ASTM D5823-2019 Standard Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings.pdf

1、Designation: D5823 13D5823 19Standard Test Method forTuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of tuft height using a grooved specimen holder. It applies to cut-pile and loop-pilefloor covering

3、after adhesive backing has been applied to bond the pile yarn to the backing fabric.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard

4、.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations

5、prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical B

6、arriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains and Commercial Allowances for Textile FibersD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Flo

7、or CoveringsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings, D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this sta

8、ndard: finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, level pile, looppile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft height, tuft leg, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles see Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4

9、.1 For cut pile floor covering, individual tuft leg specimens of like character (either cut or loop and of uniform height) are cutas closely as possible to the surface of the backing of a pile floor covering sample and placed, one at a time, in a grooved specimenholder that maintains the tuft yarn i

10、n a straight line while the length of the tuft leg is measured using a graduated scale and amagnifying glass.4.2 For loop pile floor covering, the two tuft legs forming the loop are each severed from the adjacent binding sites at thebacking surface to provide a specimen of twice the tuft height and

11、the length measured as in 4.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Both appearanceand performance can be affected by changes in the tuft height.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit

12、tee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2019. Published August 2013January 2019. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052013 asD582305a.13. DOI: 10.1520/D5823-13.10.15

13、20/D5823-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is inte

14、nded only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curre

15、nt versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test

16、 method for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical biasbetween their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the twoparties sh

17、ould take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type inquestion. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average resultsfrom the two laboratories should be compared using St

18、udents t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosenby the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.

19、1 Grooved Specimen Holder, having a length at least 10 % longer than the longest tuft element to be measured.6.1.1 Specimen Holder, 4-in. (100-mm) long, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.6.1.2 The grooves shall have a V-shaped cross-section with a 1.05 rad (60) angle at the bottom and wid

20、ths across the top toaccommodate several size yarns as follows:Yarn Bulk Groove WidthsCoarse 0.18 in. (4.6 mm)Medium 0.13 in. (3.3 mm)Fine 0.08 in. (2.0 mm)6.1.3 Additional grooves of intermediate width may also be used.6.2 Tuft Cutting Device, blade capable of cutting tuft perpendicular with the pr

21、imary backing so as to permit cutting at the backsurface.6.3 Graduated Scale, clear or opaque, measuring to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.5 mm).6.4 Magnifying Glass, 5 magnification.6.5 Cover Plates, clear plastic or glass.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleThe basic sampling unit of coated floor covering is a ship

22、ping roll. The number of shipping rolls obtained fromeach production roll ranges from one to more than ten.7.1.1 Take a lot sample as directed in Practice E122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on the maximum devia

23、tion that can be tolerated between the estimate to be madefrom the sample and the result that would be obtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot. Otherwise, the number ofsampling units in a lot sample and the use of the test results obtained from the individual test sample shall be in acc

24、ordance withthe manufacturers quality control program or with the specification agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take a sample from each laboratory sampling unit that is full width by at least4 in. (100 mm) longer than the strip samples require

25、d for the test. Do not cut a lab sample of coated floor covering from a seamend of a production roll.7.3 Test Sample A test sample is a designated area of a lab sample that may be marked on or cut from the lab sample. Forlab samples 120 in. (3000 mm) wide or wider, take three test samples, one at ea

26、ch edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the totalfloor covering width, and one in the middle portion of the lab sample. For lab samples at least 60 in. (1500 mm) wide but less than120 in. (3000 mm), take two test samples, one at each edge no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering

27、width. Forlab samples less than 60 in. (1500 mm) wide, only one test sample in the middle of the width is required.7.3.1 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floor covering characteristic may occur in bands 18 in. (0.5 m) or morein width, as with modular pattern devices having separate

28、controls or adjustments for each module, or individual needle control,take test samples from the middle of each band and in the same area of the pattern.7.3.2 When a full width lab sample is not available, take a test sample as directed in 7.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the numbe

29、r of test specimens taken.7.4 Strip Sample From each test sample, take a strip sample approximately 2.5 by 10 in. (63 by 250 mm), with the longerdimension parallel to the manufacturing direction.7.5 Test Specimens Test 10 tufts from each strip sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition and maintain the str

30、ip samples in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as specified in Practice D1776, for4 h or until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 h This method describes the process and measurements acceptable fortextile conditioning.8.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercial r

31、egain of more than 5 %, the strip sample shall be conditionedbefore measuring. Commercial moisture regains for textile fibers are listed in the Table in D1909.D5823 1929. Procedure9.1 Cut ten tuft legs of each kind of tuft, cut or loop, to be measured from the strip samples. Choose the tuft legs to

32、take a nearlyequal number of tuft legs of each kind from each strip sample. Sever the leg of each selected tuft leg or loop as close to the backingsurface as possible.9.2 Select the groove of the specimen holder appropriate to the tuft element yarn diameter.9.2.1 The groove is of appropriate size if

33、 the bend in the middle of the tuft element is substantially removed when the graduatedscale or cover plate is placed over the yarn in the groove. The groove is too small if the fibers of the tuft element spread beyondthe edge of the groove and hold the cover plate above the specimen holder surface.

