IEEE 602-2007 en Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health Care Facilities (IEEE White Book (Color Book Series))《医疗保健电子系统用推荐实施规程》.pdf

1、Published by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.602IEEE Recommended Practice forElectric Systems inHealth CareFacilitiesIEEE Std 602-2007(Revision of IEEE Std 602-1996)IEEE BOOKwhiteIEEE Std 602-2007(Revision ofIEEE Std 602-1996)IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems i

2、n Health Care FacilitiesSponsor Power Systems Engineering Subcommitteeof theIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Departmentof theIEEE Industry Applications SocietyApproved 26 March 2007IEEE-SA Standards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10

3、016-5997, USACopyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 30 August 2007. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any indi-vidual stan

4、dard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854USACopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. vIntroductionIEEE Std 602, known as the IEEE White Book, was last published in 1996. This ver

5、sionof the White Bookupdates topics and categories to 2006.IEEE Std 602 is written primarily for the practicing electrical design engineer, who mayhave limited experience with health care facilities, and for hospital operating personnel. Itwill also be useful for those who supply products and servic

6、es for health care facilities.While the text deals with a broad range of topics relevant to the design and operation ofhealth care facilities, it focuses on those aspects of facility design and operation that areunique to health care facilities. These include patient electrical safety, patient care

7、issues,continuity of electric service, and a reliable source of power to sensitive computer-basedclinical and biomedical equipment. The text also touches on communication and alarmsystems that are unique to the health care facility.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standard

8、s can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to checkthis URL for errata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.

9、PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommended practicemay require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of thisrecommended practice, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of anypatent rights in connection there

10、with. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEErecommended practice or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of thosepatents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not p

11、art of IEEE Std 602-2007, IEEE Recommended Practice for ElectricSystems in Health Care Facilities.vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsHugh O. Nash, Jr., and Walter N. Vernon were co-chairmen of this edition of the IEEEWhite Book.The following authors were responsible for the draf

12、ts of the individualchapters. Walter N. Vernon provided guidance, review, and editorial revisions to thesubmitted chapters. Walter N. Vernons assistant, Matthew Kenney, was responsible forconforming the presentation of text, tables, charts, and figures to IEEE guidelines. JamesHarvey served as secre

13、tary.The following members of the White Book Working Group contributed to these chapters:Hugh O. Nash, Jr., Co-ChairWalter N. Vernon, Co-ChairChapter 1: OverviewHugh O. Nash, Jr.,ChairChapter 2: Electrical loadsWalter N. Vernon, Chair; Adrienne Hendrickson, MartyKobalyChapter 3: Electrical power dis

14、tribution systemsMatt Dozier, Chair; Edgar Galyon,James Harvey, Philip Keebler, James E. Meade, Ron Wilson Chapter 4: Electrical power systems for delivering patient careDavid Stymiest, Chair;Bill Bonn, Jason DAntona, Jan Ehrenwerth, Phil Janeway, Philip Keebler, LeilaniKicklighter, Paul Konz, Neil

15、McGrath, David Norton, Cornelius Regan, Walter N.Vernon, Gerald W. “Jerry” WilliamsChapter 5: Emergency power systemsHerbert Daugherty,Chair; Lawrence Bey, BillBonn, Mark Halpin, James Iverson, James E. Meade, David Norton, Jeffrey Steplowski,Walter N. Vernon, Herbert WhittallChapter 6: LightingJeff

16、rey N. Losnegard, Chair; Rebecca Boulter, Anthony J.Denami, Mary Claire Frazier, Beverley K. Shimmin, Eric StrandbergChapter 7: Communications systemsJames R. Duncan, Chair; Spencer L. Bahner,Gregory S. Batie, Carl Cox, Robert J. Eastman, Steven V. Groegebuer, Nathan T.Larmore, Thomas A. Leonidas, J

17、r., Brady A. McCoy, Terry Miller, Thomas O. Moore,Scott P. Roberts, Walter N. Vernon, Bill Van Vlack, David F. ZehrungChapter 8: Medical equipment instrumentationWalter N. Vernon,Chair; Tony Freitas,Rich Fries, Nazrul Islam, Philip Keebler, Paul King, Bill Rostenberg, Bogue WallerChapter 9: Health c

18、are renovationsWalter N. Vernon,Chair; Edgar Galyon, JamesHarvey, William R. Jennings, Jr., Mark SaphireCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommendedpractice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or a

