ASTM D1835-2018a Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases.pdf

1、Designation: D1835 18aStandard Specification forLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers those products commonlyreferred to as liquefied petroleum gases, consisting of propane,propene (propylene), butane, and mixt

3、ures of these materials.Four basic types of liquefied petroleum gases are provided tocover the common use applications.1.2 This specification is applicable to products intended foruse as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and enginefuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded

4、 asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3.1 The non-SI unit psig is the standard unit forfootnote B of Table 1 because that unit of measurement iswidely used in North American industry.1.4 This standard does not p

5、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international stan

6、dard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. R

7、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases, Manual MethodD1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of LightHydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerD1837

8、 Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases (Withdrawn 2017)3D1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) GasesD2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons inLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gas

9、es and Propane/PropeneMixtures by Gas ChromatographyD2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Proper-ties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Composi-tional AnalysisD2713 Test Method for Dryness

10、of Propane (Valve FreezeMethod)D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston CylinderD5504 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compoundsin Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-phy and ChemiluminescenceD5623 Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petro-leum Liqu

11、ids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selec-tive DetectionD6667 Test Method for Determination of Total VolatileSulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied PetroleumGases by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)D7756 Test M

12、ethod for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases by Gas Chromatography with Liquid, On-Column InjectionD7828 Test Method for Determination of Residue Compo-sition in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Using Auto-mated Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatography (ATD/GC)1This specification is under the juris

13、diction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D183

14、5 18. DOI:10.1520/D1835-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of thi

15、s historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internatio

16、nally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D7994 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine, and S

17、ulfurin Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) by Oxidative Pyrohydro-lytic Combustion Followed by Ion Chromatography De-tection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)2.2 GPA Midstream Association Standard:4GPA Standard 2140 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specificationsand Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1

18、commercial butane, na hydrocarbon product for usewhere low volatility is required.3.1.2 commercial PB mixtures, nmixtures of propane andbutane for use where intermediate volatility is required.3.1.3 commercial propane, na hydrocarbon product foruse where high volatility is required. Commercial propa

19、ne issuitable for certain low severity internal combustion engineapplications.3.1.4 liquefied petroleum gas (LP Gas, LPG), na narrowboiling range mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of propane,propylene, butanes and butylenes, individually or in specifiedcombinations, with limited amounts of other hy

20、drocarbons(such as ethane) and naturally occurring, petroleum-derived,non-hydrocarbons.3.1.4.1 DiscussionLPG is typically maintained in a liquidstate by containing it within a closed container or storage tankthat can withstand the vapor pressure of the LPG at ambienttemperature, or at a low temperat

21、ure in refrigerated storage.3.1.4.2 DiscussionIn many jurisdictions, LPG for fuelpurposes is required to be odorized with a stenching agent suchas ethyl mercaptan.3.1.5 special-duty propane, na product composed chieflyof propane which exhibits superior antiknock characteristicsand was specifically d

22、eveloped for use as fuel in spark-ignitioninternal combustion engines.4. Sampling4.1 Proper sampling of liquefied gases is extremely impor-tant if the test results are to be significant. Obtain representa-tive samples in accordance with Practice D1265 or PracticeD3700. In the event of a dispute invo

23、lving sample integritywhen sampling for testing against D1835 requirements, Prac-tice D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall con-form to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6. Keywords6.1 butane; HD-5 pro

24、pane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gasesspecifications; LPG; propane; special duty propane4Available from GPA Midstream Association, 6060 American Plaza, Suite 700,Tulsa, OK 74135, http:/www.gpaglobal.org.D1835 18a2TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum GasesProduct TypeCommercialPropaneC

25、ommercialButaneCommercialPB MixturesSpecial-DutyPropaneAASTM Test Methods (seeSection 2)Vapor pressure at 37.8 C (100 F), kPa (psig)max1435 (208) 483 (70)B1435 (208) D1267Cor D2598 or D6897Heavier hydrocarbon contaminants:DButane and heavier,E% by volume, max 2.5 . . 2.5 D2163Pentane and heavier,F%

26、by volume, max . 2.0 2.0 . D2163Propylene content, % by volume, max . . . 5.0 D2163Residual matter:G,HOne of the following requirements shall be met:(1) Residue on evaporation of 100 mL, mL, max,and0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158JOil stain observation passIpassIpassIpassID2158Jor(2) Residue by gas chromat

27、ography, mg/kg, max 350 350 350 350 D7756Density at 15 C or relative density at15.6 C 15.6 C (60 F 60 F)KKK. D1657 or D2598Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838LSulfur, mg/kg (ppm by mass), max 185M140M140M123MD6667Hydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D2420Moisture content pass . .

