IEEE 2400-2016 en Wind Turbine Aero Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques.pdf

1、IEEE Standard for Wind Turbine Aero Acoustic Noise Measurement TechniquesIEEE Std 2400-2016IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement SocietySponsored by the Measurements in Power Systems CommitteeIEEE3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5997USAIEEE Std 2400-2016IEEE Standard for Wind Turbine Aero Acoustic Noi

2、se Measurement TechniquesSponsor Measurements in Power Systems Committee of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement SocietyApproved 15 May 2016IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Techniques to select wind turbine and wind farm aero acoustic noise measurements, including instrumentation standards and m

3、etrology technology, measurement set, measurement procedures, data processing, and noise source data analysis are described in this standard. Near-field sound measurement similar to IEC 61400-11 distance and far-field sound measurement both outside and inside concerned houses or buildings are within

4、 the scope of this standard. This stan-dard focuses on amplitude modulation noise, however, guidelines for low-frequency noise including infrasound near-field measurement are provided. IEC 61400-11 provides overall wind turbine noise measurement standards, while this standard focuses more on the aer

5、o acoustic noise of wind tur-bines to avoid overlap with IEC 61400-11.Keywords: aero acoustic noise, amplitude modulation noise, far-field, IEEE 2400, low-frequency noise including infrasound, near-field, wind farm, wind turbineThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue

6、, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1 July 2016. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a particular purpose; non-infringement; and qu

7、ality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.”Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an

8、 IEEE standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about

9、 through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard.In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty o

10、wed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropri-ate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appro

11、priateness of a given IEEE standard.IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCURE-MENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSE

12、D AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CON-TRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEA

13、BLE.TranslationsThe IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard.Official statementsA statement, written or oral, that

14、is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or e

15、ducational courses, individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE.Comments on standardsComments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from

16、 any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertain-ing to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supportin

17、g comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concur-rence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordi-nating Committees are not a

18、ble to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the re

19、levant IEEE working group.Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854 USALaws and regulationsUsers of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions

20、 of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory require-ments. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is n

21、ot in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.CopyrightsIEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private use

22、s. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the pro-motion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any ri

23、ghts in copyright to the documents.PhotocopiesSubject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment o

24、f licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Ser-vice, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Updating o

25、f IEEE Standards documentsUsers of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corri-genda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in tim

26、e consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect.Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every 10 years. When a document is more than 10 years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude th

27、at its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard.In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended th

28、rough the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/www.ieee.org/publica-tions_standards/index.html or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE-SA or IEEEs standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at ht

29、tp:/standards.ieee.org.ErrataErrata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that impl

30、ementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a stateme

31、nt of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensat

32、ion or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrim-ination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses.Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not re-sponsible for identi

33、fying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreem

34、ents are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid-ity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association

35、.6Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this draft standard was completed, the Group: Standard Test Procedure of Wind Turbine Aero Acoustics Noise (IM/MPS/wtaan) Working Group had the following membership:Cheng Wei Dai, ChairYang Xue, Vice ChairYing Huang, SecretarySidney

36、Xue, Chief EditorXiaoFeng CaiWei GaoBinBin HoJian KangRui LiWei LiuGunnar LundmarkXiao Jin MaHongFeng TangBruce WalkerXiaoDong WangXiang YeThe following members of the entity balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.Beijing Jiaoton

37、g UniversityBII Group Holdings Ltd.China Datang CorporationChina Energy Engineering Group Co. Ltd.China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.Guangzhou Smart Home Technology Standards Promotion CenterHuawei Technologies Co., LtdInstitute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNorth China Electr

38、ic Power UniversityRockwell AutomationSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityState Grid Corporation of China (SGCC)Tianjin UniversityTsinghua UniversityZTE CorporationWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 15 May 2016, it had the following membership:Jean-Philippe Faure, ChairTed Burse, Vi

39、ce ChairJohn D. Kulick, Past ChairKonstantinos Karachalios, SecretaryChuck AdamsMasayuki AriyoshiStephen DukesJianbin FanRonald W. HotchkissJ. Travis GriffithGary HoffmanMichael JanezicJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hung LingKevin LuGary RobinsonAnnette D. ReillyMehmet UlemaYingli WenHoward WolfmanDon WrightY

40、u YuanDaidi Zhong*Member Emeritus7Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std 2400-2016, IEEE Standard for Wind Turbine Aero Acoustic Noise Measure-ment Techniques.The wind turbine in a wind farm can produce amplitude modulation noise (AMN) caused b

41、y rotating airfoil self-noise, particularly trailing edge scattering noise and Doppler effects due to blade motion relative to the observer; it is also recognized as “swish” sound. The envelope of the acoustic wave appears to be blade-pass-ing frequency; therefore, it gives the impression that it is

42、 low frequency with blade-passing frequency noise. Meanwhile, the sound pressure pulsation due to blade aerodynamic loading fluctuation and blade tower inter-action characterized as low-frequency noise (LFN), including infrasound, were observed from indoor mea-surement near a wind turbine in operati

43、on. The AMN and LFN are both identified as wind turbine aero acoustic noise that has been reported as the most annoying to residents near wind farms, including such complaints as sleep disturbance, nausea, giddiness, etc. The issue becomes a larger public concern as more wind farm proj-ects are buil

44、t with modern powerful wind turbines deploying larger and longer blades. However, the current IEC 61400-11 noise measurement standard did not address this issue, especially in far-field indoor conditions. To address this issue, IEEE started a standard development project, P2400, in October 2013. Thi

45、s standard establishes standard measurement techniques and methods of analysis to quantify wind turbine and wind farm aero acoustic noise. It can be used to understand wind turbine aero acoustic noise, so-called low-frequency/infrasound and amplitude modulation noise, and potential impacts on surrou

46、nding communities. This docu-ment provides the standard measurement techniques for wind turbine aero acoustic noise, including instru-mentation selection, measurement setup, near-field and far-field outdoor and indoor post-data processing, and noise source data analysis. IEC 61400-11 has provided an

47、 overall wind-turbine noise-measurement standard, while this standard focuses more on the aero acoustic noise of wind turbines to avoid the overlap with IEC 61400-11. It is advised that users of this document are also familiar with ANSI S1.11994 (R2004) Acoustical Terminology.8Copyright 2016 IEEE. A

48、ll rights reserved.Contents1. Overview . 91.1 Scope 91.2 Purpose . 92. Normative references 103. Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations 103.1 Definitions 103.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 124. Instruments employed . 124.1 Acoustic instruments 124.2 Non-acoustic instruments . 135. Near-field measurem

49、ent and measuring method . 145.1 Overview 145.2 AMN measuring method and measurement 145.3 LFN measurement method and measurement . 155.4 Non-acoustic measurement 176. Subsequent data analysis methods . 176.1 AMN data analysis method . 176.2 LFN data analysis method 186.3 Noise source analysis method . 187. Far-field wind farm noise measurement method 187.1 Overview 187.2 Sound measurement position 187.3 Configuration of record system 197.4 Microphone adaption for indoor measurement . 207.5 The effects of the sampling number and sampling rate on the sampling device 207.6 Syst