ASTM D6593-2018 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine.pdf

1、Designation: D6593 18Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593;

2、 the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

3、INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statis

4、tically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration p

5、rocess. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to ca

6、librate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test st

7、and participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test procedures based on genericequipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical

8、/sole-source equipment has beenapproved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the testprocedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to clearly identifyif the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is de

9、emed to be critical, ASTMencourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the criticalpart/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical committee.An alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the t

10、echnical committee(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the partthat is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determinefeasibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the

11、event that areplacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent, the sole-source supplier footnoteshall be removed from the test procedure.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to asthe Sequence VG test,2and it has been correlated with vehiclesused in stop-and

12、go service prior to 1996, particularly withregard to sludge and varnish formation.3It is one of the test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Eng

13、ine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6593 17. DOI:10.1520/D6593-18.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of

14、 information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all information Letters through No. 18-1.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Hea

15、dquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1472.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accord

16、ance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1methods required to evaluate oils

17、 intended to satisfy the APISL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubingsize,

18、 or specified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability

19、of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2,8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A5.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (Ge

20、neral Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.

21、7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures

22、9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 1

23、2.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow

24、 Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monito

25、ring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Safety Precautions Annex A5Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7S

26、pecial Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A8Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A9External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A10Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A11Dipstick Calibration Annex A12Critical Part Supplier List Annex A13Operational Data Log-Engine Oil An

27、nex A14Rating Worksheets Annex A15Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A16APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X31.5 This international standard was developed in accor

28、dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM

29、 Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Me

30、thod for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-ration

31、D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D1298 Test Method for De

32、nsity, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer Method4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta

33、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D6593 182D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engi

34、ne FuelD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low OlefinicGasoline by Mass SpectrometryD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD3525 Test Method for Gas

35、oline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and Lu

36、bricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5185 Test Meth

37、od for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Ni

38、trogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolin

39、es by GasChromatography/Mass SpectrometryD5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine(Withdrawn 2009)5D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7422 Test Method for Evaluation

40、 of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:6ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Other ASTM Docume

41、nts:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual20)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, themass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion chambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, air-fuel ratio(AFR), is control

42、led by the EEC IV engine control module.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a pis

43、ton ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, but inspection shows that it was freeduring engine operation.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot bemoved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by apolished face over its entire circumference, indicatin

44、g essen-tially no blowby passed over the ring face during engineoperation. D41753.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gasketmaterial, silicone seal

45、er, towel threads, and metal particles.D58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisition, a means of attenuat-ing signals in a given frequency range. They can be mechanical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capacitance, induc-tance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combinationthereof. Typic

46、ally, a low-pass filter attenuates the unwantedhigh frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustionengines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring areat room temperature, and inspection shows that it was stuckduring engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of

47、 the ring that is stuckcannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuckpiston ring is characterized by varnish or carbon across someportion of its face, indicating that portion of the ring was notcontacting the cylinder wall during engine operation. D41753.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition e

48、ngine, abnormalcombustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoi-gnition of the air/fuel mixture. D41755The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 100

49、36.7For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6593 1833.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acquisition,sampled value of a monitored test parameter that has deviatedbeyond the procedural limits.3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction of datapoints that represent the operating conditions observed in thetime period as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of