ASTM D5983-2018 Standard Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Blending With Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.pdf

1、Designation: D5983 18Standard Specification forMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Blending WithGasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grademethyl tertiary-but

3、yl ether utilized in blending with gasolinesat 1 % to 15 % by volume (equivalent to 2.7 % by weightoxygen) for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuelcovered by Specification D4814 as well as other automotivefuel applications involving MTBE. Other MTBE grades maybe available for blending that a

4、re not covered by this specifi-cation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in

5、 the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromom

6、eter Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4057 Practice for Manual

7、Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specificati

8、on for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5441 Test Method for Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether(MTBE) by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wa

9、velength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and HydrocarbonBlends by Karl Fischer TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE

10、300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory

11、 bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH. D57973.2.2 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nt

12、he chemicalcompound CH3OC(CH3)3.3.2.2.1 DiscussionMTBE is also known as 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane.3.2.3 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe

13、e D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5983 17. DOI:10.

14、1520/D5983-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the en

15、d of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDe

16、velopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Performance Requirements4.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether utilized with fuels forground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines shallconform to

17、the requirements of Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified in Table 1, or the specification of additionalproperties, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.4.3 For purposes of determining conformance with thesespecification limits, an observed value

18、 or a calculated valueshall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-mostsignificant digit used in expressing the specification limit, inaccordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. Alldigits expressed in the specification limits are to be consideredsignificant digits.5. Workmanship5.1

19、At the point of custody transfer, the MTBE shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, suspended orundissolved matter. It shall be clear and bright at the fueltemperature at the point of custody transfer or at a lowertemperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.5.1.1 Ethers, such as

20、 MTBE, are visually clear and brightunder normal conditions when free of contamination.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that can render the material unacceptable for itscommonly used applications.5.2.1 If the

21、 product appears discolored, contamination of theproduct may have occurred and testing for contamination maybe warranted. Test Method D156 may be helpful in assessingthe degree of color of the product.5.3 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoidcontamination by silicon-containing materials. S

22、ilicon con-tamination of gasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouledvehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygensensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement andrepairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determiningsilicon that might be applicable to MTBE. Additional

23、studieswill be needed to include MTBE into the scope of Test MethodD7757. No specification limits have been established forsilicon.5.4 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoidcontamination by chlorine or chloride-containing materialssuch as saltwater or halogenated hydrocarbons. Low concen-tr

24、ations of chloride ions are corrosive to many metals.5.5 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoidcontamination by sulfur-containing materials that may cause anincrease in the fuel sulfur content.5.6 In case of dispute or cargo contamination and to test forsuitability for the intended use, cor

25、rosion test values shall notexceed those of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel specifi-cations.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling in order to understand the impor-tance and effects of sampling technique

26、, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 formanual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for auto

27、maticmethod sampling as applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 for procedures on c

28、ontainer selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, MTBE should besampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the sampl

29、es. Plastic containers shouldbe avoided.6.4 Sample SizeA minimum of about 0.5 L is recom-mended.6.5 Lot SizeA lot shall normally consist of the amountcontained in a tanker compartment or other bulk container inwhich it is delivered. If this definition does not apply, thedefinition of a lot must be a

30、greed upon between the supplierand purchaser.NOTE 2See Sections 5, 6, and 7 on Significance, Safety, andStatistical Considerations, respectively, of Practice E300 for a detaileddiscussion of the statistics of sampling.7. Test Methods7.1 The scope of some of the test methods specified belowdo not inc

31、lude MTBE. The precision of those test methods maydiffer from the reported precisions when testing MTBE.7.2 MTBE, % by MassTest Method D5441.7.3 Methanol, % by MassTest Method D5441.7.4 Water ContentTest Method D7923, E203,orE1064.7.5 SulfurTest Method D2622 or D4045.7.6 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentTe

32、st Method D381, air-jet apparatus.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limits MethodMTBE, % by mass, min 95.0 D5441Methanol, % by mass, max 0.5 D5441Water, % by mass, max 0.10 D7923, E203,orE1064Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30AD2622 or D4045Solvent-washed gum content,mg/100 mL, max5BD381AIndividual applic

33、ations may require a more restrictive sulfur limit. These require-ments are to be negotiated between buyer and seller.BMTBE does not typically contain any measurable solvent-washed gum content.The limit is included to ensure that finished blends of gasoline do not containexcess solvent-washed gum an

