ASTM E3158-2018 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Air Leakage Rate of a Large or Multizone Building.pdf

1、Designation: E3158 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Air Leakage Rate of a Large or MultizoneBuilding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard test method provides a quantitative field-test procedure and calculation method for assessing an airleakage

3、rate using a fan-induced pressure differential(s) acrossthe building envelope, generated by blower doors or equivalentequipment.1.2 Building setup conditions in accordance with definingthe test boundaries appropriate for testing the envelopes airleakage are defined in this test method.1.3 Procedure

4、to determine the air pressure boundaries ofthe test envelope to be tested are provided in this test method.1.4 This test method applies to all multizone and largebuilding types and portions or subsections thereof.1.5 This test method defines three test procedures: multi-point regression, repeated si

5、ngle point, and repeated two-pointair leakage rate testing.1.6 This test method allows for testing the test envelope ina pressurized condition, a depressurized condition, or in bothconditions and averaging the results.1.7 This test method applies to an air leakage rate specifi-cation with a referenc

6、e pressure greater than 10 Pa (0.04 in.WC) and not greater than 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).1.8 This test method describes two methods of preparationfor the building in order to conduct the test: the buildingenvelope where HVAC-related openings are excluded, and onthe operational envelope where the HVAC-re

7、lated openings areincluded.1.9 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associate

8、d with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recogn

9、ized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E456 Terminology Relat

10、ing to Quality and StatisticsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE779 Test Method for DeterminingAir Leakage Rate by FanPressurizationE1186 Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in BuildingEnvelopes and Air Barrier SystemsE1258 Test Method for Airflow Calibration of Fan Pressur-ization Devi

11、cesE1827 Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Build-ings Using an Orifice Blower DoorE2178 Test Method forAir Permeance of Building MaterialsE2357 Test Method for DeterminingAir Leakage Rate ofAirBarrier Assemblies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related t

12、o buildingconstruction used in this test method, refer to TerminologyE631 and for general terms related to accuracy, bias, precision,and uncertainty, refer to Terminology E456.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 baseline pressure, ninternal test envelope pressurewith the air mov

13、ement equipment off and sealed, recordedwhile the building is configured for the test.3.2.2 building envelope, ndefined boundary of the testsample to determine its air leakage rate excluding the HVAC-related devices (HVAC devices sealed).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

14、E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/E315818.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu

15、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was dev

16、eloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.3 envelope pr

17、essure, ndifferential in air pressureacross the envelope (that is, between a building or zone and theoutdoors).3.2.4 equivalent leakage area (EqLA), nThe cross-sectional area of a sharp-edged hole that would have the sameleakage flow rate as the building if both were subjected to a 10Pa indoor/outdo

18、or pressure difference.3.2.5 HVAC, nheating ventilating and air conditioning.3.2.6 induced envelope pressure, nan internal envelopepressure caused by the operation of air moving equipment.3.2.7 multizone building, nbuilding or enclosure that con-sists of more than one occupancy class or rating, sepa

19、rated bya boundary layer designed to control the movement of airbetween the different zones.3.2.8 normalized leakage area, nairflow rate measuredthat is normalized to the test envelope surface area (the testenvelope boundary as defined in 9.1.1).3.2.9 operational envelope, ndefined boundary of thesa

20、mple to determine its air leakage rate that consists of thebuilding envelope, and any HVAC-related penetrations.3.2.9.1 DiscussionHVAC devices are shut off but leftunsealed.3.2.10 single zone, nbuilding, enclosure, or test envelopeboundary, without any interior boundary layers that control themoveme

21、nt of air between different areas within that zone, ormultiple zones configured to achieve a single zone condition.3.2.11 single zone condition, ncondition when the internalpressure within a defined space or test envelope boundarydiffers by no more than 10 % when measured anywhere withinthat zone.3.

22、2.12 specified air leakage rate, nmaximum allowableairflow rate from a specified induce pressure differential into abuilding envelope or test zone boundary, expressed in L/(sm2)at 75 Pa.3.2.13 specified reference pressure, nthe induced testenvelope pressure at which the results are required to berep

23、orted by the project specification.3.2.14 test envelope, nboundary of a building or a portionof a building that is configured to a single zone condition to betested, as defined by the consultant.3.2.15 test pressure, ninduced pressure (not baseline ad-justed) into the test envelope, measured while t

24、est fans are inoperation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides quantitative test and analysismethods to determine whether a building envelope has met aspecified air leakage rate (defined by others). During the test,the total airflow through the test fans and correspondinginduced env

25、elope pressures are measured. The relationshipbetween the airflows and induced pressures are used tomeasure the air leakage rate of the envelope. Specifications forair leakage rates of an envelope are written in terms of themaximum allowable airflow rate from a specified inducepressure differential.

26、4.2 This test method describes the methods consisting ofmultipoint regression, repeated single point and repeated two-point pressure testing, mechanically inducing a pressure dif-ferential between the test envelope and any surrounding zones,the exterior, or another environment. Different preparation

27、 ofthe buildings mechanical systems allows for both the buildingenvelope and the operational envelope to be tested. Testparameters allow the test to be conducted on large or multizonebuildings within defined weather conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method does not establish requiremen

28、ts forairtightness but provides means of assessing compliance withspecified air-leakage rates established elsewhere.5.2 This test method is used to determine the airtightness ofbuilding envelopes or portions thereof by measuring the airleakage rate at specified reference pressure differentials.5.3 T

29、his test method provides:5.3.1 Specific directions for determining acceptable weatherconditions for conducting the test.5.3.2 Two different test boundary preparation conditions;building envelope (9.1.1.1), and operational envelope (9.1.1.2).5.3.3 Testing conducted in a range of pressures from 10 Pa(

