ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:12 ,大小:255.50KB ,
资源ID:1249622      下载积分:10000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-1249622.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(ISO 10307-2-2009 Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 2 Determination using standard procedures for ageing《石油产品 残留燃料油中的总沉淀物 第2部分 使用标.pdf)为本站会员(eveningprove235)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

ISO 10307-2-2009 Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 2 Determination using standard procedures for ageing《石油产品 残留燃料油中的总沉淀物 第2部分 使用标.pdf

1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10307-2 Second edition 2009-02-01 Reference number ISO 10307-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 Petroleum products Total sediment in residual fuel oils Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing Produits ptroliers Insolubles existants dans les fuel-oils rsiduels Partie 2:

2、Dtermination laide de mthodes de vieillissement de rfrenceISO 10307-2:2009(E) ii ISO 2009 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which

3、 are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Inco

4、rporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event th

5、at a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica

6、l, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org

7、 Published in SwitzerlandISO 10307-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS

8、O technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates c

9、losely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. D

10、raft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this do

11、cument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10307-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10307-2:1993), wh

12、ich has been technically revised. ISO 10307 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum products Total sediment in residual fuel oils: Part 1: Determination by hot filtration Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageingISO 10307-2:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights r

13、eserved Introduction Experience has shown that the precipitation of asphaltenes from a residual fuel oil in the form of sediment can occur during storage and handling. Such sediment can cause severe difficulties, and in extreme cases can render the fuel unfit for use. Once out of solution, it is ext

14、remely difficult to repeptize the asphaltenes into their original state. Fuel pre-treatment designed to accelerate the ageing/sedimentation process, followed by filtration, is a well- established technique for testing whether sediment from residual fuel oils will precipitate during storage and handl

15、ing. This could involve thermal ageing (heating to a specified temperature for a specified time) or chemical ageing (addition of a specified amount of a normal alkane to test whether the balance between the required aromaticity of the asphaltenes and the available aromaticity of the oil phase is dis

16、turbed to the extent that asphaltene precipitation occurs). A means of predicting the presence of a reserve of stability to sedimentation in residual fuel oil during storage and handling is thus a useful tool in the petroleum products industry.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10307-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All

17、rights reserved 1 Petroleum products Total sediment in residual fuel oils Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing WARNING The use of this part of ISO 10307 could involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. The document does not purport to address all of the safety probl

18、ems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 10307 to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1S c o p e This part of ISO 10307 specifies two procedures A (thermal) and B (chem

19、ical) for the accelerated ageing of residual fuel oils. When combined with the hot filtration method specified in ISO 10307-1, these procedures permit the prediction of fuel oil stability, as affected by sedimentation, during storage and handling of the fuel oils. NOTE For the purposes of this Inter

20、national Standard, the terms “ ” and “ ” are used to represent mass and volume fractions of a material, respectively. These expressions are deprecated under the International System and according to ISO 31-0, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles, which specifies that mass and volume fract

21、ions be expressed as “mass fraction of xx %” (symbol ) and “volume fraction of xx %” (symbol ). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest e

22、dition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1773:1997, Laboratory glassware Narrow-necked boiling flasks ISO 10307-1:2009, Petroleum products Total sediment in residual fuel oils Part 1: Determination by hot filtration 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do

23、cument, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 potential total sediment total sediment, determined by ISO 10307-1, after ageing a sample of residual fuel for at under prescribed conditions 3.2 accelerated total sediment total sediment, determined by ISO 10307-1, after dilution of a sample of

24、 residual fuel with hexadecane in the ratio of per of sample under carefully controlled conditions, followed by storage for at % (m/m) % (V/V) 24 h 100 C 1ml 10 g 1h 100 CISO 10307-2:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved 4P r i n c i p l e 4.1 General The total sediment is determined after accelera

25、ted ageing in accordance with either 4.2 or 4.3, followed by hot filtration in accordance with ISO 10307-1. The ageing is carried out in duplicate (see Note to 8.1). 4.2 Thermal ageing (Procedure A) A sample of residual fuel oil is subject to ageing at for under specified conditions. 4.3 Chemical ag

26、eing (Procedure B) A sample of residual fuel oil is diluted with a specified amount of hexadecane (cetane) under carefully controlled conditions. It is then heated to for . 5 Apparatus 5.1 Ageing bath, comprising an electrically heated oil bath, capable of maintaining a temperature of , fitted with

27、air wells of inner dimension and depth , as illustrated in Figure 1. 5.2 Ageing bath temperature-measuring device, capable of measuring the temperature in the range fromto with an accuracy of (see Figure 1). 5.3 General-purpose temperature-measuring device, capable of measuring the temperature in th

28、e range from to with an accuracy of . 5.4 Air condenser, glass, of outer diameter and length . NOTE The air condenser preferably matches the conical flask (5.9). Alternatively, the air condenser can be attached by means of a cork, bored to accommodate the air condenser. 5.5 Stoppers, to provide a ti

29、ght fit in the test jar. 5.6 Microburette, of minimum capacity , graduated in subdivisions or less. 5.7 Magnetic stirrer/hotplate, capable of being controlled by a surface-temperature-measuring device, (see 5.8), and with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated stirring bars, length . 5.8 Surface-temp

30、erature-measuring device, capable of measuring the temperature up to . 5.9 Conical flask, capacity, narrow neck, complying with ISO 1773. 5.10 Spatula, of polypropylene, chamfered ends, long. 5.11 Stirring rod, glass or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), approximately long and in diameter. 5.12 Hexadec

