ASTM F1290-2019 Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings.pdf

1、Designation: F1290 98a (Reapproved 2011)F1290 19 An American National StandardStandard Practice forElectrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,

2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice describes general procedures for making joints with polyole

3、fin pipe and fittings by means of electrofusionjoining techniques. This practice is applicable to electrofusion fittings that utilize resistance wire as the heating element. Theseshould be regarded as general procedures and not as a substitute for the installation procedures specified by the manufac

4、turers.Manufacturers should be requested to supply specific recommendations for joining their products. This practice does not purportto address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other partiesthat have been proven to produce re

5、liable electrofusion joints.NOTE 1Reference to the manufacturer in this practice is defined as the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.1.2 The techniques covered are applicable only to joining polyolefin pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry, for example,polyethylenes to polyethylenes using

6、a polyethylene electrofusion fitting. Consult the manufacturers recommendations forcompatibility of the electrofusion fitting with the specific pipe or fitting material to be joined.1.3 The electrofusion joining technique described can produce sound joints between polyolefin pipe and fittings, provi

7、ded thatall products involved (that is, pipe and fittings) meet the appropriate ASTM specifications.1.4 This practice is not limited by pipe or fitting size, however additional steps or procedures may be necessary whenelectrofusion joining to pipe of larger diameters. Consult the fitting manufacture

8、r for additional specific instructions for joiningtheir product.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental prac

9、tices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Re

10、commendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1055 Specification for ElectrofusionType Polyethy

11、lene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and CrosslinkedPolyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms

12、 Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control boxthe apparatus placed between the power source and the electrofusion fitting to regulate energy input to thefitting.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F1

13、7.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2019. Published March 2011January 2019. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 asF1290 98a(2004).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/F1290-98AR11.10.1520/F1290-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www

14、.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wha

15、t changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the

16、 official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 peelera pipe surface preparation tool that uses a sharpened floating cutting blade to remove a c

17、ontrolled amount of outerpipe or fitting spigot material during the pipe preparation process for electrofusion joining.3.2.3 scrapera pipe surface preparation tool that uses a smooth or serrated blade that is dragged over the pipe surface toremove outer pipe or fitting spigot material during the pip

18、e preparation process for electrofusion joining.4. Significance and Use4.1 Using the procedures in Sections 8 and 9, the manufacturers instructions and equipment, pressure-tight joints can be madebetween manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe that are as strong as the pipe itself.5. Operator

19、Experience5.1 Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator are required to obtain a good quality joint. Each operator shall be qualifiedin accordance with recommended procedures and any regulatory agency or industry organization that has jurisdiction over thesepractices.5.2 These procedures requi

20、re the use of electrical and mechanical equipment. The person responsible for the joining ofpolyolefin pipe and fittings should ensure that recommended procedures developed for the electrofusion fittings involved, includingthe safety precaution to be followed, are issued before joining operations co

21、mmence. It is especially important that the operatorbe aware of specific instructions regarding the use of electrical equipment in the presence of a potentially explosive environment.6. Electrofusion Joining Processes6.1 Electrofusion is a heat-fusion joining process where a heat source is an integr

22、al part of the fitting. When electric current isapplied, heat is produced, melting and joining the components. Fusion occurs when the joint cools below the melt temperature ofthe material. The specified fusion cycle used requires consideration of the properties of the materials being joined, the des

23、ign ofthe fitting being used, and the environmental conditions. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethyleneelectrofusion fittings.6.2 Adequate joint strength for field testing is attained when the fitting is not disturbed or moved until the joint material cools(Note 2). Bond

24、 strength can be affected if the joint is not allowed to cool sufficently.NOTE 2Polybutylene undergoes a crystalline transformation for several days after cooling below its melt temperature.Although this phenomenon hasan effect on the ultimate physical properties of the material, its effect on testi

25、ng of joints has not been found to be significant. If there is any questionconcerning the effects of crystallization, tests should be conducted on joints that have been conditioned for different periods of time in order to establishthe conditioning-time relationship.7. Classification7.1 Technique 1:

26、 CouplingSocket TypeThe electrofusion couplingsocket technique involves heat fusion of pipes with a tubularfitting with pipe sections fitting having tubular socket ends. Pipe sections (Note 3) are inserted in each end of the fitting. Thecouplingsocket contains an internal heat source. The heat sourc

27、e can be: (is 1) a resistance wire coil located on the inner surfaceof the fitting, or (fitting. 2) the fitting itself can be made of an electrically conductive material. When electric current is applied,heat is produced in the fitting melting the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe. T

28、he melted material from the twocomponents flow together and fuse as the joint cools. A clamping device should be used to secure the joint and hold it in axialalignment during the joining process. The device may be either an external clamp or one which is integral to the coupling.NOTE 3In 7 “pipe” re

29、fers to the end of a length of pipe or to a spigot end of a fitting such as a tee, elbow, valve, etc., having pipe dimensions thatis the inlet or outlet of the component being joined.7.2 Technique 2: Saddle TypeThe electrofusion saddle technique involves heat fusion of a saddle fitting to the outer

30、surfaceof a pipe. The heat source is located on the fusion surface of the concave base of the saddle fitting and can be either: (1) a resistancewire coil, or (2) a conductive polymer. When electric current is applied, heat is produced at the interface of the pipe and fitting,melting the surface of t