30、0.04 in. WC) to 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).5.4 Ameasurement of the air-leakage rate of the constructedbuilding envelope. Test methods that measure the air per-meance of materials (Test Method E2178) and air leakage ofassemblies (Test Method E2357) alone do not address thevarious complexities of the constr

31、ucted building envelope,including but not limited to design, sequence, constructability,workmanship, and the transitions between assemblies.5.5 This test method applies to all multizone and largebuilding types and portions or subsections of buildings. It canbe used to test envelopes that consist of

32、a single zone orsubsections of a zone that can be tested as a single zone. Testenvelopes that are entirely composed of subsections separatedby interior partitions or floors, or both, may be tested as asingle zone by maintaining baseline relationships betweenthese subsections throughout testing. (See

33、 Appendix X1. Seealso Test Methods E779 and E1827.) Isolated subsections, eachwith its own specified air-leakage rate, shall be treated asseparate test envelopes and tested separately. While testingisolated subsections, monitoring must be conducted for anyextraneous/flanking air movement between the

34、 different zones.5.6 The building preparations prior to testing (fenestrationpositions and preparation of intentional openings such asHVAC penetrations and equipment) are critically importantand can have a strong influence on the final test results. Thistest method includes guidance for testing of t

35、he buildingenvelope both including and excluding HVAC-related open-ings.5.7 Compliance with a specified air leakage rate does notimply that all potentially problematic leaks have been sealed.5.8 While this test determines the air leakage rate of anenvelope, it does not identify the location of leaka

36、ge sites.E3158 182NOTE 1See, for example, Practices E1186 for locating leaks. Thelocation of leaks, in addition to their cumulative leakage area, is also animportant determinant of leakage under normal operating conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 The following is a general description of the requiredapparat

37、us. Any arrangement of equipment using the sameprinciples and capable of performing the test procedure withinthe allowable tolerances shall be permitted.6.2 Major Components:6.2.1 Air-Moving EquipmentFans, blowers, blower doorassemblies, or HVAC air movement components that arecapable of moving air

38、into and out of the conditioned space atthe required airflow rates under a prescribed range of inducedtest pressure differentials. The system shall provide control ofairflow sufficient to perform the selected test sequence (SeeSection 9).NOTE 2If using the HVAC system as the air movement equipment f

39、orthe test, then the test is limited to only the Building Envelope (HVAC-related openings excluded) configuration, and not the Operational Enve-lope configuration, see 9.1.1.6.2.2 Pressure Gauges, shall be digital with a resolution of0.1 Pa (0.0004 in. WC) and accurate to within 61 % of readingor 60

40、.25 Pa (0.001 in. WC), whichever is greater, and shallhave a means of adjusting time averaging intervals. Pressuregauges shall measure a minimum of two samples per second.Pressure gauges shall measure pressure and flow simultane-ously. Gauges shall be checked, and their accuracy verified atintervals

41、 in accordance with the manufacturers recommenda-tions. Follow manufacturers recommendations for field checkprocedures.6.2.3 For each test fan configuration, airflow-measuringdevices shall be accurate to within 65 % of reading. Test fansshall be checked, and their accuracy verified at intervals inac

42、cordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Followthe manufacturers recommendations for field inspection pro-cedures.6.2.4 Temperature-Measuring DeviceInstrument to mea-sure temperature with an accuracy of 62 C (4 F).7. Hazards7.1 Personal Protective EquipmentOn active constructionsites, the te

43、sting team personnel shall wear eye protection, hardhats, and safety shoes, and other safety equipment as requiredby local regulations.7.2 Fall ProtectionTesting team personnel shall be trainedin fall protection and proper equipment such as ladders, aeriallifts, scissor lifts, stages, scaffolds whil

44、e working at elevatedareas.7.3 NoiseHearing protection shall be available to testingteam personnel exposed to fan noise.7.4 Equipment GuardsAir moving equipment shall haveproper guards or cages to house the fan or blower and toprevent access to any moving parts of the equipment.7.5 Safety, Security,

45、 and FireConsideration shall be givenfor adequate security and fire protection measures duringtesting. This would include, but not be limited to, security forthe building, the equipment, placement of signage, and barri-cades for hazard protection, and considerations for fire spreadchanges with the o

46、pening of fire doors, dampers, vents, andalteration of fire zones during the duration of the testing.7.5.1 Note that alterations to fire spread should be autho-rized by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) as a stake-holder participant in the process. A fire watch, change inresponse time, or othe

47、r measures may be necessary as ap-proved by the AHJ.7.6 Debris, Fumes, and TemperatureThe blower or fanequipment used to pressurize or depressurize the test envelopepresents hazards to the interior not limited to dust, debris,indoor air quality, occupancy, occupant comfort, plants,furnishings, finis

48、hes, and artwork. These hazards can beminimized by the location of the test fans.7.7 Combustion AppliancesAdjust all combustion appli-ances so they do not turn on during the test. This is commonlydone by temporarily turning off power to the appliance, orsetting the appliance to the “Pilot” setting.

49、Open solid fuelburning fireplaces shall be clear of ashes.7.8 ElevatorsEnsure, if elevator doors are open, that thereare handrail barriers across the openings on each floor and theelevators are locked out and not operational.7.9 Existing Condition HazardsTest should not be con-ducted when the building is known or suspected to havepotentially hazardous materials, such as but not limited to,asbestos, lead, or mold, untilAuthority Having Jurisdiction hasapproved the use of a pressurization/depressurization test.7.10 EgressWhen the building is subj