ASTM E119-2018b Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.pdf

1、Designation: E119 18aE119 18b An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFire Tests of Building Construction and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe perform

3、ance of walls, columns, floors, and other building members under fire-exposureconditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not amenace to neighboring structures or to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes ofmany authorities, mun

4、icipal and other. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a singlebuilding, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformityin requirements of various authorities throughout the country. To do this it is necessary that thefire-resistive propert

5、ies of materials and assemblies be measured and specified according to a commonstandard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, andconditions of exposure.Such a standard is found in the test methods that follow. They prescribe a standard exposing fire

6、 ofcontrolled extent and severity. Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposureelapsing before the first critical point in behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in whichfield exposures can be judged and expressed.The test methods may be cited as the “Standard

7、 Fire Tests,” and the performance or exposure shallbe expressed as “2-h,” “6-h,” “12-h,” etc.When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a proportionalincrease should be made in the specified time-classification period.1. Scope*1.1 The test methods described in

8、 this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to compositeassemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams,slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are

9、 also applicable to other assemblies and structuralunits that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the periodof exposure and shall not be construed as having

10、 determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or

11、fire risk assessment of the materials,products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. Theresults of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of

12、building construction and assemblies. Applicationof these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconve

13、rsions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance.Current edition approved June 1, 2018Sept. 1,

14、2018. Published July 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1917 as C19-1917 T. Last previous edition approved in2018 as E119 18.E119 18a. DOI: 10.1520/E0119-18A.10.1520/E0119-18B.These test methods, of which the present standard represents a revision, were prepared by Sectional Committee on Fire

15、Tests of Materials and Construction, under thejoint sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards, the ANSI Fire Protection Group, and ASTM, functioning under the procedure of the American National StandardsInstitute.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of

16、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub

17、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety

18、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes whic

19、h provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decisio

20、n on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C569 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Preformed Thermal Insulations (Withdraw

21、n 1988)3D6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load on Wood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance TestsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precis

22、ion of a Test MethodE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop SystemsE2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this test method, refer to Terminology E176.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to eva

23、luate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire,retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a

24、 specified timeperiod. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied inaccordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elementsunder these fire exposure conditions

25、. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changesin the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristicsof the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specime

26、n construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly,also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in thefield.4.3 The test standard provides for the following:4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test

27、 specimens:4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members

28、such as beams and columns:4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (thatis, restrained or not restrained).4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens const

29、ructed with components or lengths other than those tested.4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases,or other products of combustion.4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or p

30、roducts of combustion through the testspecimen.4.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints between building elements such as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connections.4.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of test specimens.4.4.6 The effect on fire-resistance of conventional opening

31、s in the test specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets, plumbingpipe, etc., unless specifically provided for in the construction tested. Also see Test Method E814 for testing of fire stops.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at

32、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.E119 18b25. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the

33、construction that the test is intended to assess, as to materials, workmanship,and details such as dimensions of parts, and shall be built under conditions representative of those applied in building constructionand operation. The physical properties of the materials and ingredients used in the test

34、 specimen shall be determined and recorded.5.2 The size and dimensions of the test specimen specified herein shall apply for classifying constructions of dimensions withinthe range employed in buildings. When the conditions of use limit the construction to smaller dimensions, the dimensions of thete

35、st specimen shall be reduced proportionately for a test qualifying them for such restricted use.5.3 Test specimens designed with a built-up roof shall be tested with a roof covering of 3-ply, 15-lb (6.8-kg) type felt, with notmore than 120 lb (54 kg) per square (100 ft2 (9 m2) of hot mopping asphalt

36、 without gravel surfacing. Tests with this covering donot preclude the field use of other coverings with a larger number of plys of felt, with a greater amount of asphalt or with gravelsurfacing.5.4 Roofing systems designed for other than the use of built-up roof coverings shall be tested using mate

37、rials and details ofconstruction representative of field application.6. Protection and Conditioning of Test Specimen6.1 Protect the test specimen during and after fabrication to ensure its quality and condition at the time of test. The test specimenshall not be tested until its required strength has

38、 been attained, and, until an air-dry condition has been achieved in accordance withthe requirements given in 6.2 6.4. Protect the testing equipment and test specimen undergoing the fire-resistance test from anycondition of wind or weather that is capable of affecting results. The ambient air temper

39、ature at the beginning of the test shall bewithin the range of 50 to 90F (10 to 32C). The velocity of air across the unexposed surface of the test specimen, measured justbefore the test begins, shall not exceed 4.4 ft (1.3 m/s), as determined by an anemometer placed at right angles to the unexposeds

40、urface. When mechanical ventilation is employed during the test, an air stream shall not be directed across the surface of the testspecimen.6.2 Prior to the fire-resistance test, condition test specimens with the objective of providing moisture condition within the testspecimen representative of tha

41、t in similar construction in buildings. For purposes of standardization, this condition is establishedat equilibrium resulting from conditioning in an ambient atmosphere of 50 % relative humidity at 73F (Note 1).6.2.1 With some constructions it is difficult or impossible to achieve such uniformity.

42、Where this is the case, test specimens aretested when the dampest portion of the test specimen, or the portion at 6-in. (152-mm) depth below the surface of massiveconstructions, has achieved a moisture content corresponding to conditioning to equilibrium with air in the range of 50 to 75 %relative h

43、umidity at 73 6 5F (23 6 3C).6.2.2 When evidence is shown that test specimens conditioned in a heated building will fail to meet the requirements of 6.2 aftera 12-month conditioning period, or in the event that the nature of the construction is such that it is evident that conditioning ofthe test sp

44、ecimen interior is prevented by hermetic sealing, the moisture condition requirements of 6.2 are permitted to be waived,and either 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shall apply.6.2.2.1 Alternative conditioning methods are permitted to be used to achieve test specimen equilibrium prescribed in 6.2 (Note2), or6.2.2.

45、2 The specimen tested when its strength is at least equal to its design strength after a minimum 28 day conditioning period.6.3 Avoid conditioning procedures that will alter the structural or fire-resistance characteristics of the test specimen from thoseproduced as the result of conditiong in accor

46、dance with procedures given in 6.2.6.4 Information on the actual moisture content and distribution within the test specimen shall be obtained within 72 h prior tothe fire. Include this information in the test report (Note 3).NOTE 1A recommended method for determining the relative humidity within a h

47、ardened concrete test specimen with electric sensing elements isdescribed in Appendix I of the paper by Menzel, C. A., “A Method for Determining the Moisture Condition of Hardened Concrete in Terms of RelativeHumidity,” Proceedings,ASTM,Vol 55, 1955, p. 1085.Asimilar procedure with electric sensing

48、elements is permitted to be used to determine the relativehumidity within test specimens made with other materials.With wood constructions, the moisture meter based on the electrical resistance method can be used, when appropriate, as an alternative to the relativehumidity method to indicate when wo

49、od has attained the proper moisture content. Electrical methods are described on page 12-2 of the 1999 edition ofthe Wood Handbook of the Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department ofAgriculture.The relationships between relative humidity and moisture contentare given in Table 3-4 on p. 3-7. This indicates that wood has a moisture content of 13 % at a relative humidity of 70 % for a temperature of 70 to 80F(21 to 27C).NOTE 2An example where alternative conditioning may be employed is where concrete specimens are conditioned at elevated temperatures in a“heated buil