IEEE 957-2005 en Guide for Cleaning Insulators《绝缘子清洁处理指南》.pdf

1、IEEE Std 957-2005(Revision ofIEEE Std 957-1995)957TMIEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USAIEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransmission and Distribution Committee20 September 2005Print: SH95333PDF: SS95333The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

2、 Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 20 September 2005. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permiss

3、ion to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTE Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of

4、this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible foridentifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into thelegal validity or scope of t

5、hose patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroductionThe guide for cleaning insulators is the result of the dedicated efforts of individuals and companies withpractical experience in cleaning insulators. The information for this guide was drawn from

6、electric utilities,suppliers, universities, related industries, published papers and reports, and personal observations. Includedin this guide are proven, practical methods for cleaning insulators that are considered safe and up-to-date.This revision of the guide started several years ago as the res

7、ult of a desire to update and modernize the rep-resented methodology. Changes to cleaning procedures, tools, equipment, and insulating materials havebeen dramatic in the last several years. These changes required newer and modern techniques, which havebeen incorporated into this guide. The result is

8、 a guide that represents a consolidation and accumulation ofmethods that have been satisfactorily used in the industry.During preparation, the equipment, methods, tests, and safety features were investigated. The informationpresented is thought to be of particular benefit to a company or industry th

9、at may be initiating a cleaningprogram or trying to address a particular problem. It is also thought to be of value to those with an existingprogram.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updat

10、es/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard

11、may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license

12、may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 957-2005, IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators.ivCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsT

13、his guide was prepared by the Insulator Cleaning Task Force of the Engineering in Safety, Maintenance,and Operation of Lines (ESMOL) Subcommittee of the Transmission and Distribution Committee of theIEEE Power Engineering Society. At the time this guide was completed, the task force had the followin

14、gmembership:Rajeswari Sundararajan,ChairGreg Hardwick,Former ChairThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have votedfor approval, disapproval, or abstention. D. A. Blakely Gernot BrandtKen BrownKristine Buchholz Thomas J. Buonincontri Jeff Burnh

15、am Tony CarreiraJames Cristensen Rob ChristmanDon J. DoddsJ. Frederick DoeringJohn EckmanBrian ErgaRaymond Ferraro Stephen Frost Dr. George Gela Jim Gillies Ed Hunt Henry Kientz Clayton King Nestor KolcioD. E. Koonce Tom McCarthyDavid MitchellShashi Patel Tom RaslerJohn Rumble Lawrence SchweitzerHec

16、tor SilvaGeorge Stinnett Rick Storm Eldridge Tann Jim Tomaseski Tom VerdecchioAnthony BakerThomas BlairGernot BrandtKristine BucholzThomas J. BuonincontriThomas CallsenJames ChristensenMichael ClodfelderF. Leonard ConsalvoTommy CooperJose DacontiR. DaubertFrank DenbrockNicholas DeSantisAndrew Dettlo

17、ffDr. Guru Dutt DhingraJ. Frederick DoeringAmir El-SheikhGary EngmannCharles W. GroseRandall GrovesErik GuillotEdward Horgan, Jr.George KaradyGael R. KennedyHenry KientzStephen R. LambertGregory LuriFrank MayleG. MichelAbdul MousaKrste NajdenkoskiMiklos OroszRobert OswaldCarlos PeixotoRobert PetersP

18、aulette PayneThomas PekarekFrancis PeverlyPaul PillitteriJerry RedingDennis ReisingerJohannes RickmannThomas RozekJames RuggieriJohn RumbleNeil SchmidtDevki SharmaMichael SharpJames SmithJoshua SmithDaniel WardCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.vWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this g

19、uide on 25 April 2005, it had the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. C

20、ookson, NIST RepresentativeMichael D. FisherIEEE Standards Project EditorMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyJoseph BruderRichard CoxBob DavisJulian Forster*Joanna N. GueninMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanWilliam B. HopfLowell G. JohnsonHerman KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaPaul Nikolich

21、T. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendJoe D. WatsonHoward L. WolfmanviCopyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 12. Normative references. 13. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 23.1 Definitions 23.

