1、 ISO 2014 Reaction to fire test for sandwich panel building systems Part 1: Small room test Essais de raction au feu des systmes de fabrication de panneaux de type sandwich Partie 1: Essais pour des chambres de petite taille INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13784-1 Second edition 2014-02-01 Reference numb
2、er ISO 13784-1:2014(E) ISO 13784-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoc
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4、47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 13784-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Principle 2 5 Types of systems . 3 5.1 General . 3 6 Test specimen 3 7
5、Test method . 4 8 Ignition source 9 9 Instrumentation .11 9.1 Thermocouples 11 9.2 Heat flux meter 11 9.3 Additional equipment 11 9.4 Heat and smoke release measurement .11 10 Test procedure .16 10.1 Initial conditions 16 10.2 Procedure .17 11 Precision data .18 12 Test report 19 Annex A (normative)
6、 Heat and smoke release measurement procedure according to ISO 970521 Annex B (normative) Heat release and smoke release measurement procedure using method 2 24 Annex C (normative) Calculations 25 Annex D (informative) Laser smoke photometer .31 Bibliography .32 ISO 13784-1:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the
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9、cal standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted i
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12、 an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The commit
13、tee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13784-1:2002), which has been technically revised. ISO 13784 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reaction-t
14、o-fire tests for sandwich panel building systems: Part 1: Test method for small rooms Part 2: Test method for large roomsiv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 13784-1:2014(E) Introduction Fire is a complex phenomenon; its behaviour and effects depend upon a number of interrelated factors. The behaviou
15、r of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the method of use of the materials, and the environment in which they are exposed. The philosophy of reaction to fire tests is explained in ISO/TR 3814. The need for improved insulation of buildings has led to the increased us
16、e of insulating sandwich panel systems in different parts of the building industry. Sandwich panel systems are applied as external cladding of factory buildings, in internal envelopes with controlled atmospheres, and in cold stores which can vary from small rooms to large cool houses. Another applic
17、ation is the use for modular building rooms and sometimes for retail premises. They can also be used for roof applications in a traditional construction. Multi-layered panels with other facings (for example, plasterboard) or sandwich panel systems can be applied to walls as internal linings or insul
18、ation but this is not within the scope of this part of ISO 13784. With free-standing or frame supported types of sandwich panel systems, there are three primary fire threats to the insulated walls and ceilings/roofs of the building: a) an interior compartment fire impinging directly onto the joints
19、of the wall (typical ignition sources are welding torches, burning items near the wall, fire in an adjacent room); b) an external fire of combustibles accumulated near the wall, i.e. rubbish, vegetation, vehicles, etc.; c) fire spread to outside spaces. Fire can spread in several ways: over a combus
20、tible exterior surface; fire travelling vertically and horizontally through the combustible cores of cavities within the external wall or ceiling/roof; through combustible gases which have developed due to the pyrolysis of the combustible components and which will ignite on the surface; burning debr
21、is or flaming droplets. This part of ISo 13784 deals with a simple representation of one fire scenario with this type of product, such as that typified by a local fire impinging directly on the internal face of a sandwich panel building construction. This part of ISO 13784 provides a test method whi
22、ch should be used to provide a small-room scale, end- use evaluation of all aspects of sandwich panel systems, which include constructional techniques such as supporting frameworks, jointing detail etc. This method is intended to evaluate products which, due to their nature, are not normally used as
23、 internal linings and are not suitable to be assessed using ISO 9705, which evaluates fire growth from a surface product. This part of ISO 13784, however, provides a method by which a free-standing or frame supported sandwich panel building construction may be built and evaluated within the room. Te
24、sts of this type may be used for comparative purposes or to ensure the existence of a certain quality of performance considered to generally have a bearing on fire performance. These tests do not rely on the use of asbestos-based materials. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Reaction to fire test for sa
25、ndwich panel building systems Part 1: Small room test WARNING So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during the combustion of test specimen. The test procedures
26、 involve high temperatures and combustion processes, from ignition to a fully developed room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield, and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases
27、. Laboratory safety procedures shall be set up which ensure the safe termination of tests on sandwich panel products. Specimen with combustible content burning inside metallic facings may be difficult to extinguish with standard laboratory fire fighting equipment. Adequate means of extinguishing suc
28、h a fire shall be provided. When tests are conducted using the free-standing room construction, specimens can emit combustion products from their back face, especially if joints open up. Specimen collapse can also occur into the laboratory space. Laboratory safety procedures shall be set up to ensur
29、e safety of personnel with due consideration to such situations. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13784 specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire behaviour of sandwich panel building systems, and the resulting flame spread on or within the sandwich panel building construction, when exp
