IEEE 95-2002 en Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage《带直流高压的交流电动机械(2300V及以上)的绝缘试验操作规程.pdf

1、IEEE Std 95-2002(Revision of IEEE Std 95-1977)IEEE Standards95TMIEEE Recommended Practice forInsulation Testing of AC ElectricMachinery (2300 V and Above)With High Direct VoltagePublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA12 Apri

2、l 2002IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theElectric Machinery CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94982PDF: SS94982The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.A

3、ll rights reserved. Published 12 April 2002. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-3245-4 SH94982PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3246-2 SS94982No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the

4、publisher.IEEE Std 95-2002(R2012)(Revision ofIEEE Std 95-1977)IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct VoltageSponsorElectric Machinery Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyReaffirmed 30 August 2012Approved 21 March 2002IEE

5、E-SA Standards BoardReaffirmed 24 April 2008Approved 1 August 2002American National Standards InstituteAbstract: This recommended practice provides information on the use of high direct voltage forproof tests and for periodic diagnostic tests on the groundwall insulation of stator (armature) wind-in

6、gs in ac electric machines.Keywords: electric machine windings, electrical insulation, high direct voltageIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of theIEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standa

7、rds through a consensus develop-ment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing variedviewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve with-out compensation. Whi

8、le the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus devel-opment process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information containedin its standards.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE discla

9、ims liability for any personal injury, property or other dam-age, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resultingfrom the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document.The IEEE does not warrant or

10、 represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaimsany express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or thatthe use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Sta

11、ndards documents are supplied “AS IS.”The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market,or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at thetime a standard is

12、 approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art andcomments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revi-sion or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and h

13、as not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to concludethat its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to checkto determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.In publishing and making this document available, t

14、he IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other servicesfor, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person orentity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice

15、 of a com-petent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specificapplications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attenti

16、on of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepareappropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that anyinterpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of it

17、s soci-eties and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except inthose cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of m

18、embership affiliation withIEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriatesupporting comments. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box

19、 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. Toarrange for payment of lic

20、ensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is

21、called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible f

22、or identifying patentsfor which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std 95-2002, IEEE

23、 Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC ElectricMachinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage.Traditionally, the insulation of rotating machines has been tested for dielectric strength with alternating volt-age. In 1952, attention was directed to testing with direct voltage. Since

24、 then, high direct voltage has beenwidely used. Many reports of procedure and results are found in the IEEE Transactions with expressions ofwidely differing opinion.In 1957, the Insulation Subcommittee of the IEEE Rotating Machinery Committee appointed a workinggroup to review the existing literatur

25、e and to prepare a guide for the conduct and interpretation of highdirect-voltage insulation tests. It was found that many methods of making the tests have been used and thatthere was no uniform opinion of their relative merits.In 1971, the Insulation Subcommittee of the IEEE Rotating Machinery Comm

26、ittee appointed a workinggroup to revise the existing guide to a recommended practice.In 1996, the Materials Subcommittee of the IEEE Electric Machinery Committee appointed a working groupto revise the existing recommended practice. The document has been updated in a number of respects andtypical te

27、st results using the ramped voltage test method have been included.At present there is wide usage of high direct voltage for insulation testing, but there are still areas of dis-agreement regarding the utility of such tests. In this recommended practice every effort has been made tostate facts and t

28、o indicate what is not certain. This document gives the present opinion and evaluation of highdirect-voltage insulation testing of a large number of investigators with experience in a wide area of testactivities.Many of those who have used the methods described in this recommended practice have foun

29、d them to besatisfactory and a valuable addition to other test procedures. It is hoped that the use of this recommendedpractice will achieve more uniform results and a fuller understanding and appreciation for the benefits of thehigh direct-voltage dielectric test.A general discussion of test proced

30、ures, a comparison between alternating and direct-voltage testing, andrequirements for high voltage power supplies may be found in Annex A of this recommended practice. Forbackground information on overvoltage testing, see Clause 8 of IEEE Std 56-1977 and see IEEE P62.2/D23.aParticipantsThis documen

31、t was originally developed by a working group of the Insulation Subcommittee of the IEEERotating Machinery Committee. The members of this working group were:C. D. Sidway,ChairB. R. Loxley,SecretaryaInformation on references can be found in Clause 2. C. E. AsburyJ. S. AskeyB. M. CainA. W. W. CameronE

32、. B. CurdtsJ. L. KuehlthauH. M. MarsdenG. L. MosesE. R. ScattergoodW. SchneiderH. R. TomlinsonH. P. WalkerW. A. WeddendorfE. S. YatesivCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.The 1977 revision was prepared by a working group of the Insulation Subcommittee. The members were:R. F. Sharrow,ChairThis r

33、evision was prepared by a working group of the Materials Subcommittee of the Electric MachineryCommittee. The members were:N. E. Nilsson,ChairThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA St