34、d handling contamination is minimized.D5983 1828. Keywords8.1 automotive spark-ignition engine fuel; blending; chlo-ride; corrosion; impurities; methanol; methyl tertiary-butylether; oxygenate; sulfur; water contentAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR MTBE FOR

35、 BLENDING WITH GASOLINE FOR USE IN AUTOMO-TIVE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE FUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether may be used as a blend-ing component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel tomeet the oxygenate content requirements or improve theantiknock quality, or both, of certain types

36、of fuels. MTBEpurchased under this specification will assist terminal ordownstream blenders in the use of MTBE as a blendingcomponent.X1.1.2 The composition of unleaded fuel is subject to therules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The use of ox

37、ygen-ates in blends with unleaded gasoline is described underSection 211(f) (1) of the Clean Air Act. The performancerequirements of this specification were established to helpensure that the addition (in appropriate amounts) of MTBE asdescribed in this specification would not be detrimental to thep

38、roperties of the fuel blend.X1.1.3 The user is advised to check with the nationalauthorities where MTBE is used. Some states in the U.S. limitthe sale of gasoline containing MTBE in their retail distributionand retail gasoline markets. Other countries, states, or jurisdic-tions may allow or require

39、other limits.X1.2 AppearanceX1.2.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether as covered by this speci-fication is a relatively pure material. Suspended materials,sediments, or contaminants in the MTBE which cause a cloudyor colored appearance may adversely affect the performance ofthe finished fuel blend in autom

40、otive spark-ignition engines.Also, a cloudy or colored appearance may indicate excessivewater or contamination by materials not directly measuredunder this specification.X1.2.1.1 Fuel components can encounter conditions in thebulk distribution system that could cause the material to fail aworkmanshi

41、p visual evaluation. Some fuel components cancontain water, dirt, or rust particles during distribution. Termi-nals or bulk plants can address these issues with properoperating procedures, for example, by allowing sufficient timefor the free water, dirt, or particles to settle in a tank, byfiltratio

42、n or by other means.X1.2.1.2 Turbidity, phase separation, or evidence of precipi-tation normally indicate contamination.X1.3 SulfurX1.3.1 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds contributeto engine wear, deterioration of engine oil, exhaust catalystdeactivation, and corrosion of exhaust system parts

43、in spark-ignition engine systems. The limit on sulfur is included toensure that the finished blend of fuel is not detrimental to thesesystems.X1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentX1.4.1 The test for solvent-washed gum content measuresthe amount of residue after evaporation of the fuel componentand followi

44、ng a heptane wash. The heptane wash removes theheptane-soluble, nonvolatile material such as additives, carrieroils used with additives, and diesel fuels. Solvent-washed gumconsists of fuel-insoluble gum and fuel-soluble gum. Thefuel-insoluble portion can clog fuel filters. Both can bedeposited on s

45、urfaces when the fuel evaporates. The solvent-washed gum content test may also indicate contamination ofthe methyl tertiary-butyl ether during shipping and storage.X1.4.2 MTBE does not typically contain any measurablesolvent-washed gum content. The limit is included to ensurethat finished blends of

46、gasoline do not contain excess solvent-washed gum and handling contamination is minimized.X1.4.3 Solvent-washed gum can contribute to deposits onthe surfaces of carburetors, fuel injectors, and intakemanifolds, ports, valves, and valve guides. The impact ofsolvent-washed gum on malfunctions of moder

47、n engines is notwell established, and the current limit has been assumed fromthe historic gasoline limit rather than from any recent correla-tive work. It depends on where the deposits form, the presenceof other deposit precursors such as airborne debris, blowby andexhaust gas, recirculation gases,

48、and oxidized engine oil, andthe amount of deposits.X1.4.4 Because the precision statements for Test MethodD381 were developed using only data on hydrocarbons, theymay not be applicable to MTBE.X1.5 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether PurityX1.5.1 The methyl tertiary-butyl ether minimum puritylevel limits th

49、e quantities of contaminants. Some organiccompounds other than MTBE can adversely affect the proper-ties of finished fuel blends.D5983 183X1.6 Methanol ContentX1.6.1 Methanol is one of the reactants in the production ofMTBE. The limit is set to prevent methanol corrosion and theincremental effect on vapor pressure.X1.7 Water ContentX1.7.1 Blends of MTBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency will vary with thechemical composition, temperature, and MTBE content of thefuel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the MTBE) maynot be solu