19、bstention.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 26 March2007, it had the following membership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRobert M. Gown, Vice ChairDon Wright,Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusSatish K. AggarwalAli Al AwaziWallace B. Binder, Jr. Michael J. Bio

20、Stuart H. BoucheyWilliam A. ByrdThomas P. CallsenJuan C. CarreonKeith ChowDonald M. ColaberardinoBryan R. ColeTommy P. CooperStephen DareF. A. DenbrockCarlo DonatiGary L. DonnerNeal B. Dowling, Jr.Sourav K. DuttaGary R. EngmannDan EvansCarl J. FredericksRandall C. GrovesNancy M. GundersonAjit K. Gwa

21、lWerner HoelzlDennis HorwitzJim KulchiskySaumen K. KunduBlane LeuschnerWilliam LumpkinsG. L. LuriFaramarz MaghsoodlouKeith N. MalmedalMark F. McGranaghanGary L. MichelMichael S. NewmanGregory L. OlsonLorraine K. PaddenJoshua S. ParkRalph E. PattersonHoward W. PenroseEdward P. RafterCharles W. Rogers

22、Randall M. SafierVincent Saporita,Peter E. SutherlandS. ThamilarasanRaul VelazquezWalter N. VernonJames L. WisemanDonald W. ZipseAhmed F. ZobaaRichard DeBlasioAlex GelmanWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Kenneth S. HanusWilliam B. HopfRichard H. HulettHermann KochJ

23、oseph L. Koepfinger*John KulickDavid J. LawGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostNarayanan RamachandranGreg RattaRobby RobsonAnne-Marie SahazizianVirginia C. Sulzberger*Malcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendHoward L. Wolfmanviii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.Also included are the fol

24、lowing nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeJennie SteinhagenIEEE Standards Project EditorPatricia A. GerdonIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program DevelopmentCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. ixContent

25、sChapter 1Overview .11.1 Scope11.2 Health care facilities 11.3 Professional registration.21.4 Codes and standards.31.5 Manufacturers data .51.6 Safety .51.7 Appliances and equipment.71.8 Operational considerations.71.9 Maintenance.81.10 Design considerations 91.11 Other considerations 101.12 Normati

26、ve references.101.13 Bibliography 12Chapter 2Electrical loads 152.1 General discussion .152.2 Obtaining load data212.3 Using load data to design health care facilities232.4 Using load data to manage energy costs412.5 Load management funding mechanisms672.6 Normative references.672.7 Bibliography 69A

27、nnex 2A (informative) Sutter general loads73Annex 2B (informative) Kaiser Roseville Medical Center continuous electrical demand profile (summer 2001) .78Chapter 3Electrical power distribution systems . 953.1 General discussion .953.2 Systems planning .963.3 Electrical power systems basics.1003.4 Vol

28、tage considerations.1023.5 Current considerations .1063.6 Grounding 1073.7 System protection and coordination.1113.8 Electrical equipment selection, installation, and testing1233.9 System arrangements .1303.10 Normative references.1383.11 Bibliography 140x Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.Ch

29、apter 4Electrical power systems for delivering patient care 1434.1 Overview1434.2 Definitions1434.3 Electrical system safety1434.4 Delivering power to the caregivers and their patients .1634.5 Normative references.1814.6 Bibliography 182Chapter 5Emergency power systems 1835.1 Overview1835.2 Definiti

30、ons1835.3 Generator sets.1835.4 Generator system accessories 1885.5 Transfer switches .2105.6 Uninterruptible power supply systems.2155.7 Transfer considerations for types of loads.2195.8 Elevator loads.2245.9 Engine-generator controls2275.10 Maintenance.2515.11 Normative references.2525.12 Bibliogr

31、aphy 253Chapter 6Lighting .2556.1 General discussion .2556.2 Lighting design for hospitals .2566.3 Hospital lighting applications 2596.4 Considerations in lighting system design 2646.5 Normative references.2686.6 Bibliography 269Chapter 7Communication systems . 2717.1 System design considerations 27

32、17.2 Telecommunications infrastructure .2767.3 Wireless networks2897.4 Network switching platforms.2977.5 Telephone systems.3067.6 Intercom systems .3177.7 Nurse-call and code systems3207.8 Radio communication systems 3347.9 Paging systems.3407.10 Physician and staff register systems 3527.11 Dictati