30、osed to heat from a simulated internal fire with flames impinging directly on the internal corner of the sandwich panel building construction. The test method described is applicable to free-standing, self-supporting, and frame-supported sandwich panel systems. This part of ISO 13784 is not intended
31、 to apply to sandwich panel products which are glued, nailed, bonded, or similarly supported by an underlying wall or ceiling construction. For products used as internal linings, the ISO 9705 test method should be used. This part of ISO 13784 provides for small room testing of sandwich panel buildin
32、g systems. For large- room testing of sandwich panel building systems, ISO 13784-2 should be used. This method is not intended to evaluate the fire resistance of a product, which should be tested by other means. NOTE Because of their design, some systems may be unsuitable for testing with this part
33、of ISO 13784. These systems may be suitable for testing with ISO 13784-2 and the latter test method should be considered. In this case application area of the test report is restricted. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document a
34、nd are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9705:1993, Fire tests Full-scale room test for surface products ISO 13943:2008, Fire safety Vo
35、cabulary ISO 14934-3:2012, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 3: Secondary calibration method INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 13784-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 13784-1:2014(E) IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances 3 Terms and definitions For t
36、he purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply. 3.1 composite combination of materials which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities, for example, coated or laminated materials 3.2 exposed surface surface of the produ
37、ct subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.3 product material, composite, or assembly 3.4 constant mass state of a test specimen when two successive weighing apparatus operations are carried out at an interval of 24 h, and do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen or 0,1
38、 g, whichever is greater 3.5 surface product part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on the walls and/or the ceiling/roof such as panels, boards, etc. 3.6 insulating sandwich panel multi-layered product consisting of three or more layers bonded together Note 1 to entry: One layer is a
39、n insulating material, such as mineral or glass wool, cellular plastics, or a natural material, e.g. corkboard protected by facings on both sides. The facing can be selected from a variety of materials and can be either flat or profiled. Note 2 to entry: The most widely used facing is coated steel.
40、The composite can vary from a simple construction to a complex composite system with specific fixing joints and supports depending on the application and on the performance requirements. 3.7 specimen assembly representing the end-use construction 3.8 flashover point in the fire history when the sum
41、of the rate of heat release from the ignition source and the product reaches 1 000 kW for more than 10 s 4 Principle The reaction to fire performance of a sandwich panel assembly is assessed when exposed to flames impinging directly on the internal corner of a small sandwich panel assembly. The diff
42、erent kinds of flame spread, for example within the internal core, on the surface or through joints, and through ignited combustible gases and falling debris or melting droplets of the sandwich panel assembly, are assessed to allow the following possible fire hazards to be determined: a) the contrib
43、ution of the system to fire development up to flashover;2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 13784-1:2014(E) b) the potential to transmit an interior fire to outside spaces or other compartments or adjacent buildings; c) the possibility of collapse of the structure; d) the development of smoke and fir
44、e gases inside the test room. If for product development, quality control, or on special request by sponsor or regulatory body the heat release and/or smoke measurement is not included in the test procedure, this shall be clearly stated in the test report. 5 Types of systems 5.1 General The test met
45、hod applies to the following two types of structures which are representative of those used in practice, both in construction and materials. 5.1.1 Type A: frame-supported structures For these types of structures, sandwich panel systems are mechanically fixed to the outside or the inside of a structu
46、ral framework, normally steel, through the thickness of the panel. The ceiling/roof may be built traditionally or with sandwich panel systems. A widespread construction is an external cladding of industrial buildings. In most cases, this kind of sandwich panel systems is used for the exterior wall a
47、nd/or the roof of a building. When using a frame, the deformation of the frame can influence the fire behaviour of the sandwich panels. The test recommends that the frame is protected in practice using fire resistance requirements. Protection can be obtained by means of insulating boards or coatings
48、. 5.1.2 Type B: free-standing structures Sandwich panel systems are assembled together to provide a room or enclosure which does not depend for its stability on any other structural framework, e.g. cold stores, or food or clean rooms, constructed normally within a weatherproof shell. The ceiling of
49、these constructions may be supported from above. These rooms are normally situated inside a building. 6 Test specimen The test specimen used shall consist of the requisite number of panels required by the test method to be performed. In all cases, the test specimen shall be representative of that used in practice, both in construction and materials. All constructional details of joints, fixings, etc., shall be reproduced and positioned in the test specimen as in practice. If the investigated type of sandwich panel is used in practic
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