ASME Y14 5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing《尺寸和公差选定》.pdf

1、A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D ASME Y14.5-2009 Revision of ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R2004) Dimensioning and Tolerancing Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesASME Y14.5 ADOPTION NOTICE ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, was adopted on 9 February 2009 for use by the De

2、partment of Defense(DoD).ProposedchangesbyDoDactivitiesmustbesubmittedtotheDoDAdoptingActivity:Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), ATTN: AMSRD-AAR-QES-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this document may be purchased from The American Society of Mec

3、hanical Engineers (ASME), 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, http:/www.asme.org. Custodians: Adopting Activity: Army AR Army AR Navy SA (ProjectDRPR-2009-003) Air Force 16 Review Activities: Army CR, IE, MI, PT, TM2 Navy AS, CG, CH, EC, MC, NP, TD Air Force 13, 99 DLADH OSDSE NSA

4、NS Other CM, MP, DC2 NOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date ofthisdocument.Sinceorganizationsandresponsibilitiescanchange,youshould verify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online database at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil. AMSC N/A AREA DRP

5、R DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Revision of ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R2004)Date of Issuance: March 27, 2009 This Standard will be

6、 revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition. Periodically certain actions of the ASME Y14 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web sit

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9、stry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in th

10、is document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability . Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk

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12、ations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission

13、 of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 2009 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.iii CONTENTS Foreword vi Committee Roster viii Correspondence With the Y14 Committee ix Secti

14、on 1 Scope, Definitions, and General Dimensioning 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 References . 1 1.3 Definitions 2 1.4 Fundamental Rules 7 1.5 Units of Measure 8 1.6 Types of Dimensioning . 9 1.7 Application of Dimensions 10 1.8 Dimensioning Features . 13 1.9 Location of Features 20 Section 2 General Tolerancing

15、and Related Principles 24 2.1 General 24 2.2 Direct Tolerancing Methods . 24 2.3 Tolerance Expression . 25 2.4 Interpretation of Limits . 26 2.5 Single Limits . 26 2.6 Tolerance Accumulation . 26 2.7 Limits of Size 27 2.8 Applicability of Modifiers on Geometric Tolerance Values and Datum Feature Ref

16、erences . 29 2.9 Screw Threads 31 2.10 Gears and Splines 31 2.11 Boundary Conditions 31 2.12 Angular Surfaces . 31 2.13 Conical Tapers 35 2.14 Flat Tapers . 35 2.15 Radius 36 2.16 Tangent Plane . 36 2.17 Statistical Tolerancing . 36 Section 3 Symbology 38 3.1 General 38 3.2 Use of Notes to Supplemen

17、t Symbols 38 3.3 Symbol Construction . 38 3.4 Feature Control Frame Symbols 44 3.5 Feature Control Frame Placement . 46 3.6 Definition of the Tolerance Zone . 46 3.7 Tabulated Tolerances . 46 Section 4 Datum Reference Frames 48 4.1 General 48 4.2 Degrees of Freedom . 48 4.3 Degrees of Freedom Constr

18、ained by Primary Datum Features Regardless of Material Boundary 48 4.4 Constraining Degrees of Freedom of a Part . 48 4.5 Datum Feature Simulator . 53 4.6 Theoretical and Physical Application of Datum Feature Simulators . 53 4.7 Datum Reference Frame . 53iv 4.8 Datum Features 57 4.9 Datum Feature Co

19、ntrols . 58 4.10 Specifying Datum Features in an Order of Precedence . 58 4.11 Establishing Datums . 59 4.12 Multiple Datum Features . 65 4.13 Mathematically Defined Surface . 69 4.14 Multiple Datum Reference Frames . 69 4.15 Functional Datum Features 69 4.16 Rotational Constraint About a Datum Axis

20、 or Point 70 4.17 Application of MMB, LMB, and RMB to Irregular Features of Size 74 4.18 Datum Feature Selection Practical Application . 75 4.19 Simultaneous Requirements 76 4.20 Restrained Condition 79 4.21 Datum Reference Frame Identification 79 4.22 Customized Datum Reference Frame Construction .