33、on systems.3567.12 Patient physiological monitoring systems .359Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. xi7.13 Picture archiving and communication system .3627.14 Emergency medical service communications3637.15 Clocks 3667.16 Fire alarm system.3697.17 Security systems.3817.18 Facility monitoring.3

34、847.19 Television systems.3877.20 Sound reinforcement systems 3947.21 Disaster alarm systems.3987.22 Normative references.3997.23 Bibliography 400Chapter 8Medical equipment and instrumentation. 4038.1 Overview4038.2 Definitions4038.3 Trends in medical equipment evolution.4048.4 General electrical co

35、nsiderations for medical equipment4058.5 Description of certain kinds of medical equipment .4108.6 Normative references.4488.7 Bibliography 448Chapter 9Health care renovations. 4519.1 Overview4519.2 Coordination 4539.3 Loads and energy management4579.4 Electrical power distribution system4589.5 Emer

36、gency power systems.4599.6 Planning for patient care 4619.7 Lighting4649.8 Communication and signal systems.4659.9 Medical equipment and instrumentation4709.10 Preparing for renovations.4719.11 Normative references.4719.12 Bibliography 471Index 473Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Reco

37、mmended Practice for Electric Systems in Health CareFacilitiesChapter 1Overview1.1 ScopeIEEE Std 602, commonly known as the IEEE White Book,is published by the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to provide a recommended practice for thedesign and operation of electric systems in

38、 health care facilities. It has been prepared on avoluntary basis by design engineers and health care end users as well as electrical andmedical manufacturers functioning as the White Book Working Group within the PowerSystems Design Subcommittee of the Power Systems Engineering Subcommittee.This re

39、commended practice will probably be of greatest value to the power orientedengineer with limited health care experience. It can also be an aid to all engineersresponsible for the electrical design of health care facilities. However, it is not intended asa replacement for the many excellent engineeri

40、ng texts and handbooks commonly in use,nor is it detailed enough to be a design manual. It should be considered a guide and ageneral reference on electrical design for health care facilities.1.2 Health care facilitiesThe term health care facility, as used here, encompasses buildings or parts of buil

41、dingsthat contain hospitals, nursing homes, residential custodial care facilities, clinics, andmedical and dental offices. Buildings or parts of buildings within an industrial orcommercial complex, used as medical facilities, logically fall within the scope of thisbook. Thus the specific use of the

42、building in question, rather than the nature of the overalldevelopment of which it is a part, determines its electric design category.Todays health care facilities, because of their increasing size and complexity, havebecome more and more dependent upon safe, adequate, and reliable electrical system

43、s.Every day new types of sophisticated diagnostic and treatment equipment, utilizingmicroprocessors or computers, come on the market. Many of these items are sensitive toIEEEStd 602-2007 CHAPTER 12 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.electrical disturbances and some require a very reliable powe

44、r source. Invasive medicalprocedures such as cardiac catheterization make electrical safety extremely important.Moreover, new medical and surgical procedures are constantly being developed, and newtechnologies are being utilized. Modern facilities use robotics, telemedicine, picturearchiving and com

45、munications systems (PACS), and the mixing of diagnostic andtreatment modalities (i.e., surgical procedures combined with various types of medicalimaging). In addition to the special safety and reliability requirements, health carefacilities have unique life safety and communication requirements, be

46、cause patients aregenerally unable to care for themselves or evacuate in the event of an emergency. Forthese reasons, perhaps no area of design or construction is changing as fast as health carefacilities.1.2.1 Industry Applications SocietyThe IEEE is divided into 42 societies that specialize in var

47、ious technical areas of electricalengineering. Each group or society conducts meetings and publishes papers ondevelopments within its specialized area. The Industry Applications Society (IAS)presently encompasses 18 technical committees covering electrical engineering in specificareas (petroleum and

48、 chemical industry, cement industry, glass industry, industrial andcommercial power systems, and others). The Power Systems Engineering Subcommittee,which has responsibility for the White Book Working Group, is part of the Industrial andCommercial Power Systems Department of the IAS. Papers of inter

49、est to electricalengineers and designers involved in the field covered by the IEEE White Bookare, for themost part, contained in the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications of the IAS. TheIAS also publishes the IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,which reports on thedevelopment and application of electrical systems, apparatus, devices, and controls to theprocesses and equipment of industry and commerce; the promotion of safe, reliable, andeconomic installations; the encouragement of energy conservation; and the creation ofvoluntary engineering standa