34、 A deflection of the tuft element fromstraightness of as much as 0.04 in. (1 mm) will not significantly affect the measured tuft length.9.3 Place the extended tuft element in the groove.9.3.1 If a clear graduated scale is used, cover the groove with the graduations directly over the yarn in the groo

35、ve and align thezero graduation with one end of the tuft element.9.3.1.1 If the end of the tuft element is not cut squarely, visually select a location for measuring that is midway between theextremes of the cut.9.3.2 If an opaque scale is used, place the scale along one edge of the groove and the c

36、lear cover plate above the groove abuttingthe scale. Align the zero graduation with one end of the tuft element.9.4 Center the magnifying glass immediately above the tuft element to avoid parallax. Read the graduated scale at the oppositeend of the tuft element and record to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.

37、5 mm).9.5 Repeat 9.3 9.5 for the remaining tuft elements taken from the strip sample.10. Calculations10.1 For each tuft leg, determine the difference between the two readings made in Section 9 to obtain the length of the individualtuft legs.10.2 Average the lengths of each group of ten tuft legs of

38、like character to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.5 mm) for each strip sample.For cut-pile floor covering, record this as the tuft height.10.2.1 For loop pile floor covering, divide the average tuft leg length obtained in 10.2 by 2, rounding to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.5mm) and record this as the tuft height

39、.10.3 Calculate the average tuft height of like character for each laboratory sampling unit and for the lot.11. Report11.1 State that the material was tested as directed in ASTM Test Method D5823 for determining tuft height. Describe thematerial sampled and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report th

40、e following information:11.2.1 Whether the tuft elements were removed from cut pile or loop pile areas of the floor covering, and, in the case ofmultilevel floor covering, state from which level of pile the tuft elements were removed,11.2.2 The average tuft height for each like character for each st

41、rip sample, laboratory sampling unit, and for the lot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test Datatested in each of five laboratories. One operator in each laboratory tested two specimens ofeach material using Test Method D5823. One of the two specimens was tested on one day and one specimen

42、 was tested on a secondday. Analysis of the data was conducted using standard statistical practice. The components of variance for Tuft Height expressedas standard deviations are listed in Table 1. Table 1. The material types were:D5823 1931/10 Gauge Cut Pile1/10 Gauge Cut Pile construction; pile ya

43、rn floor covering; tuft heightANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. CLARIFICATION OF PILE HEIGHT, PILE THICKNESS, AND TUFT HEIGHTA1.1 IntroductionA1.1.1 Confusion sometimes arises in specifying and testing pile yarn floor coverings due to the similarity of the terminologydescribing these distinctly differ

44、ent methods of measuring the height of the pile in relation to the backing. Each method has aspecific purpose and yields different data. They cannot be compared or interchanged. Problems occur when specifications arewritten using pile height and the testing laboratory reports pile thickness or tuft

45、height, which may be more appropriate for theparticular product. Measuring pile thickness or tuft height of a typical loop pile carpet by either procedure will yield a differencein the range of 30 to 40 % from the pile height measurement.A1.2 Pile HeightA1.2.1 Pile height is typically used generical

46、ly by the layman and by manufacturing personnel in setting machinery.TABLE 1 Components of Variance fore Tuft Height as StandardDeviationsMaterial WithinLaboratoryComponentBetweenLaboratoryComponents1/10 GaugeCut Pile0.0000525 0.000113251/10 GaugeCut PileGraphics0.0000525 0.00011325TABLE 2 Critical

47、Differences for Two Averages for the ConditionsNoted, 95% Probability Level, Tuft Height in Inches for Pile FloorCoveringsSingle Fabric Multiple FabricNumber ofDeterminationsWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratoryWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratoryNumber ofDetermin-ationsWithinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratoryWit

48、hinLaboratoryBetweenLaboratory1 0.0201 0.0358 0.0201 0.03992 0.0142 0.0327 0.0142 0.03743 0.0116 0.0316 0.0116 0.03635 0.0090 0.0308 0.0090 0.0358D5823 194A1.2.2 Pile height is measured by inserting a small graduated ruler into the pile down to the backing and reading the overall heightof the pile.

49、This procedure is subject to significant variability between technicians and is therefore used only for rough field workand in machinery settings during the manufacturing process.A1.3 Pile ThicknessA1.3.1 Pile thickness is a technical term used to describe the measurement of thickness of pile yarn which can be sheared fromthe backing of a carpet.A1.3.2 Pile thickness is the preferred procedure for precision measurement of loop pile carpets and of cut pile carpets with a tuftheight of less than 0.25 in. (6.4 mm). Although it is more complex, it is very repeatable be