34、andards Board approved this standard on 20 March 2002, it had the followingmembership:James T. Carlo,ChairJames H. Gurney,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusJ. M. BrownA. W. W. CameronE. B. CurdtsR. J. HillenW. J. SheetsG. WolffR. BartnikasK. BeckerJ. GrantV. GreenB. K. GuptaM. JacobsW

35、. McDermidB. NindraL. RodlandL. RuxV. WarrenC. A. WilsonPaul A. AndersonWilliam E. AndersonRoy L. BalkeWilliam H. BartleyR. BartnikasK. BeckerThomas H. BishopE. A. BoulterSteven R. BrockschinkStephen P. ConradRoger H. DaughertyGuru Dutt DhingraJames H. DymondJames S. EdmondsFranklin T. EmeryJorge Fe

36、rnandez-DaherNirmal K. GhaiJ. GrantJohn Travis GriffithFranklin H. GroomsThomas J. HammonsAdrienne M. HendricksonGary A. HeustonPeter H. LandrieuAntonio J. Marques-CardosoWalter J. MartinyC. V. MaughanW. McDermidJeffrey L. McElray SrDonald G. McLarenJames R. MichalecGary L. MichelRihong MoDaleep C.

37、MohlaGlenn MottersheadArthur S. NeubauerN. E. NilssonJames A. OliverMadan RanaR. V. RebbapragadaJesus Martinez RodriguezCharles M. RoweJames A. RuggieriL. RuxMaurice A. SecrestJohn SheaDaniel SlomovitzGreg C. StoneQi SuJames E. TimperleyPaul Dieter WagnerV. WarrenKarim YounsiH. ZhuSid BennettH. Step

38、hen BergerClyde R. CampRichard DeBlasioHarold E. EpsteinJulian Forster*Howard M. FrazierToshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald M. HeirmanRichard H. HulettLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Peter H. LipsNader MehravariDaleep C. MohlaWilliam J. MoylanMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. Thom

39、psonHoward L. WolfmanDon WrightCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.vAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeAndrew D. IckowiczIEEE Standards Project EditorviCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights re

40、served.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 Application and limitations 12. References 33. Definitions 44. Test preparations 64.1 Safety precautions required for high direct-voltage tests 64.2 Influencing factors . 64.3 Gas-cooled machines . 84.4 Liquid-cooled machines. 84.5 Isolation o

41、f the winding from cables and auxiliary equipment 84.6 Sectionalizing the winding. 95. Test equipment and connections 95.1 High direct-voltage test equipment 95.2 Discharge and grounding provisions . 105.3 High-voltage test connection to the winding . 115.4 Test connection to ground 126. Test proced

42、ure: proof tests. 126.1 Test voltage for acceptance proof testing 136.2 Test voltage for maintenance proof testing 136.3 Voltage application 136.4 Discharging and grounding 136.5 Test results . 146.6 Insulation failure 147. Test procedure: controlled overvoltage test. 147.1 Test method 147.2 Test se

43、tup . 147.3 Measured current . 157.4 Test voltage for controlled overvoltage testing . 157.5 Initial voltage level 157.6 Voltage increments 167.7 Discharging and grounding 187.8 Test results . 187.9 Use of controlled overvoltage tests 268. Fault location . 269. Suggested test record . 27Annex A (inf

44、ormative) Test Procedures 29Annex B (informative) Bibliography 46Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.viiWARNINGDue to high voltage used, dielectric tests should be conducted only by experienced personnel, and adequate safety precautions should be taken to avoid injury to personnel and damage to

45、 property.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) With High Direct Voltage1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis recommended practice provides uniform methods for testing insulation with high direct voltage. Itapplies t

46、o stator (armature) windings of ac electric machines rated 2300 V or higher. It covers acceptancetesting of new equipment in the factory or in the field after installation, and routine maintenance testing ofmachines that have been in service.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this recommended practice is to:

47、a) Provide uniform procedures for performing high direct-voltage acceptance tests and routine mainte-nance tests on the main ground insulation of windings of ac electric machines.b) Provide guidance in analyzing the variations in measured current versus applied voltage so that thecondition of the in

48、sulation can be more effectively assessed.c) Compare direct-voltage testing with alternating voltage testing.1.3 Application and limitationsTesting of machine insulation may be conducted in the factory, in the field during installation, as a conditionof acceptance, to verify the efficacy of repairs

49、or maintenance, after a system disturbance or extended out-age, and/or on a routine basis during the lifetime of the machine.High direct-voltage acceptance tests are generally performed to provide some assurance that the windinginsulation has a minimum level of electrical strength. Because the inherent electrical strength of sound insu-lation is well above the usual proof test value, failure during an acceptance test at an appropriate voltageindicates the insulation is unsuitable for service. IEEEStd 95-2002 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR INSULATION TESTING OF AC ELECTRIC2Cop