28、pass D2713Free water content . noneNnoneN. .AEquivalent to Propane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.BThe permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed 208 psig (1435 kPa) and additionally shall not exceed the pressure calculatedin psig from the following relationship be

29、tween the observed vapor pressure at 100 F (37.8 C) and the observed relative density at either 60 F or 15.6 C:Vapor pressure, psig, max511672 1880 srelative density at 60 F/60 Fd (1)511672 1880 srelative density at 15.6 C/15.6 Cd (2)A specific mixture shall be designated by the vapor pressure at 10

30、0 F in pounds per square inch gauge. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of the mixtureshall be within +0 psi to 10 psi of the vapor pressure specified.CIn case of dispute about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by Test Method D1267 shall prevail over the

31、value calculated by Practice D2598or measured by Test Method D6897.DSee X1.2.2.3.E“Butane and heavier” includes all hydrocarbons (including olefins) with 4 or more carbon atoms.F“Pentane and heavier” includes all hydrocarbons (including olefins) with 5 or more carbon atoms.GSee X1.2.4 for informatio

32、n about residues in LPG and for information about gas chromatographic tests for residues in LPG.HSee X1.2.9 for information about determining halide contaminants in LPG.IAn acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper, in

33、0.1 mL increments and examined in daylightafter 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.JIn case of dispute, Test Method D2158 shall be the referee test method.KAlthough not a specific requirement, the density or relative density can be needed for other purposes and should be reported. Additionally,

34、 the relative density of PBmixture is needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).LThis method may not accurately determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains corrosion inhibitorsor other chemic

35、als which diminish the reaction with the copper strip.MThe total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for stenching purposes.NThe presence or absence of water may be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the density or relative density is determine

36、d.D1835 18a3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM (LP) GASESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Liquefied petroleum gas products are composed ofthose readily liquefiable hydrocarbon compounds that areproduced in the course of processing natural gas and also

37、 in thecourse of the conventional refining of crude oil. The compo-sition of liquefied gases can vary widely depending upon thesource and the nature of the treatment to which the productshave been subjected.X1.1.2 There are many uses for liquefied petroleum gases.Important uses include, (1) as domes

38、tic, commercial, andindustrial fuels, (2) as a carbon source material in metaltreating operations, ( 3) as refinery raw materials for synthesisof gasoline components, and (4) as petrochemical raw materi-als. The nature of the needs dictates the required compositioncharacteristics in these various ap

39、plications. Since the last threeuses of those listed are in the category of specialty applications,which involve special requirements, they are excluded fromconsideration in the specifications.X1.1.3 In substance, this specification is designed to prop-erly define acceptable products for domestic, c

40、ommercial, andindustrial uses. In many cases it will be found that productsmeeting the specifications will also be usable in applicationsother than the ones for which they were designed. Thefollowing can be accepted as a general guide in the morecommon use applications of the four types of fuels:X1.

41、1.3.1 Commercial PropaneThis fuel type is adequatefor domestic, commercial, and industrial use, particularly ingeographical areas and in seasons where low ambient tempera-tures are common, and where uniformity of fuel is an importantconsideration. Commercial propane can be suitable for certainlow se

42、verity internal combustion engine applications.X1.1.3.2 Commercial PB MixturesThis fuel type, since itcovers a broad range of mixtures, permits the tailoring of fuelsto specific needs. The various mixtures find application asdomestic, commercial, and industrial fuel in areas and at timeswhen low amb

43、ient temperature conditions are not encountered.This fuel type is not suitable for vapor withdrawal applicationsin cool or cold climates.X1.1.3.3 Commercial ButaneThis fuel type finds limitedapplication as a domestic fuel in areas of warmer climates. It issimilarly used in industrial applications wh

44、ere problems of fuelvaporization are not present, such as direct liquid injection.X1.1.3.4 Special-Duty PropaneThis fuel type, equivalentto HD-5 propane, is a product tailored to meet the restrictiveneeds of internal combustion engines operating under moderateto high engine severity (that is, normal

45、 automotive applica-tions). Fuel products of this type will be less variable incomposition and combustion characteristics than the otherproducts covered by this specification. Special-Duty Propanecan be used as a substitute for Commercial Propane.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 This specification ad

46、dresses commercial liquefiedpetroleum gases consisting of either propane or butane ormixtures thereof. Consequently, the important characteristicsof these products can be defined and controlled by a relativelyfew simple measurements. The specification test methodsprovided achieve the desired results

47、. The significance of thevarious tests as they can apply to consumer problems issummarized here.X1.2.2 Vapor Pressure, Heavier HydrocarbonContaminants, and Relative Density:X1.2.2.1 Vapor PressureIndirect measure of the mostextreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vapor-ization can be

48、expected to take place. It can be considered as asemiquantitative measure of the amount of the most volatilematerial present in the product. It can also be used as a meansfor predicting the maximum pressures which can be experi-enced at fuel tank temperatures. Vapor pressure becomes moresignificant

49、when it is related to volatility.X1.2.2.2 Heavier Hydrocarbon ContaminantsExpressedas limits on butane and heavier hydrocarbons and pentaneand heavier hydrocarbons are a measure of less volatilecomponents present in the product. Coupled with a vaporpressure limit, they serve to assure essentially single-component products in the cases of commercial propane andcommercial butane fuel types. When heavier hydrocarboncontaminants are coupled with a vapor pressure limit which hasbeen related to density or gravity, as in the case of thecommercial