 ThermometersThe thermometers used for the determi-nation of the wet- and dry-bulb temperature shall be calibratedagainst a certified standard thermometer and any correctionsfound necessary shall be applied to the readings.NOTE 5Test Method E337 may be used for reference.7.2 Relative Humid

21、ityUse either the sling or the stationarypsychrometer to determine the relative humidity of the condi-tioned atmosphere. In both cases, air circulation rate around thethermometer bulbs should be not less than 10 ft (3 m)/s and theexposure not less than 60 s before readings are taken. Whenusing the s

22、ling psychrometer, readings, especially of the wetbulb, shall be taken as quickly as possible after bringing it torest.7.2.1 Using the wet- and dry-bulb readings, determine therelative humidity from psychrometric tables.3NOTE 6The wet-bulb temperature, Tw, in degrees Celsius correspond-ing to a rela

23、tive humidity of 50 % at a given air temperature, t, in degreesCelsius (dry-bulb) and a given barometric pressure, B, in centimetres ofmercury, may be calculated as follows:Tw5 0.82t 2 2.68 2 0.03 76.2 2 B! (1)If t is degrees Fahrenheit and B is in inches of mercury then theequation will be as follo

24、ws:Tw5 0.82t10.72 2 0.15 30 2 B! (2)NOTE 7A hygrothermograph or similar instrument may be used toindicate the approximate temperature and relative humidity of the condi-tioning room. It should be checked for accuracy at frequent intervals, butit shall not be used as a substitute for the thermometer

25、and psychrometerto determine the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere.8. Procedure8.1 Either the prepared test specimen or the unit from whichit is to be cut shall be conditioned.8.2 The conditioning room is to be used for both condition-ing and testing. Suspend each test specimen or

26、unit so that thestandard atmosphere will have free access to all the surfaces.8.3 Time of ConditioningStore the specimens or units inthe standard atmosphere until they reach mass equilibrium.This usually requires from 24 to 75 h, depending on the leatherand its thickness. The specimens shall have re

27、ached equilib-rium when hourly weightings show progressive mass changesnot greater than 0.25 %.8.4 MeasurementsMeasure all dimensions of test speci-mens after conditioning. If the units are conditioned, cut allspecimens from the unit and measure them in the standardatmosphere.9. Report9.1 The report

28、 of results of testing shall be accompanied bya statement as to whether or not the specimens were condi-tioned and tested in the standard atmosphere.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; humidity; leather; preparation for testing;temperatureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of an

29、y patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to rev

30、ision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your

31、 comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyr

32、ighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org

33、 (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Lange,Handbook of Chemistry, Handbook Publishers; and Wilson, Modern Practice inLeather Manufacture, Reinhold Publishing Co.4Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol 48, No. 10, p 377.D1610 182