31、he two components. The fusion bond occurs when the melted materials of the two components flow togetherand cool below the melting temperature of the material. During the fusion process, a clamping device should be used to hold thefitting in place on the pipe. This device may be either an external cl

32、amp or one that is integral to the saddle fitting itself.8. Apparatus8.1 General Recommendations:8.1.1 Power SourceAn adequate source of electricity is required. Consult the manufacturers recommendations for the typeof power (ac or dc), input voltage, frequency (Hertz) and power output (KW) required

33、 for proper fusion of fittings. A transformermay be required if the source voltage differs from the voltage recommended by the manufacturer.8.1.2 Extension CordIf the power source is remote from the installation site, an extension cord may be required. Select anextension cord of sufficient conductor

34、 size to deliver the required voltage to the control box.8.1.3 Control BoxA control box is required to deliver the appropriate amount of energy to the electrofusion fitting.Semi-automatic and fully automatic control boxes may incorporate either timers or sensing circuits which monitor temperatures,F

35、1290 192current, or pressures in the fittings during the fusion process. Control boxes may (1) incorporate a barcode scanning device thatreads the input parameters on the electrofusion fitting, or (2) incorporate other means of sensing a value provided by theelectrofusion fitting that determine the

36、fusion parameters, or (3) allow manual input of fusion parameters. Not all control boxesare compatible with all electrofusion fittings. Consult the manufacturer to determine the compatibility of control boxes not madeby the same manufacturer as the fitting.8.1.4 Alignment DevicesVarious types of ali

37、gnment devices are available and may be required for a particular fitting. Thealignment device should prevent movement of the components being joined during the fusion and cooling cycles.8.1.5 Surface Preparation EquipmentThe purpose of surface preparation is to remove surface contamination and oxid

38、ationfrom pipe or fitting spigot (Note 34). ) being joined.NOTE 4Surface preparation is very important to assure total fusion. To remove surface oxidation and contaminants that can prevent the fusion processfrom taking place the outer pipe surface must be removed. Not all surface preparation tools p

39、erform equally. Tools such as peelers that are designed toremove a controlled and measureable amount of surface material are recommended. Witness marks made on the surface to be prepared can visually aidthe installer in verifying that the outermost surface is removed.8.1.5.1 ToolsA surface cleaning

40、tool is required for certain fitting designs to remove the outer layer or skin of material on thepipe or fitting spigot surface prior to fusion. Tools used for that purpose are commonly called scrapers. scrapers or peelers. Onlyqualified procedures and approved tools should be used. Emery cloth or s

41、andpaper is not recommended.8.1.6 MiscellaneousThe following equipment may be useful to assist in the electrofusion joining procedure:8.1.6.1 Tubing CutterUsed to obtain square end cuts on pipe.8.1.6.2 Marking PenUsed to A permanent marker of contrasting color to the pipe is used to mark the fitting

42、 location on thepipe surface for certain fitting designs. surface. The marker shall be a of a type that is fast drying and contains no additives, suchas greases or other petroleums, that may hinder the fusion process. It may be useful to mark the pipe to define the boundaries beforescraping or abrad

43、ing the pipe surface.8.1.6.3 Wiping ClothA clean, dry, non-synthetic, lint-freelow-lint cloth or paper towel should be used for removing surfacepreparation residue from the joining surfaces. Considerations of the hazards of static electricity should be applied in selection ofa wiping cloth material.

44、8.1.6.4 Rerounding DevicesRerounding equipment is that equipment used to bring the pipe into the out of round limitationrequirements of the applicable pipe standard or the limitations established by the electrofusion fitting manufacturer, whichever ismore severe.9. Joining Procedure9.1 PrecautionFus

45、ion quality can be affected if extreme weather conditions exist. Therefore, the ambient temperature limitsof the electrofusion fitting and control box should be considered when making field joints. Observe normal precautions in the useof electrical equipment, especially in wet environments.9.2 Techn

46、ique 1: CouplingSocket Procedure:NOTE 5When fittings are to be used to repair pipe under conditions where line pressure buildup is anticipated, pressure should be blocked off orvented to prevent excessive pressure buildup during the joining and cooling cycle.9.2.1 Cut the pipe ends squarely and remo

47、ve burrs or shavings. Clean and dry the pipe by wiping with a clean paper towel orcloth.low-lint cloth. Water can be used to clean dirt and mud from the pipe in this step.9.2.2 Remove the Using the recommended surface preparation equipment (8.1.5 and Note 4) remove the outer surface of thepipe using

48、 recommended procedure and tools. tools (Note 6).Avoid gouging or removing excessive material from the pipe surface.Care should be taken to maintain the specified minimum wall for the pipe. Carefully inspect the entire prepared pipe surface toensure that all outer surface material has been removed.

49、Do not touch the prepared pipe surfaces after scraping or peeling (Note7).NOTE 6For certain non-pressure applications, removal of the pipe outer surface material may not be required. Consult the manufacturer forrecommendations.9.2.3 If pipe inserts are supplied with the electrofusion fitting, install these inserts into the pipe ends.NOTE 7Care should be taken to ensure that fitting and pipe joint surfaces are properly handled and maintained free of contamination, such as dirt,debris, or other sources of contamination such as oil from the operators hand