22、2 Acronyms and abbreviations 34. Insulators to be cleaned 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Transmission line insulators 34.3 Station equipment 54.4 Distribution line equipment . 64.5 Large diameter equipment . 64.6 Greased insulator cleaning. 64.7 Resistive glazed insulator cleaning 74.8 Room temperature vulc

23、anizing coated ceramic insulator cleaning . 75. Types of contaminants . 75.1 Salt . 85.2 Cement/lime. 85.3 Dusts 85.4 Bird excrement. 95.5 Chemical 95.6 Smog (vehicular emission) 95.7 Cooling tower effluent . 95.8 Smoke 95.9 Organic 105.10 Ice/snow . 105.11 Frequency of cleaning 106. Methods 106.1 E

24、nergized . 106.2 De-energized 176.3 Results 187. Cleaning equipment . 187.1 High-pressure water equipment (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa) (400 psi to 1000 psi) 187.2 Medium-pressure water equipment (2100 kPa to 2750 kPa) (300 psi to 400 psi). 247.3 Low-pressure water equipment (1400 kPa) (200 psi) 247.4 Comp

25、ressed air, dry-type cleaner 247.5 Fixed spray. 26Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.vii8. Technical considerations for energized cleaning with water. 268.1 Leakage current 268.2 Working distance . 278.3 Water quality 298.4 Water supply 308.5 Water pressure . 318.6 Nozzles. 318.7 Grounding 318

26、.8 Laboratory tests in grounded environments. 318.9 Fixed nozzle. 418.10 Helicopter-mounted nozzle 429. Industry practices. 429.1 General industry practices 429.2 Individual company standards/rules 449.3 Public/public relations . 469.4 Limitations. 4610. Summary 4810.1 Grounding 49Annex A (informati

27、ve) Bibliography. 51Annex B (informative) Maintenance of ceramic insulators after cleaning 53Annex C (informative) English units. 61Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators1. Overview1.1 ScopeThe scope of this guide for cleaning insulators is to document the proce

28、dures used for cleaning contaminatedelectrical insulators (excluding nuclear, toxic, and hazardous chemical contaminants), of all types, usingvaried equipment and techniques.Because of the great variety of conditions, practices, electrical system designs, and contaminationpossibilities, this guide i

29、s offered to describe a number of approaches to insulator cleaning on powersystems. All factors must be considered to specific situations in deciding whether and how to use theinformation in this guide.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this guide is to present information on the equipment needed and the met

30、hods that can beused when cleaning contaminated insulators.The methods or equipment, or both, presented in this guide are not intended to prescribe specific procedures,but to present the successful experience of many individuals who have safely cleaned contaminatedinsulators. The guide is intended t

31、o serve as a reference source for a company, or persons, seekinginformation on insulator cleaning procedures so that they may consider the experience of others inmodifying or formulating insulator cleaning programs and practices.2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispens

32、able for the application of this guide. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. Electrical Equipment Washing/Cleaning, Electrical e.g., transformer bushings and surge a

33、rresters. 3.1.5 non-conducting or non-conductive:Made of a material of high dielectric strength. 3.1.6 overspray:A portion of the water stream that is unintentionally directed away from the device beingwashed.3.1.7 polymer (non-ceramic) insulator: Insulators made from polymeric materials. 3.1.8 poly

34、plastic:A synonym for polyethylene-coated, nylon-reinforced hose (used in this case to carrywater), usually considered to be non-conductive. 3.1.9 qualified worker:A person qualified to perform various line-work operations, including aerial andgroundwork. NOTERefer to IEEE Std 516-2003.5,63.1.10 ski

35、ving:The process of assembling a fitting to a hose, by trimming the outside of a hose to fit theinside dimensions of a fitting.2IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, ruede Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland

36、/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United Statesfrom the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 3The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are tradema

37、rks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.4IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).5Information on references can be found in Clause 2.6Notes in text,

38、 tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard.IEEEIEEE GUIDE FOR CLEANING INSULATORS Std 957-2005Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.33.1.11 system voltage: Phase-to-phase voltage of the circuit(s). When phase-to-ground volt

39、age is the inten-tion, it should be so noted. 3.1.12 water conductivity:Conductivity (reciprocal of resistivity) of water is expressed in microsimens/centimeters (S/cm)3.1.13 water resistivity:Resistivity of water is expressed in ohm-cm (.cm) or ohm-inch (.in).3.2 Acronyms and abbreviationsESDD equi

40、valent salt-deposit densitygal/min gallons per minute gal/s gallons per second id inside diameter kPa kilopascals, metric unit for pressure L/s liters per secondLZ landing zone m3/s cubic meters per secondPTO power takeoffrpm revolutions per minuteRTV room temperature vulcanizing4. Insulators to be

41、cleaned4.1 IntroductionLine insulators and arresters are made of ceramic and polymeric materials. Cleaning distribution insulatorsentails different concerns than transmission line insulators due to the lesser voltage involved and therespective clearance distances. The insulator should be washed so t

42、hat the watersheds just cleaned willmaintain adequate insulation. (For example, on vertical insulators the washing would be started at thebottom and work upwards.) One of the main concerns of washing is the potential problem of overspray.When overspray presents a problem, washing from different posi

43、tions may help, but will take more time andreduce production.4.2 Transmission line insulators4.2.1 CeramicPorcelain and glass insulators with galvanized hardware are the most common insulators to be cleaned. Anycleaning technique used should not damage or deteriorate the item to be cleaned.IEEEStd 9

44、57-2005 IEEE GUIDE FOR CLEANING INSULATORS4Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.Ceramic insulators can be cleaned in a number of ways, and they can either be energized or de-energized.The most common methods used are the following:a) High-pressure water (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa) (400 psi to 1000 ps

45、i)b) Medium-pressure water (2100 kPa to 2750 kPa) (300 psi to 400 psi)c) Low-pressure water (flood wash) (1400 kPa) (200 psi)d) Low-pressure water fixed-spray nozzlee) Compressed air cleaningcorncob and CO2pelletsf) Hot wiping (using a live-line tool)g) Hand cleaning4.2.2 PolymerManufacturers should

46、 be consulted prior to cleaning for advice on their respective products and applicabilityof cleaning methods.4.2.2.1 General guidelines for water pressure washingTable 1 shows a general guide for washing different types of polymer insulators with water pressurewashing.NOTEFor English units, see Anne

47、x C.Table 1Water pressure washing for polymer insulators1. Direct molded unitsSilicone Low- to high-pressure water washing (1400 kPa to 7000 kPa)EPDM/EPR High-pressure water washing (2750 kPa to7000 kPa)Alloy EPDMs High-pressure water washing (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa)Epoxy High-pressure water washing (

48、2750 kPa to 7000 kPa)Polymer ceramic Medium- to high-pressure water washing (2100 kPa to 7000 kPa)2. Individual weathershed bonded to a polymer sheath or to each otherSilicone Low- to high-pressure water washing (1400 kPa to 7000 kPa)EPDM/EPR High-pressure water washing (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa)Alloy E

49、PDMs High-pressure water washing (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa)3. Individual weathershed with an unbonded interfaceAll compounds 1400 kPa at the pump with a 6 mm nozzle and no closer than 4.6 m NOTEFor types 1 and 2, the water stream may be directed at any angle to the insulator axis. Type 3 requires thewater stream to be directed on the upper (tapered) surface of the weathersheds at an angle no greater than 90 (per-pendicular) to the insulator axis.IEEEIEEE GUIDE FOR CLEANING INSULATORS Std 957-2005Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.54.2.2.2 Washing freq