31、ane distribution funnel, of borosilicate glass, capacity to , outlet orificediameter. NOTE Standard funnels meeting the above criteria are available commercially. 5.13 Portable warm air blower, for heating the microburette to minimum, if required. 5.14 High-speed mixer, of any convenient type with a

32、 minimum speed of . 100 C 24 h 100 C 1h 100 C 0,5 C 55 mm 120 mm 95 C 103 C 0,5 C 0 C 100 C 0,5 C 8mm 400 mm 5ml 0,02 ml 25 mm 200 C 50 ml 200 mm 150 mm 3mm 5ml 10 ml 0,4 mm 0,02 mm 20 C 400 rev/minISO 10307-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 6R e a g e n t 6.1 Hexadecane (cetane), commercial-

33、grade normal hexadecane of purity, minimum. As hexadecane starts to solidify at approximately , store the bulk quantity at or above , or bring to this minimum temperature before use. NOTE Portable warm air blowers and/or water baths not more than are suitable for raising the temperature of the micro

34、burette or bulk hexadecane container. Key 1 test flask 2 air condenser 3 temperature-measuring device 4 air well 5 oil bath 6 hotplate or immersion heater a For well dimensions, see 5.1. Figure 1 Ageing bath 99 % 18 C 20 C 50 CISO 10307-2:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved 7 Sampling and sample

35、preparation Follow the instructions given in ISO 10307-1:2009, Clauses 7 and 8. 8 Ageing procedures 8.1 General Prepare the filters in accordance with ISO 10307-1:2009, Clause 9. Carry out the ageing procedure on duplicate aliquots. NOTE The term “duplicate” as used in ISO 10307-1 has a specific mea

36、ning. ISO 10307-1 requires that a result be reported as the average of duplicate determinations. In order to facilitate this, and in order to ensure homogeneity, two aliquots are aged using the procedure given below, and each aliquot is tested once for sediment determination by hot filtration. 8.2 P

37、rocedure A Sediment determination using thermal ageing 8.2.1 Pour a aliquot of the homogenized sample into the conical flask (5.9), attach the air condenser (5.4), and place the sample in the well of the ageing bath (5.1) at for . 8.2.2 Remove the flask from the bath, replace the air condenser with

38、the stopper (5.5), and shake vigorously until all the sludge has been uniformly suspended. To check this, invert the flask and examine the bottom and walls of the flask for any sludge deposits, after allowing the oil to drain down from the inside walls of the flask. Remove stubborn deposits from the

39、 walls or bottom of the conical flask by scraping with the spatula (5.10). Re-shake and within initiate the procedure specified in ISO 10307-1:2009, Clause 10, for sediment determination by hot filtration. 8.3 Procedure B Sediment determination using chemical ageing 8.3.1 Heat the stirrer/hotplate t

40、o a surface temperature corresponding to the temperature at which the sample under investigation has a kinematic viscosity of approximately . NOTE (Local) overheating of the sample should be avoided when placed on a hotplate. Overheating can cause sample decomposition processes. Proper sample temper

41、ature control is therefore important. Placing the flask in a metal block, which is placed on the magnetic stirrer/hotplate, is found suitable. 8.3.2 Weigh of the homogenized sample into the conical flask and add a PTFE-coated stirring bar. Place the flask in the centre of the stirrer/hotplate contro

42、lled as described in 8.3.1 (see Note above) and adjust the stirring speed to approximately . After , slowly add of hexadecane (6.1) from the microburette (5.6) to the flask at a maximum rate of , while continuously stirring. Asphaltenes that are flocculated during the addition of hexadecane owing to

43、 lack of homogeneity are not easily peptized afterwards and can produce faulty results. Therefore, it is imperative that local over-dilution does not occur during the addition step. This is dependent on the maximum rate of addition, which can be controlled by positioning the microburette above a fun

44、nel (5.12), discharging the directly into the funnel neck and allowing the hexadecane to drip into the stirred sample by gravity. Direct addition of the hexadecane from the microburette is not recommended, but if carried out it is essential that the orifice diameter of the microburette not exceed ,

45、and that the overall tip diameter not exceed . NOTE The rate of mass addition can be determined by plotting mass transferred as calculated from the volume delivered by the burette (hexadecane density at is ) against time of delivery. 8.3.3 Pour the sample and hexadecane mixture into a fresh flask an

46、d attach the air condenser. Place the flask in the well of the oil bath at . Allow the flask to remain in the bath for . 25 g1g 100 C 0,5 C 24 h 15 min 1 min 50 mm 2 /s 25 g 0,2 g 200 r/min 10 min 2,5 ml 0,02 ml 1,0 ml/min 2,5 ml 0,02 ml 1,0 mm 5,0 mm 20 C 773,4 kg/m 3 50 ml 100 C 0,5 C 60 min 2 min

47、ISO 10307-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5 8.3.4 Remove the flask from the bath, replace the air condenser with the stopper (5.5) and shake vigorously until all the sludge has been uniformly suspended. To check this, invert the flask and examine the bottom and walls of the flask for any slud

48、ge deposits, after allowing the oil to drain down from the inside walls of the flask. Remove stubborn deposits from the walls or bottom of the flask by scraping with the spatula. Re-shake and within initiate the procedure specified in ISO 10307-1:2009, Clause 10, for sediment determinations by hot f

49、iltration. 9 Expression of results 9.1 Calculate the mass percentage of total sediment for each test specimen using Equation (1): (1) where is the total sediment, expressed as percentage by mass; is the mass of the test portion, expressed in grams; is the mass of the lower filter before filtration, expressed in milligrams; is the mass of the lower filter after filtration, expressed in milligrams; is the mass of the upper filter before filtration, ex

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1