21、 81 4.23 Application of a Customized Datum Reference Frame . 81 4.24 Datum Targets 83 Section 5 Tolerances of Form 91 5.1 General 91 5.2 Form Control 91 5.3 Specifying Form Tolerances . 91 5.4 Form Tolerances . 91 5.5 Application of Free-State Symbol 95 Section 6 Tolerances of Orientation . 99 6.1 G

22、eneral 99 6.2 Orientation Control . 99 6.3 Orientation Symbols 99 6.4 Specifying Orientation Tolerances 99 6.5 Tangent Plane . 103 6.6 Alternative Practice . 103 Section 7 Tolerances of Location 108 7.1 General 108 7.2 Positional Tolerancing . 108 7.3 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals: I . 108 7.4

23、 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals: II 119 7.5 Pattern Location . 127 7.6 Coaxial Feature Controls 148 7.7 Tolerancing for Symmetrical Relationships . 156 Section 8 Tolerances of Profile . 158 8.1 General 158 8.2 Profile 158 8.3 Tolerance Zone Boundaries 158 8.4 Profile Applications . 165 8.5 Mate

24、rial Condition and Boundary Condition Modifiers as Related to Profile Controls . 167 8.6 Composite Profile 167 8.7 Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing 175 8.8 Combined Controls . 175 Section 9 Tolerances of Runout 180 9.1 General 180 9.2 Runout . 180 9.3 Runout Tolerance . 180 9.4 Types of R

25、unout Tolerances . 180 9.5 Application . 182 9.6 Specification . 182v Nonmandatory Appendices A Principal Changes and Improvements . 185 B Formulas for Positional Tolerancing . 191 C Form, Proportion, and Comparison of Symbols 194 D Former Practices 199 E Decision Diagrams for Geometric Control 200

26、Index . 207vi FOREWORD This issue is a revision of ASME Y14.5M-1994, Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The main object for this revision has been to rearrange the material to better direct the thought process of the user when applying Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The subject matter of Section

27、s 1 through 4 remains the same as in the previous revision. Sections 5 and 6 were formerly titled “Tolerances of Location” and “Tolerances of Form, Profile, Orientation, and Runout.” The new order following Section 4, Datums, is Section 5, Tolerances of Form; Section 6, Tolerances of Orientation; Se

28、ction 7, Tolerances of Location; Section 8, Tolerances of Profile; and Section 9, Tolerances of Runout. When applying GD Attn: Secretary, Y14 Standards Committee; Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. This revision was approved as an American National Standard on February 6, 2009. NOTE: The users a

29、ttention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an inven- tion covered by patent rights. By publication of this Standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any such claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent ho

30、lder has led a statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, then details may be obtained from the standards developer. Acknowledgments P . J. McCuistion, Ohio University, creat

31、ed the illustrations for this Standard.viii ASME Y14 COMMITTEE Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS F. Bakos, Chair W. A. Kaba, Vice Chair C. J. Gomez, Secretary S

32、TANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control Systems, Inc./ W. A. Kaba, Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.Dimensional Dynamics, LLC K. S. King, BAE Systems F. Bakos, Consultant A. Krulikowski, Effective Training Inc. J. V. Burleigh, Consultant P. J. McCuistion, Ohio University D. E. Day, T

33、EC-EASE, Inc. J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows and Associates, Inc. K. Dobert, Siemens PLM Software, Inc./Geometric Design Services J. M. Smith, Caterpillar, Inc. C. W. Ferguson, WM Education Services N. H. Smith, Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers K. E

34、 Wiegandt, Sandia National Laboratories B. A. Harding, Purdue University R. G. Wilhelm, University of North Carolina D. H. Honsinger, Consultant B. A. Wilson, The Boeing Company SUBCOMMITTEE 5 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING A. R. Anderson, Chair, Dimensional Control Systems, Inc./ K. S. King, BAE Sys

35、temsDimensional Dynamics, LLC. A. Krulikowski, Effective Training, Inc. F. Bakos, Consultant P. J. McCuistion, Ohio University N. W. Cutler, Dimensional Management, Inc. M. E. Meloro, Secretary, Northrop Grumman Corp. D. E. Day, TEC-EASE, Inc. T. C. Miller, Los Alamos National Laboratory K. Dobert,

36、Siemens PLM Software, Inc./Geometric Design Services A. G. Neumann, Technical Consultants, Inc. P. J. Drake, Jr., MechSigma Consulting, Inc E. Niemiec, Consultant C. W. Ferguson, WM Education Service G. M. Patterson, GE Aircraft Engines C. J. Gomez, Staff Secretary, The American Society of D. W. She

37、pherd, Shepherd IndustriesMechanical Engineers J. M. Smith, Caterpillar, Inc. C. Houk, Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation B. A. Wilson, The Boeing Company D. P. Karl, Vice Chair, Karl Engineering Services Inc. M. P. Wright, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. J. D. Keith, Spirit Aero Systems, Inc. SUBCOMMI

38、TTEE 5 SUPPORT GROUP O. J. Deschepper, General Motors J. I. Miles, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics B. R. Fischer, Advanced Dimensional Management, LLC M. A. Murphy, General Motors Corporation B. A. Harding, Purdue University R. A. Wheeler, Goodrich Aerostructures D. H. Honsinger, Consultant R. D. Wiles, Datum Inspection Services P. Mares, The Boeing Company J. E. Winconek, Consultant J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows and Associates, Inc.